Tylis
Tylis ( Greek Τύλις ), also Tyle ( Greek Τύλη , Bulgarian Тиле ), was the seat of a principality of the Celts in Thrace in the 3rd century BC. There is no evidence of its exact location, except that it must have been located south of the Balkan Mountains (Haimos) in what is now central Bulgaria . An identification with the city of Tulovo (Тулово) or a location at the Strandschagebirge is suspected.
The Celtic Empire of Tylis arose as a result of the 279 BC. Great Celtic peoples began to migrate south into the landscapes of ancient Greece . Under their leader Brennos they advanced as far as the Thermophyls , but were then militarily defeated by the Greeks at Delphi . Some of the remaining Celts were led to the Hellespont by the leader Komontorios , apparently with the intention of crossing to Asia Minor . But after the Celts in 277 BC At Lysimacheia they had been defeated again by Antigonus II. Gonatas , they probably saw themselves forced to settle down and occupied large parts of Thrace, the European hinterland of the Hellespont. The rival tribes and princes of the Thracians, especially since the death of Seuthes III. , were unable to prevent the Celts from establishing themselves in their area. Several Celts from Tylis later came to Asia Minor as mercenaries, where they were able to establish some dominions in Anatolia as " Galatians ".
If the localization of Tylis with Tulovo is correct, it was near Seuthopolis , once the most powerful city of the Thracians, which must now have fallen behind compared to the Celtic city. Because the Celts were able to extend their power to the Bosporus and thereby oblige Byzantium to pay annual tributes. In order to raise this, Byzantion imposed a duty on all ships that wanted to cross the Bosporus, which 220 BC. Started a war with Rhodes , in which Prusias I of Bithynia was also involved. However, the power of the Celts of Tylis was so strong that their king Kauaros was able to convey a peace. Kauaros was the last king of Tylis, the rule of the Celts became after a rising of the Thracians against 212 BC. Ended and the city destroyed.
literature
- Hermann Bengtson : News on the history of Hellenism in Thrace and in Dobruja. In: Historia. Ancient History Journal . 11: 18-28 (1962).
- M. Domaradzki: L'état des Keltes en Thrace avec capitale Tylis et en Asie Mineure-Galatia. In: Pulpudeva. 3: 52-56 (1980).
- John D. Grainger: Antiochus III in Thrace. In: Historia. Ancient History Journal. 45: 329-343 (1996).
- Iris von Bredow : Tyle 1. In: Der Neue Pauly (DNP). Volume 12/1, Metzler, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-476-01482-7 , Sp. 940.