Type approval (construction)

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Excerpt (sectional drawing) from the type statics and type approval of the type building of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Zeitgenösses Bauen eV for the small settlement type " SH KS 106 " from 1977

Type approvals are intended as an administrative simplification for structures that are to be erected in the same version at several locations. The type approval was previously included in the state building regulations of most federal states. In some federal states they were used very intensively. In Schleswig-Holstein, for example, around 75,000 model buildings were built by the consortium for contemporary building eV by 1996 with type planning, type statics and type approval. Type approvals from other federal states were (and are) recognized among each other.

The importance of the type approval dwindled, among other things due to the easing pressure on the housing markets in the early 2000s and was recently only z. B. used by prefabricated houses - or wind turbine manufacturers. The type approval was gradually removed from the state building regulations for pending amendments.

With increasing construction and building costs increases, the interest in simplified approval procedures, especially for serial construction methods or type buildings for the segment of affordable living space, was rekindled in the specialist discussion.

Type approval currently

On February 22, 2019 , the Federal German Building Ministers' Conference decided to include type approval for structural systems in the Model Building Code (MBO).

The new §72a MBO regulates that structural systems that are to be erected in the same design at several locations can be granted a type approval upon application by the authority responsible under state law if the structural systems or parts of structural systems meet the requirements of this Law or regulations issued on the basis of this law. A type approval can also be granted for structures that are to be built in different designs, but according to a specific system and from specific components at several locations. A type approval cannot be granted for "temporary structures".

Type approvals do not release you from the obligation that a building inspection procedure has to be carried out anyway . In this case, only the questions already decided in the type approval no longer have to be examined by the building supervisory authority.

Some federal states have already decided if they (such as Hamburg ) do not ( yet) (still) introduce the type approval in their state building regulations (such as Schleswig-Holstein by 2009). This instrument is intended to promote the construction of typified buildings or the use of modular or serial construction methods (especially in residential construction).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Working group for contemporary building e. V. (Ed.): Series of publications Bauen in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 39: “Small settlement drafts SH-KS”; Kiel 1978
  2. ↑ z. B. State Building Regulations for the State of Schleswig-Holstein (LBO) in the version dated July 11, 1994 (Section 81 type approval)
  3. ↑ Working group for contemporary building eV (Ed.): "Situation of the building industry" (1949–1951) Bulletin: Issues No. 12, No. 14, No. 20, No. 22, No. 24, No. 30, No. 44; Construction activity in Schleswig-Holstein (1953–1958) Bulletin: Issues No. 47, No. 50, No. 57, No. 61; Issue 67; Kiel, 1949-1959; Reports from ARGE // eV to the Schleswig-Holstein State Government, Kiel, 1947 to 2020
  4. ^ Working group for contemporary building eV (Ed.): Walberg, Dietmar; Gniechwitz, Timo; Halstenberg, Michael; Günther, Matthias: Cost Drivers for Housing Construction - Investigation and consideration of the most important influencing factors on the production costs and the current cost development of housing in Germany ; Building research report No. 67, Kiel 2015 ISBN 978-3-939268-29-1
  5. ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (Ed.): Report of the Building Cost Reduction Commission within the framework of the Alliance for Affordable Housing and Building (final report November 2015), Berlin 2015
  6. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the building ministers' conference on February 22, 2019 in Berlin, p. 10 ff.
  7. ↑ Hamburgische Bauordnung (HBauO) of December 14, 2005, last amended by Article 2 of the law of February 20, 2020 (§65 type approval)
  8. ↑ e.g. §66 BauO NRW 2018 - Building Regulations for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (State Building Regulations 2018 - BauO NRW 2018) § 66 BauO NRW 2018 - Type approval, referential building permit