Shore wren

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Shore wren
Thryothorus semibadius (Riverside Wren) (10657396044) (2) .jpg

Shore wren ( Cantorchilus semibadius )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cantorchilus
Type : Shore wren
Scientific name
Cantorchilus semibadius
( Salvin , 1870)

The bank Wren ( Cantorchilus semibadius ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) in Costa Rica and Panama is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The shore wren reaches a body length of about 13.0 to 14.0 cm with a weight of 17.0 g. The upper area of ​​the reins and the upper area of ​​the over-eye stripe are black, the lower rein and over-eye stripes are white. The ear covers and the side of the throat are matt black with white speckles. The top of the head is orange-brown, the neck, back and rump are maroon. The shoulders and the elytra are blackish gray with narrow grayish white stripes. The wings of the hand and the wings are orange-brown with blackish stripes. The matt black control springs are criss-crossed with yellow-brown- white bands. The chin is gray, the throat to the rump whitish gray with narrow black stripes. The base color becomes more yellow-brown towards the rear. The eyes are light reddish brown, the upper beak black, the lower beak gray and the legs dull gray. Both sexes are similar. Young birds differ from adult birds in that they are duller in color, the fine blackish scales on the top of the head and the less clearly drawn stripes on the underside. The eyes are dull brown.

Behavior and nutrition

Beetles , cockroach eggs , spiders and earwigs were found in the stomach contents of the bank wren . Larger insects are broken up into smaller pieces by him before he eats them. Most of the time he is in pairs or family groups when looking for food in the lower strata . Occasionally it moves in mixed groups near swarms of ants, but it does not always follow the tracks of the working ants. Despite its tendency towards watercourses, it does not seek its prey near the banks.

Vocalizations

The song of the bank wren, which is given by both sexes, consists of loud, ringing phrases consisting of one to four tones. He utters this constantly, changes to another phrase, which he then repeats again and again. Young animals emit a different chant, which sounds like a long medley of deep, sweet sounding tones. Its sounds include rough churrs and various clear clinking tones.

Reproduction

The river wren's breeding season is lengthy. Eggs were discovered in Costa Rica in February, July, August and December. The nest is believed to be built by both sexes. He uses fine fiber material for construction, with a little moss on the roof. It has a spherical structure with a deeper indentation to fit on a branch. This is constructed with a vestibule that is separate from the brood chamber. The nest has a side entrance that is directed downwards and leads into the anteroom. He places it relatively deep, 1.5 to 2.2 meters above the ground, regularly over running water. The sleeping nests are much simpler in their construction. A clutch consists of two white eggs with fine, light brown and cinnamon-colored spots, which are usually located at the thicker end. The incubation is carried out exclusively by the female and takes 18 to 19 days. The nestlings are fed by both sexes for about 16 days. Family members stay with their parents for up to a year.

distribution and habitat

The bank wren particularly prefers the edges of watercourses, swampy forest edges and steep slopes. Here it moves at altitudes from sea level to 1200 meters. It is mostly found in the drainage areas of the Pacific from central Costa Rica south of the southern end of the Gulf of Nicoya to western Panama.

migration

It is believed that the bank wren is a resident bird .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the bank wren was in 1870 by Osbert Salvin under the scientific name Thryothorus semibadius . The type specimen was collected by Enrique Arcé in the province of Chiriquí . In 2006, Nigel Ian Mann , Frederick Keith Barker , Jefferson Alden Graves , Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann and Peter James Bramwell Slater introduced the genus Cantorchilus, which is new to science . This name is derived from "cantus" for "song" and "orkhilos ορχιλος " for "wren". The species name "semibadius" is the Latin word formation from "semi-, semis, semissis" for "half, half" and "badius" for "brown-colored".

literature

  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Riverside Wren (Cantorchilus semibadius) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Nigel Ian Mann, Frederick Keith Barker, Jefferson Alden Graves, Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann, Peter James Bramwell Slater: Molecular data delineate four genera of "Thryothorus" wrens . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 40 , no. 3 , September 1, 2006, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.04.014 (2006).
  • Osbert Salvin: On some Collections of Birds from Veragua (Part II) . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1870 . No. 6 , 1870, p. 175-219 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Shore Wren ( Cantorchilus semibadius )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  3. ^ Osbert Salvin (1870), p. 181.
  4. ↑ a b Nigel Ian Mann u. a., p. 758.
  5. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 353.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mann u. a. categorized the long-billed wren into the new genus.