Strandscha
| Strandscha | |
|---|---|
 Strandscha Mountains in Bulgaria and Turkey. |
|
 The Strandscha Mountains from Papija peak |
|
| Highest peak | Mahya Dağı ( 1031 m ) |
| location | Bulgaria / Turkey |
| Coordinates | 41 ° 47 ′ N , 27 ° 36 ′ E |
| rock | Gneiss and granite |
 The Sredoka Reserve in the mountains |
|
Strandscha ( Bulgarian Странджа , international transliteration Strandža , Turkish Yıldız Dağları or Istranca Dağları , also transliterated as Strandzha , Strandja or Stranja ) is a mountain range in Southeastern Europe . It extends in southeast Bulgaria and the north of European Turkey and belongs to the Thrace landscape . The mountain core of the mountain range, which extends in a north-west-south-east direction, consists of gneiss and granite and is partly covered by tertiary layers.
The highest mountain is the Mahya Dağı (Bulgarian връх Махиада / vrach Machiada ) with a height of 1031 m in Turkey. Most of the Bulgarian Strandscha was declared a nature park in 1995 and forms the largest protected area in Bulgaria.
geography
The beach Saddle Mountains is in common with the middle Tundzha -Tal and Sakar (bulg. -Gebirge the mountain basin transition zone Сакаро-Стрнджанска подобласт / podoblast Sakarsko-Strandianska ) of the Balkan Mountains expected, although the " altkristallinen " rocks of Rhodope - Mountain range continues. The mountains, which reach up to the Bosporus , are in almost all parts severely divided and divided by a network of rivers.
The breakthrough valley of the Tundscha separates the Sakar Mountains (summit Wischegrad 856 m ) in the west , which in turn has a foothill in the north in the up to 600 m high Manastir hills (Bulgarian Манастирски възвишения / Manastirski waswischenija ). East of the Tundscha breakthrough, the Popowska reka river separates the Derwent elevations (Bulgarian Девентски възвишения / Derwentski waswischenija , up to 555 m high) from the central area of the Strandscha. In the northeast, the Bosna mountainous region separates itself from it , with the Weleka valley representing the dividing line in the south. In the north, the mountainous region extends to the Gulf of Burgas , the Burgas lake landscape and the Burgas plain . The northernmost branch there is the Tscheni Wrach mountain range with the Schiloto summit ( 209 m ). In the west, the mountain region is bounded by the valley of the Rossen River. To the east of this is the 376 m ( Bakarlak ) high chain of hills Meden rid .
In the east the mountains border on the Black Sea . The coastal area is characterized by a complex of sea terraces, a strongly rugged rocky coast and a multitude of limanes , which alternate with larger and smaller sandy beaches. The peninsulas between the bays along the Bulgarian coast are characterized by in part a steep coast that slopes vertically into the sea and is difficult to access (→ cliff coast ).
The highest point of the Strandscha is called Mahya Dağı and lies between Vize and Malko Tarnowo . To the south and southwest of the beach Sha-mountain range slopes gently to the hills and basins of the Ergene -Tales with its Eocene limestone - and marl formations from, one of Neogene strata filled and subsequently zertalten sink . The Ergene, which flows into the Mariza north of İpsala , is joined by a series of parallel rivers from the north by the Strandscha. Their valleys are flat and wide depressions, so that a slightly undulating surface prevails. In the west, the junior plateau extends so far that the eastern edge of the Rhodope Mountains begins. The up to 10 km wide plain on the lower Mariza forms a part of the Riedelland furrowed by wide valleys. To the east of the Mariza Delta rises near Enez the hill country of Hisarh Dag ( 385 m ) made up of volcanic rocks .
Other rivers that have their source in the Strandscha Mountains are the Sredizka ( Средецка ), Ropotamo , Resowska ( Резовска река ), Fakijska ( Факийска река ).
The great east north-south migration route of migratory birds , the Via Pontica, runs over the mountains . A variety of protected migratory and migratory birds (including cormorants , pelicans , night herons , shovelers , ibises , gray herons , great crested grebes , old world vultures ) can be observed throughout the mountains and especially on the coast, and not only during migration .
The endemic plant species Veronica turrilliana , Anthemis jordanovii , Silene caliacrae and Aurinia uechtritziana, as well as rare and protected species such as the Pontic rhododendron and in the Arkutino ( Аркутино ) nature reserve, the white water lily, which is rare in southeastern Europe, grow in these Bulgarian mountains .
