Small settlement
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In German law, a small settlement is a residential building with a kitchen garden and agricultural sideline jobs.
history
In view of the housing shortage, the idea of setting up small settlements came up as early as the Weimar Republic . This idea was closely linked to the garden city movement in Germany and was initially developed further by architects such as Hermann Muthesius and later by personalities such as Bruno Taut into a generally applicable variant of social housing . Small settlements were also a job creation measure . For the National Socialists , owning a home became a key political goal. The small settlement for the worker, consisting of homesteads or small settlements, was particularly promoted. In the German Reich 1933-1945 100,000 small settlements were established. Located on the outskirts of cities, many survived the aerial warfare . In Berlin alone , three are preserved in Spandau , Zehlendorf and Reinickendorf . A revealing example - also for the "beautification" - is Surheide (Bremerhaven) .
After the Second World War , the construction of small settlements in West Germany was specifically promoted as part of housing programs in order to facilitate the creation of living space with the creation of (residential) property and - especially until the end of the 1950s - with the aim of self-sufficiency for the population in To connect times of crisis. These small settlements were usually created within the framework of organized group self-help . In Schleswig-Holstein - for example - over 35,000 (subsidized, over 75,000 freely financed) small settlements were operated up to the 1990s according to the type drafts (combined with type approvals ) of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Zeitgenösses Bauen eV (but also in all other federal states on different sizes ) has been realized. The small settlements, equipped with smaller plots from the 1970s, because the self-sufficiency concept no longer played a role with the increasing time lag to the war.
In the building use ordinance (BauNVO) in so-called small settlement areas regulated and urban planning.
The older small settlements are nowadays no longer entirely up-to-date in terms of space-saving construction - many of the small settlements, some of which have very large plots, are being structurally densified today . Small settlements are often organized in settler communities under the umbrella of the German Settlers Union and maintain a more or less pronounced social community. Small settlements are early forms of social or group housing projects .
Web links
literature
- Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning V. (IRS) (Ed.): Organized group self-help in building your own home , Berlin, 1996 ISBN 3-9804917-0-6 .
- Ministry for Urban Development, Housing and Transport Brandenburg (Ed.): " Organized group self-help " in: Sustainable Housing in the State of Brandenburg , Potsdam 2000.
- Federal Minister for Regional Planning, Construction and Städtebau (ed.): Documentation and cross-sectional investigation of the model projects in the research focus "Organized group self-help in home construction ", Bonn 1991.
- Hater, Katrin: Organized group self-help 1945-1956 in North Rhine-Westphalia . In: Siedlung 1992 , pp. 157–278.
- Working group for contemporary building eV (Ed.): Through self-help to own home ; Volume 11 of the series "Building in Schleswig-Holstein" ; Kiel 1950.
- Working group for contemporary building eV (ed.): Series of publications Bauen in Schleswig-Holstein, issue 38: "Small settlement drafts SH-KS - on the provisions on the promotion of small settlements from April 5th, 1973"; Kiel 1973
- Working group for contemporary building eV (Ed.): Series of publications Building in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 39: "Small settlement designs SH-KS"; Kiel 1978
Individual evidence
- ↑ Working group for contemporary building e. V. (Ed.): Series of publications Bauen in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 39: “Small settlement drafts SH-KS”; Kiel 1978
- ^ Hermann Muthesius: Small house and small settlement. Munich 1918
- ↑ 3. Report of the Reich Commissioner for the suburban small settlement
- ↑ Julia Gill: Individualization as Standard: About the discomfort with the prefabricated house architecture
- ↑ Housing construction in the Nazi era Unknown legacy (Berlin tenants' association)
- ↑ Bernd Stöver: History of Berlin (2010)
- ↑ Working group for contemporary building eV (Ed.): "Situation of the building industry" (1949–1951) Bulletin: Issues No. 12, No. 14, No. 20, No. 22, No. 24, No. 30, No. 44; Construction activity in Schleswig-Holstein (1953–1958) Bulletin: Issues No. 47, No. 50, No. 57, No. 61; Issue 67; Kiel, 1949-1959; Reports from ARGE // eV to the Schleswig-Holstein State Government, Kiel, 1947 to 2020
- ↑ z. B .: Working group for contemporary building eV (ed.): Series of publications Building in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 13: Apartment types 1951 for the priority program and self-help. Kiel 1951
- ↑ Federal Minister for Regional Planning, Construction and Städtebau (ed.): Documentation and cross-sectional investigation of the model projects in the research focus "Organized group self-help in home construction ", Bonn 1991.
- ↑ Working group for contemporary building eV (ed.): Building in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 11: By self-help to own home. Kiel 1950
- ^ Working group for contemporary building eV (ed.): Series of publications Building in Schleswig-Holstein, Issue 39: "Small settlement designs SH-KS"; Kiel 1978
- ↑ Astrid Holz, Dietmar Walberg, Rüdiger Muus: 6.3 Personal contribution / self-help / group self-help - forms of self-help. In: Guide to group housing projects and innovative living concepts. Edited by the Working Group for Contemporary Building eV Kiel 2015; ISBN 978-3-939268-22-2 , p. 103 ff