Warnow (river)
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The 155 km long and partly dam-regulated Warnow is a river in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania that flows into the Baltic Sea. The catchment area of the Warnow covers 3324 km².
Surname
The name is pronounced [ˈvaʁnoː], is derived from Slavic and means crows or raven river. On the other hand, some authors suspect a name connection with the Germanic tribe of the Warnen , who probably settled in western Mecklenburg before they mostly migrated to Thuringia in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. The ancient geographer Claudius Ptolemy , who was the first to use geographic coordinates , mentions the mouth of a river called Χαλοῦσος (Latin: Chalusus) around 150 AD with dates that roughly match the Warnow.
River course
Oberwarnow
The Warnow rises in Mecklenburg in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district about 30 kilometers east of the state capital Schwerin in Grebbin - according to legend, directly under the anvil of the former village smithy.
To the north of Grebbin several ditches, including the Streitgraben, flow into the Warnow. From here the river flows in a westerly direction, through the Barniner See and then on towards Schweriner See , but without reaching it. Five kilometers from its east bank, it bends north. Behind Karnin , the Warnow forms a small breakthrough valley that is under nature protection . Then the river bends to the northeast and after a few kilometers through meadows later runs through the Mickowsee . The Warnow then makes its way through the sparsely populated Sternberg Lake District without touching any other lakes. In Weitendorf the Brüeler Bach flows into the Warnow. A deeply incised section of the river with a fast current begins east of the village. Near Groß Görnow, north of Sternberg , it cuts through a glacial moraine in a breakthrough valley up to 40 meters deep and loses eight meters in altitude between Sagsdorf and Eickhof over nine kilometers of the river. In this section it absorbs the water of the Mildenitz , which shortly before flowed through the Großer Sternberger See . This area is also under nature protection as the breakthrough valley of the Warnow and Mildenitz .
At Eickhof the valley widens again and at the village of Warnow its water level is only 2.5 meters above sea level. Then she reaches Bützow , the first town on her way so far where the fog joins her. About 15 kilometers further north, the Warnow flows through the small town of Schwaan . On the left in the direction of flow, the Beke opens behind the lift bridge in the town center . Until the 1950s there was shipping between Rostock and Schwaan . This was later discontinued because of the nature conservation area.
Then the places Damm , Pölchow and Papendorf are passed. There are several former brickworks here, in which bricks were burned and shipped for the city of Rostock and the surrounding area. In some places you can still see the remains of the loading stations, such as the so-called Warnow Hall in Papendorf, as well as a large number of peat and clay pits.
Since a weir was built on Mühlendamm in Rostock to operate watermills in the Middle Ages, this has formed the border between the freshwater river Oberwarnow and the brackish water of the Unterwarnow.
For a waterway connection planned in the 19th century from Rostock to Berlin, a lock was installed at the Mühlenstau in Rostock in 1882 . In 1895/96 the almost 37-kilometer stretch of the Oberwarnow from Rostock to Bützow and the lower course of the Nebel from the Warnow to Güstrow ( Bützow-Güstrow Canal ) were expanded to form the Warnow-Nebel waterway. In the following years there was lively summer excursion traffic on the river between Rostock, Schwaan, Bützow and Güstrow, which also became important for the Schwaan artists' colony .
In 1939 the Oberwarnow between Rostock and Bützow was straightened, but further plans in the direction of Berlin were never realized. In the 1930s, ships with a loading capacity of up to 400 tons and on to Güstrow could operate on the Oberwarnow. Even then, the freight traffic between Bützow and Güstrow was of practically no importance, nor was the traffic going up the river. Downriver on the section between Bützow and Rostock mainly sugar, sugar beet and grain were transported, some of which were shipped to the sea in Rostock. Gravel and bricks from the brickworks on the river were primarily intended for use in Rostock.
The already not strong shipping traffic continued to decline after 1945. In the mid-1960s, an excursion boat operated twice a week between Rostock and Schwaan. Otherwise, around 20 ships a year passed the Schwaan lift bridge , mainly repair ships and ships of the water police, and only very rarely cargo ships.
The city of Rostock gets its drinking water from the Warnow above the Mühlendamm. In the protection zone ordinance for the “Warnow” drinking water protection area, comprehensive restrictions on use were laid down by the Rostock District Council by decree of March 27, 1980, which are essentially still in place today. Driving on the Oberwarnow is only permitted with battery-powered motor boats as well as rowing and paddle boats. A touristic Warnow boat trip between Bützow, Schwaan and Rostock was therefore still rejected by the Ministry of the Environment in 2009. However, there are occasional trips with a small ship with an electric motor between Bützow and Schwaan.
Unterwarnow
The last part of the narrow river below the Mühlendamm from the confluence of the weir arm and the Mühlendamm lock canal to the confluence with the wide estuary north of the Petridamm was called Kleine Unterwarnow . In 1915 this arm of the river was almost completely filled in after a "New Unterwarnow" had been created east of it in 1912. On the banks of what is now the 50 meter wide stretch of water Mühlendamm-Rostocker Osthafen are the boat and club houses of some rowing, sailing, canoeing and fishing clubs.
Hydrologically, the Unterwarnow is not a flowing , but an inner coastal body of water such as förden , lagoon and lagoon because its salt content is as high as that of the Wismar Bay and higher than that of the open Baltic Sea on the Darßer Schwelle and the seaward current is low compared to others. A considerable part of the Unterwarnow can also be navigated by ocean-going ships. It stretches first in a westerly, then in a northerly direction down to the haff-like Breitling , where it widens from about 500 meters to about 3000 meters. The overseas port is here . Shortly before the Breitling, the Unterwarnow between the Hanse Messe and the port area is crossed by the Warnow tunnel, the first privately financed toll tunnel in Germany.
