Housing program
Housing programs are complex housing investment programs that i. d. Usually issued by the states , federal states or municipalities . What all programs have in common is that the trigger is a lack of housing that is no longer socially acceptable, because associated social or ethnic conflicts could grow into problems for society as a whole, and the problem cannot be solved through private initiatives. Social housing is a special form .
features
The housing issue and public health were seen to be closely linked at the beginning of the 20th century, so that the communities could address the problem. a. by creating living space using public funds and going hand in hand with non-profit housing . Carriers of the non-profit housing construction were u. a. public employers (civil servants' apartments), building associations and cooperatives, welfare companies , private employers (company apartments ) and municipal construction companies or as self-help organizations. Housing shortage was explained by the general increase in the population and the influx of people into the cities.
The triggers for housing programs were or can be B. massive destruction of living space through wars or natural disasters ; but also the housing shortage caused by long-term undesirable development or neglect in maintaining and building new housing. Economic crises and recessions can also paralyze activities on the housing market to such an extent that large-scale housing programs are later necessary. Another reason for the greater housing shortage are refugee and displaced persons and the like. a. Migration processes , unless they can be prepared or absorbed by suitable measures.
On the other hand, housing programs were also implemented in phases of economic upswing, since on the one hand the increased prosperity required more and better housing options and on the other hand the funds were also available.
Examples
Housing programs have been launched in various countries of all types of society since the beginning of industrialization at the end of the 19th century. B .:
- in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the large-scale construction of so-called tenement barracks in the new metropolises of the industrialized countries;
- Hessen ( Germany ): from 1926 to 1930 the New Frankfurt ;
- Germany: in the Nazi regime there was also a state housing program, headed by Robert Ley during World War II . After the war, he was to head the comprehensive "Social Housing Program" that Hitler announced on November 15, 1940.
- Canada : In 1935, after the Depression, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King started various aid programs, including a National Housing Program; there is still a government-sponsored housing program in Fort Franklin today, see Bearlake ;
- USA : 1937 originated Farm Security Administration as part of President Roosevelt's policy of New Deal , which also pursued housing programs for poor farmers;
- Great Britain : 1951 Winston Churchill's Conservative Party won u. a. the elections, as he promised to continue the Labor Party's state housing program ;
- Romania : In order to be able to meet the strong demand for housing, the socialist government began an extensive housing construction program after the Second World War, and Bucharest became a huge construction site, especially in the peripheral areas. The city area tripled in this time to 21,700 hectares.
- Federal Republic of Germany in Schleswig-Holstein ; in 1949 the ERP program 10,000 refugee apartments, as the largest housing construction program of its kind in West Germany
- Federal Republic of Germany : in the 1950s and 1960s one built u. a. so-called "relief cities", e.g. B. Neuperlach ;
- France : After the hard winter of 1953/54, a national housing construction program worth several billion francs was set in motion. a. Abbé Pierre ;
- Sweden : 1965–1975 the “ million dollar program ” s. a. Helsingborg , Drottninghög
- GDR : 1972–1990 the housing construction program as the core of the social policy program of the SED and the state;
- Ecuador : Political parties also advertise housing programs in 2007, cf. a. Partido Renovador Institucional Acción Nacional , Álvaro Noboa ;
- Berlin : Between 1925 and 1931, over 160,000 new apartments were built in the Weimar Republic . Some of the Berlin Modernism settlements that arose in the process are recognized as World Heritage Sites .
Individual evidence
- ^ Everyman's Lexicon in ten volumes , Hermann Klemm AG Publishing House, Berlin-Grunewald 1931, Volume 10, p. 200
- ↑ Der Volksbrockhaus AZ , F. A. Brockhaus / Leipzig 1943, p. 775
- ↑ http://www.luise-berlin.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/4_15_stpl20er.htm