University Square (Rostock)
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The Rostock University Square , the historical hop market, is next to the Old Market and the New Market one of the three historic marketplaces Hamburg. Today it is a pedestrian zone, it is the center of the Kröpeliner Straße , and the Breite Straße , the Schwaansche Straße and the Pädagogienstraße flow into it . In the historical sense, it is bordered by the corner of Pädagogienstrasse in the west and the Faulen Grube or Buchbinderstrasse in the east, the border with the Mittelstadt . It is part of the historic Rostock Neustadt .
history
From the end of the 12th century to the 13th century, three initially independent merchant settlements emerged on the southern bank of the Unterwarnow , the old, middle and new town, which officially merged in 1265 to form the entire town of Rostock. A market square was laid out in each sub-town and at least one church was built, in the middle town the Marienkirche , in the old town with the Petrikirche and the younger Nikolaikirche even two churches. The parish church of the Neustadt was the Jakobikirche . The market of the old town is the old market, that of the middle town is called Neuer Markt today .
The original name of the Neustadt market was Hopfenmarkt. It was directly connected to the city harbor on the Unterwarnow via Breite Strasse and Schnickmannstrasse . It owes its triangular shape, which is unusual for northern German cities, to the fact that two trade routes forked at this point when the city was founded.
After the University of Rostock was founded in 1419, the new town hall , which was located on the market square, was converted into the Auditorium Magnum , which was demolished in 1817. At the same time as the university was founded, the Collegium Philosophicum was set up in the former residence of the Bishop of Schwerin on the west side of the market. This building burned down completely in 1565. A year later the so-called White College was completed in its place , a white plastered, quite simple three-story building with five Gothic gables on the roof. The White College was demolished in 1864 because it was in disrepair and because it had long since ceased to meet the requirements of modern teaching. From 1864 to 1870, the main university building, which still exists today, was erected at its location in the neo-renaissance style. The south side of today's University Square was once dominated by Gothic gabled houses, which were originally owned by the Monastery of the Holy Cross and since the founding of the university have housed the Regentien, a type of student dormitory, and names such as "Red Lion", "Unicorn", "Wilder Mann" or "Adlersburg" wore. From the 18th century baroque, later classicist representative buildings of the Mecklenburg territorial rulers were erected at their location, all of which are still there today. These are the baroque palace with an adjoining baroque hall , the former Neue Wache with wide Doric columns and the former court of appeal. These buildings are all used by the university today. In 1821, a larger than life copper sculpture of the Rostock-born Marshal of the Wars of Liberation , Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, was erected on the square and named Blücherplatz in honor of the section between Pedagogy and Breiter Strasse .
In the nights of bombing at the end of April 1942, during which more than half of Rostock's historic city center was destroyed, the west side with the main university building and the south side with the former ducal buildings remained undamaged, while the north side between Pädagogienstrasse and Breiter Strasse was completely destroyed. A barrack built on this site during wartime was only replaced by the five-gabled house in 1986 . After the Second World War, the square and Kröpeliner Straße were named after the Soviet head of state Josef Stalin , before the former hop market was finally given its name Universitätsplatz in 1961. In the middle of the square is the fountain of joie de vivre (usually called the porn fountain , which even means that many newcomers do not know the original name), which was created in 1985 by the sculptors Jo Jastram and Reinhard Dietrich .
literature
- Ernst Münch , Ralf Mulsow: The old Rostock and its streets. Redieck & Schade, Rostock 2006, ISBN 3-934116-57-4 .
- Heinrich Trost (ed.); Gerd Baier and a (edit.): The architectural and art monuments in the Mecklenburg coastal region. Henschel, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-362-00523-3 , p. 346ff.
Web links
- Universitätsplatz City Panorama - Interactive 360 ° Panorama
Coordinates: 54 ° 5 ′ 18 ″ N , 12 ° 8 ′ 6 ″ E