Gelberde soils predominate .
Strandscha Nature Park
The "Strandscha Nature Park" includes almost the entire mountain range on the Bulgarian side. With its area of 1116 km², the nature park occupies almost 1% of the country's territory, making it the largest protected area in Bulgaria. The park contains five reserves: Silkosija ( Силкосия ) , Witanowo ( Витаново ) , Sredoka ( Средока ) , Tisowica ( Тисовица ) and Usunbodschak ( Узунбоджак ) (also Lopuschniza ( Лопушница ) called). The Silkosija Reserve is the oldest reserve in Bulgaria. The decision to make Silkosija a reserve was taken on July 23, 1931. In 1977 Usunbodschak was included in the UNESCO list for biosphere reserves of the “Man and Biosphere” network.
In addition to the reserves, there are 14 other nature reserves, including Arkutino ( Аркутино ) and Silistar ( Силистар ).
A special feature of the nature park are the relic plants from the Tertiary period, such as the symbol of the park, the pontic rhododendron . About 80 percent of the nature park consists of forests, including primeval forests of beech and sessile oak .
The Bulgarian Supreme Administrative Court revoked the status of the Strandscha as a nature park by order No. 6794 of June 29, 2007. This decision led to protests by Bulgarian conservationists in the summer of 2007 who tried to prevent further development in the Bulgarian Black Sea areas. As a result, the Bulgarian National Assembly passed a law that made the judicial rededication of protected areas impossible and thus received the status of the Strandscha as a nature park. On July 17, 2007, the Bulgarian Parliament passed a new law for the Protected Areas and restored the status of the nature park. A new ruling by the Supreme Administrative Court in early 2014 questions the existence of the protected area again in some cases.
Further protests led to the opaque decisions to build the Burgas-Alexandroupolis oil pipeline that was supposed to cross the nature park. However, the construction of the pipeline was stopped in early 2012.
History and sights
.jpg)
The mountains are one of the oldest populated areas in Europe and were known in prehistory , antiquity and in the Middle Ages for their copper and gold mines . Thousands of archaeological finds in all the mountains (u. A. Megalithic tombs and dolmens ) bear witness to an ancient megalithic and varied history. The mountains are littered with ruins of Thracian , Celtic , Roman and ancient Greek origins. The Romans built the Via Pontica (also known as the coastal road) through the mountains, along the coast, probably on an existing route that the Persian Great King Darius I had already taken . After the Persian invasion was fought off, the mountains became the center of the Thracian Odrysen Empire .
Numerous legends about the origin and history of the mountains have been handed down. According to a legend, an Egyptian princess is said to be buried in the mountains. The ritual of fire dances enjoys a special status . The custom of the Nestinari , as the fire dancers are called in Bulgaria, is unique in Southeastern Europe.
In 1903 the short-lived Strandscha republic came into being during the Ilinden-Preobraschenie uprising .
Since 2004, the mountain range has given its name to the Strandscha Glacier on Livingston Island in Antarctica.
Web links
- Park Strandscha (official site in Bulgarian)
- Park Strandscha
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Peter Soustal: Thrace (Thrace, Rhodope and Haimimontos). Tabula Imperii Byzantini Volume 6, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-7001-1898-8 , pp. 53–55.
- ↑ Strandschagebirge Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (closely)
- ↑ Cf.: Sozopol Municipality: Development plan of the Sozopol Municipality for the period 2007-2013. (Doc file) (No longer available online.) Website of the Burgas Provincial Administration, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 6, 2012 (Bulgarian). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; General information about the Sozopol municipality. Burgas Provincial Administration website, accessed June 6, 2012 (Bulgarian).
- ↑ Website of the nature park ( Memento des Originals from February 22nd, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Bulgarian)
- ^ Hermann, Friedrich (1936): The plant cover of the Strandsha Mountains. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis, supplement 87. - Dahlem near Berlin, 103 pp.
- ↑ Information about the nature park and the dispute Archived copy ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Structure of the nature park Archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Page of the responsible ministry Archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Usunbodschak in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List (English; name transcribed in French as Ouzounboudjak )
- ↑ Resolution No. 6794 of June 29, 2007 ( Memento of the original of July 2, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from the Supreme Administrative Court
- ↑ Radio Bulgaria: And again the Strandscha Nature Park is calling
