Million program
The million program ( Swedish miljonprogrammet ) was a building program of the Swedish government. It got its name from the aim of building around one million new apartments within ten years (between 1965 and 1975).
background
In the 1950s and 1960s, Sweden experienced an unprecedented economic boom that led to the establishment of the welfare state . On the one hand, this economic upswing brought with it a strong population growth and, on the other hand, increased the population's demand for larger and better living space, as the previous standard in Sweden was comparatively low. In order to remedy the shortage of living space, the government decided to build one million new apartments with a population of less than 8 million at the time. The new apartments were often built in satellite cities in the 1960s and 1970s . Initially, the apartments were well received by the population due to the increased living standards and the modern room architecture; but soon critical voices were voiced, pointing to the negative social consequences of this construction method. After building the planned number, the program expired in 1974.
consequences
Today, many of these residential areas, which were so modern at the time, are neglected, and some have become socially disadvantaged. One of the greatest challenges is ethnic and socio-economic segregation. With the departure of the original residents, immigrants and people affected by poverty settled in the residential centers . Over time, some of these areas have been characterized by high unemployment, high crime and poor educational results. An extreme example is the Rosengård district in Malmö , but Stockholm and other large cities also have a number of such districts (such as Rinkeby-Kista ). Since the people of non-Swedish descent were among themselves, the integration of these was and is made considerably more difficult. Nonetheless, there have been increasing voices lately in favor of preserving these residential areas as monuments .
Several settlements in the million dollar program were affected by the 2013 riots in Stockholm .
Settlements (selection)
- Rinkeby in the district Rinkeby-Kista in Stockholm
- Husby in the district Rinkeby-Kista in Stockholm
- Tensta in the district Rinkeby-Kista in Stockholm
- Skärholmen in the district Skärholmen in Stockholm
- Bredäng in the district Skärholmen in Stockholm
- Vårberg in the district Skärholmen in Stockholm
- Norsborg in Botkyrka
- Tumba in Botkyrka
- Fittja in Botkyrka
- Hagalund in Solna
- Gunnared och Hammarkullen in Angered in Gothenburg
- Bergsjön in Gothenburg
- Biskopsgården in Gothenburg
- Rosengård in Malmö
- Lindägen in Malmö
- Frederiksdal in Helsingborg
- Hageby in Norrköping
- Johannelund in Linköping
- Råslätt in Jönköping
- Flogsta in Uppsala
- Licensed in Östersund
- Ålidhem in Umeå
Individual evidence
- ^ Rudolf Hermann: Imbalances through overregulation: Sweden's housing market in a vicious circle . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . ISSN 0376-6829 ( nzz.ch [accessed September 29, 2016]).
- ^ Matthias Daum: Switzerland: Model Sweden? In: The time . June 10, 2013, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed September 29, 2016]).
- ^ Sveriges Radio: Millions program expires - Radio Sweden. In: sverigesradio.se. October 17, 2011, accessed July 24, 2018 .
- ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg Germany: Integration in Sweden: Warm jackets at the airport. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved September 29, 2016 .
- ^ Ola Broms Wessel: Living with foresight - Large housing estates as an opportunity: Ecological-social revitalization of Swedish post-war settlements. In: IBA symposium: Living with foresight - large housing estates as an opportunity. Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment in Berlin, accessed on September 28, 2016 .