Ulster Scots
Ulster-Schotten ( English : Ulster Scots , in the USA : Scotch-Irish , Ulster Scots : Ulstèr-Scotch , Irish Albanaigh Ultacha ) refers to a group of people who, starting from the Central Lowlands in Scotland and starting from the Scottish border regions of northern England in the Populated 17th century Ireland . The Presbyterians emigrated from Ireland to all areas of the British Empire, in particular to the North American colonies, the later USA. In the 18th century, Ulster Scots were the largest group of voluntary immigrants to the British North American colonies. Their language, Ulster Scots , is a separate dialect of the Scots .
history
The story of immigration from Scotland to Ireland began in 1606 with the Plantation of Ulster , a targeted settlement of Scottish settlers on the lands of dispossessed Irish nobles. The first mention of an Ulster-Scottish language comes from the year 1640. The Ulster-Scots thus got into a conflict between the Catholic Irish and the Anglican English upper class, both of whom tolerated the Scottish Presbyterians at best. While the Irish saw them as land robbers, the English excluded the Scots from any political function, land ownership was almost impossible for the Ulster Scots, collected contributions from them for the Anglican state church and made them pay special taxes. The increasing pressure on the Ulster Scots led to emigration, which was directed particularly to the North American colonies of the Empire. Over 100,000 Presbyterians moved to the 13 colonies in the sixty years prior to the American War of Independence.
In Northern Ireland
Emigrants from the Scottish Lowlands and the English border region populated all of Ireland, but were concentrated in the northern part of the island. The largest group of those who consider themselves Ulster Scots today live in Northern Ireland and the neighboring counties of Ireland. In particular, the Unionists in Northern Ireland emphasize a separate surviving Ulster-Scottish identity in Northern Ireland. For example, members of the Democratic Unionist Party occasionally give their speeches in the Northern Irish Parliament in Ulster-Scottish. The Good Friday Agreement explicitly mentions the Ulster Scots and their rights. However, no more are all Ulster Scots unionists in Northern Ireland than all Ulster Scots unionists are. An intensive cultural promotion policy since the Good Friday Agreement has resulted in significantly more people in Northern Ireland seeing themselves as Ulster Scots in 2014 than in 1998, and the general respect for this population group among Protestants and Catholics has increased.
In the USA
In the United States, 5.4 million people report having predominantly Ulster-Scottish ancestors. Immigration through Ulster Scots took place particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first settlement areas were in Pennsylvania . After the land there became scarce, they moved on to Virginia , the Carolinas, Georgia, Tennessee and Kentucky. The immigrants were among the first to migrate west across the Appalachians , so the states that were colonized in the 18th century in particular have Ulster-Scottish elements in their culture.
literature
- Patrick Griffin: The People with No Name: Ireland's Ulster Scots, America's Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689-1764. Princeton University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-691-07462-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Philipp Bell: How would a Scottish Yes vote affect Northern Ireland's Unionist politics? In: The Staggers. September 11, 2014.
- ↑ a b Patrick Griffin: The People with No Name: Ireland's Ulster Scots, America's Scots Irish, and the Creation of a British Atlantic World, 1689-1764. Princeton University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-691-07462-3 . Introduction ( Memento from December 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
- ^ "The Scots-Irish in North Carolina" ( March 19, 2015 memento in the Internet Archive ), North Carolina Museum of History, 2009.