Long-billed wren

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Long-billed wren
Cantorchilus longirostris -Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil-8.jpg

Long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cantorchilus
Type : Long-billed wren
Scientific name
Cantorchilus longirostris
( Vieillot , 1819)

The Long-billed Wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), which in Brazil is endemic is. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The long-billed wren reaches a body length of about 19.0 to 21.5 cm with a weight of 20.0 to 21.0 g. He has grayish reins , a dirty white eye stripe and a medium dark brown eye stripe. The ear covers and the area under the eyes are mottled dirty white and dark gray. The top of the head and the nape of the neck are very dark brown, a color that turns red on the back, where it is also indistinctly darker. The rump is reddish brown. The hand wings , the arm wings and the umbrella feathers are deep reddish brown, with narrow black stripes. The reddish brown control feathers are criss-crossed by darker, broad bands that widen towards the end. The chin is dirty white with a narrow, blackish streak of beard , the throat is pale yellow-brown to whitish. The breast is reddish yellow-brown, the belly a strong yellow-brown. The eyes are brown to reddish brown, the bill blue-gray, with the upper beak slightly darker or black. The legs are matt gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals differ from adult birds by the less clearly drawn markings on the face and the beard, the gray eyes and the shorter beak. It differs from the very similar white-eared wren ( Cantorchilus leucotis ) by its longer beak and slightly redder underside.

Behavior and nutrition

No data are available on the long-billed wren's diet. When foraging, he seems to be traveling in pairs or alone. He looks for his food in the vegetation up to five meters above the ground, but mostly under two meters.

Vocalizations

The song of the long-billed wren is loud and varied and is given by both sexes. The phrases of the males and the females differ somewhat, which then overlap in a duet. The sounds sound like choop-chip-chip , chi-wah-lii or similar. His repertoire also includes a quieter, individual song for both sexes, which is not played synchronously. The singing can change during the day. The local people believe that this is the case as a result of weather changes.

Reproduction

Young long-billed wren were observed from February to late March. Enlarged testicles were noted in an adult male in September , suggesting that breeding coincides with the local rainy season. The covered nest has a side entrance sloping downwards. He also builds simpler sleeping nests.

distribution and habitat

The long-billed wren prefers secondary forests , clearings with scrub and forest edges, tree-rich caatinga landscapes and mangroves . Locally, it occurs in abundance in large, dense Restinga landscapes, which are characterized by white sandy vegetation near the coast. It seems to be less water-loving than the white-eared wren. It moves at altitudes from sea level to 900 meters.

migration

It is believed that the long-billed wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are two known subspecies.

  • Cantorchilus longirostris bahiae ( Hellmayr , 1903) occurs in northeastern Brazil. The subspecies looks by and large paler, especially on the rump. The control feathers have wider dark bands, the underside has few transitions and is whiter. The ear covers are less speckled.
  • Cantorchilus longirostris longirostris ( Vieillot , 1819) is common in eastern Brazil.

Etymology and history of research

Thrush wren and long-billed wren at von Spix

The first description of long-billed wren was made in 1819 by Louis Pierre Vieillot under the scientific name Thryothorus longirostris . The type specimen came from the collection of Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest and was collected in Brazil. Another hide was made available to him by Guillaume Michel Jérôme Meiffren de Laugier, Baron of Chartrouse . In 2006, Nigel Ian Mann , Frederick Keith Barker , Jefferson Alden Graves , Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann and Peter James Bramwell Slater introduced the genus Cantorchilus, which is new to science . This name is derived from "cantus" for "song" and "orkhilos ορχιλος " for "wren". The species name "longirostris" is a Latin word formation from "longus" for "long" and "-rostris, rostrum" for "-beaked, beak". "Bahiae" refers to the Brazilian state of Bahia . Hellmayr had already described the subspecies under the name Thryophilus longirostris striolatus ( Spix , 1824) in 1901 , but had to establish that it is a synonym for the nominate form.

literature

  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: About some species of the genus Thryophilus . In: Negotiations of the Imperial-Royal Zoological-Botanical Society in Vienna . tape 51 , 1901, pp. 767-776 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Carl Eduard Hellmayr: Comments on Neotropical Birds . In: Journal of Ornithology . tape 51 , no. 4 , 1903, pp. 527-539 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Long-billed Wren (Cantorchilus longirostris) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Nigel Ian Mann, Frederick Keith Barker, Jefferson Alden Graves, Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann, Peter James Bramwell Slater: Molecular data delineate four genera of "Thryothorus" wrens . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 40 , no. 3 , September 1, 2006, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.04.014 (2006).
  • Johann Baptist von Spix: Avium species novae, quas in itinere per Brasiliam Annis MDCCCXVII - MDCCCXX Iussu et Auspiciis Maximiliani Josephi I. Bavariae Regis suscepto collegit et descripsit. tape 1 . Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmännl, Munich 1824 ( archive.org ).
  • Louis Pierre Vieillot: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc. Par une société de naturalistes et d'agriculteurs . tape 34 . Deterville, Paris 1819 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ A b Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1903), p. 535.
  4. ^ A b Louis Pierre Vieillot (1819), p. 56.
  5. ↑ a b Nigel Ian Mann u. a., p. 758.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 230.
  7. ↑ Johann Baptist von Spix (1824), p. 77, plate 79 Figure 2.
  8. ^ Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1901), p. 776.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Mann u. a. categorized the long-billed wren into the new genus.