The connection between the Unterwarnow and the open Baltic Sea near Rostock's Warnemünde district is called Neuer Strom (sometimes also Neue Warnow ) and is a canal that was laid out in 1903 and expanded in 1958 and has had a shipping channel depth of 14.30 m since 1996. Today's Alter Strom (sometimes also known as the Alte Warnow ), known as the estuary, now closed with a dam, was an artificial fairway. It was laid out in 1423 after a storm surge in 1420 made the natural sea channel impassable.
Watershed
The Warnow source lies on the North Sea-Baltic Sea watershed . This means that the only short streams and ditches that arise on the southern side of the ridge between Grebbin and Parchim flow over the Elde and Elbe into the North Sea , while the Warnow drains into the Baltic Sea.
Federal waterway
The Oberwarnow (OWa) from the Rostock - Stralsund railway bridge (km 140.96) to the lower head of the lock on Mühlendamm and the subsequent river section Unterwarnow to the eastern end of the Rostock city port (km 143.00) with a total of two kilometers are inland waterways of the Class I federal government . From here to the open Baltic Sea, the Unterwarnow (UWa) is a federal sea waterway. The shipping routes regulations apply to Oberwarnow and Unterwarnow . The Stralsund Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible .
The Warnow was Reichswasserstraße , was not federal waterway in the section Güstrow – Südkante of the Rostock – Stralsund railway bridge (Wa-km 37.00) , as it was administered on October 1, 1989 by the water management authorities of the GDR , but not until December 25, 1993 was taken over by the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration , which is why a return transfer is excluded. In this section, it is considered to be any other body of water connected to the waterways.
tourism
The Warnow is often used by canoes and paddle boats - both on day trips and on tours lasting several days that can also be extended to the tributaries (e.g. to Sternberg via the Mildenitz ). There are several resting places for water hikers and campsites along the Warnow .
The Unterwarnow is the home of many sailors. In addition to dinghy sailors, the Unterwarnow is home to numerous small clubs and marinas.
fauna
In the river live among other eels , perch , pike , carp , trout , catfish and perch . Not only on the Unterwarnow you can see numerous anglers on the banks of the river every year. For some years now, beavers have also recaptured their old habitat.
Tributaries
- Mildenitz flows a few hundred meters north of Sternberger Burg
- Nebel , flows out at Bützow
- Zarnow , flows behind Reez
- Brüeler Bach , flows into Weitendorf
- Beke , ends at Schwaan
- Kösterbeck , flows into Kessin
- Carbäk (flows into the Unterwarnow)
- Schmarler Bach (flows into the Unterwarnow)
- Peezer Bach (flows into the Breitling)
- Moorgraben (flows into the Breitling)
literature
- Fred Ruchhöft: From Grebbin to Warnemünde. A cultural-historical walk along the Warnow (= history, architecture, art. Contributions to the cultural landscapes of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, vol. 1). Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-940207-00-5 .
- Martin Eckoldt (Ed.): Rivers and canals. The history of the German waterways. DSV-Verlag Busse Seewald, Hamburg 1998, ISBN 3-88412-243-6 .
- Susanne Menning and Dorit Gätjen: Left and right of the Warnow. A travel guide through a north German river landscape . Hinstorff Verlag , Rostock 2000, ISBN 3-356-00852-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Coastal Area of the Baltic Sea 2005. (PDF) State Office for Environment and Nature Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, accessed on October 4, 2017 (German, at: dgj.de).
- ↑ 2004 inventory according to the Water Framework Directive in the Warnow / Peene river basin district, State Office for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; Guestrow 2005; Page 5; On: ikzm-d.de (pdf; 1.7 MB)
- ^ Paul Kühnel: The Slavic place names in Meklenburg. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 46, 1881, ISSN 0259-7772 , pp. 3-168, here p. 154.
- ^ Claudius Ptolemaios: Geographike Hyphegesis , chap. 11: Germania Magna . (analytical extract, ancient Greek / Latin / English)
- ↑ [1] Special places: Grebbin
- ↑ Detlef Hamer, Joachim Lehmann, Rostock, as it was , Droste , Düsseldorf 1992, p. 35.
- ↑ Artist colonies in Europe , ed. by Matthias Hamann and Ruth Negendanck, Verlag des Germanisches Nationalmuseums, 2001, p. 128.
- ^ Kurt Kühl, The seaside cities of Rostock and Wismar in the Baltic Sea traffic. , Holst, 1939, p. 29.
- ^ Scientific journal of the University of Rostock: Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, Volume 15 (1966), p. 1027.
- ↑ Hans-Jürgen Kowalzik: Off for Warnow shipping. SVZ, May 27, 2009 Off for Warnow shipping ( memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
- ^ Passenger shipping between Schwaan and Bützow. ( Memento of the original from June 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 24, 2016.
- ↑ [2] waters typology according to EU - Water Framework Directive : To Map 1.5 counts the Unterwarnow neither rivers nor lakes of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
- ↑ Images and profile measurements for the coastal water report from January to July 2005 ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Measurement of salinity and currents of the Unterwarnow
- ↑ Pharus city map 1925
- ↑ on the history of the old river in Deutsche Leuchtfeuer ( Memento from July 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Directory E, serial no. 61 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Chronicle of the legal status of the Reich waterways / inland waterways of the Federation in the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany after October 3, 1990. In: gdws.wsv.bund.de. February 2013, p. 82 , accessed on May 11, 2020 .
