Untermarkt (Görlitz)
| Submarket | |
|---|---|
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 View of the Lower Market from the town hall tower towards the northeast |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Goerlitz |
| District | Görlitz old town |
| Created | around 1200 |
| Confluent streets | Brüderstrasse , Jüdenstrasse, Langenstrasse, Neißstrasse, Peterstrasse, Weberstrasse |
| Buildings | Brauner Hirsch , Frenzelhof , Flüsterbogen , Golden Tree , Town Hall , Town Hall Pharmacy , Schönhof , Libra |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Space design | Fountain of Neptune |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | approx. 5600 m² (including the area of the row) |
The Görlitzer Untermarkt is the central square in the old town . The town hall and with it the majority of the administration have always had their seat on this square. The square is divided into a northern and a southern part by the central development.
History and development
The original name of this square, first mentioned in 1305, is simply market . In 1403 the name Niedermarkt appears in the archives. The name Ring , which existed between 1340 and approx. 1600, probably came from Silesian . The part north of the line separating the square was sometimes also called the old market , fish market or herring market .
The country folk who sold were mainly in the northern part of the square, while the craftsmen were in the southern part. It was not until 1864 that the weekly market moved to Elisabethstrasse .
As already mentioned, the block of houses in the middle of the square bears the name row or middle row . A passage from east to west led through this block of houses, it no longer exists today. This passage gave access to the southern grocer's. Later the houses on the south side of the square were opened, because the Reichkramer (also Würz- and Seidenkramer) had their stands on the south side. On the north side, on the other hand, were the small (also called powdered) and pointed grocers, bread and shoe sellers as well as the fish and herring stalls. The Ratsapotheke was also on this side at the corner of Peterstrasse. The name Pudritzkrämer originated in 1511 and came from the name of the location of these shops. They stood above the arbor-like arches, also known as powder greens, roughly at the current location of the stock exchange . Most of these powders were made of wood or timber. In 1706 they gave way to a new administration building, the stock exchange . The stock exchange was also known as New Department Store , New House or Commission House . The merchants held their weekly meetings here. In 1714 the coats of arms of the four mayors Nicius, Knorr von Rosenroth, Moller von Mollerstein and Pauli were attached to the portal of this house. However, when the Milich Library moved in in 1784, the portal was changed again. Between 1822 and 1865 it served as a court, and later also as a police building. Today the Hotel Börse is located there .
At the southeast corner of the row is the balance . It was built in 1600 by Jonas Roskopf, son of Wendel Roskopf , on a Gothic basis from 1453. The pillars on the ground floor are crowned with stone heads, including Jonas Roskopf, master bricklayer Elias Ebermann and master weigher Andreas Wert. Until 1823 the excise was housed in the house. The trade association founded in 1831 also met there. The neighboring house to the west of the Libra was built in the baroque style. It dates from around 1725 when the house was raised to four floors above the ground floor. A latticed balcony was added, which is supported on five corbels. The central corbel is adorned with the coat of arms of the owner at the time, P. Christian Hilliger from Schneeberg.
In 1350 the city began purchasing private houses to build an administration building or town hall. Before that, important documents were stored in the parish church of St. Peter and Paul and important discussions and receptions took place in private homes. The town hall is mentioned for the first time in 1369. The wing on Brüderstraße is in parts probably the oldest part of the town hall that has survived today. In the summers of 1409 and 1410, numerous renovations took place. It was built on the town hall tower and on the gable above the town hall stairs. In order to remedy the still prevailing lack of space, the neighboring house to the north was bought in 1450. The coin was housed in it. It was preserved in its three-story state. As early as 1530, the next neighboring house on the corner at the time with Langengasse was bought. However, the town had to sell the house again in 1548 due to the financial hardship caused by the Upper Lusatian Pönfall in 1547. After the city bought it again in 1621, it was privately owned from 1634 to 1847. After the last acquisition by the city, the city council hall was set up here. The facade of the corner house from 1556 was also preserved during the last extension of the town hall via the mushroom lobes to Jüdengasse. From 1511 to 1516 the town hall tower was raised by the stonemason Albrecht Stieglitzer and the carpenter Jobst to its current height by 60 m. The upper part has a late Gothic appearance, the lower one comes from earlier times. The town hall stairs on the corner of Brüderstraße were built in 1537/38 by the famous Görlitz Renaissance master builder Wendel Roskopf. Just like the Schönhof opposite. The Justitia did not follow until 1591. In contrast, the tower-side coat of arms of the then sovereign, the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus, was installed in its current location as early as 1488.
The houses on the southern side of the Untermarkt have a continuous long-distance corridor. The Schönhof is probably the most famous building on the south side of the square. It is the oldest civil Renaissance building (1526) north of the Alps. Until around 1700 this house, like numerous other houses in Görlitz, had very high gables, but these were demolished. Inside there are still numerous ceiling decorations from the time of construction. The Schönhof was bought and renovated by the city in 1909 with the help of the state, the province, the estates and private money. The neighboring house, the Frenzelhof , also lost its gable in 1790. The Gothic gable carried, among other things, the figures of Maria with the child, George with the dragon and Joachim. The merchant Hans Frenzel (1463–1526) inherited the dilapidated brewery in 1499 from his late, wealthy father-in-law Caspar Tilicke and rebuilt it. The house adjoining to the east is known as the Golden Tree as an inn. It is famous for its simple early Renaissance facade and large atrium. Only the easternmost house on this side lost its three large arches after a decree of the city in 1853 and was dismantled towards the south.
The brown stag is on the corner of Untermarkt / Neißstraße. It is one of the largest buildings in the city. The main extension with mostly baroque forms was carried out in 1722 by Johann Christoph Pößner, whose coat of arms still adorns the house on the market side. The massive stone bases on which the columns of the arcades are supported and the twelve pilasters with the elegantly shaped capitals and the console-like bases that subdivide the facade are striking.
The Ratsapotheke moved in 1771 from the town hall on the corner of Apothekergasse to the corner building on Untermarkt / Peterstraße. On the Peterstraße side, the house has two high, simply structured gables. In the past, the market side also had a gable with a walkway. The astronomical drawings on the market side are from the year 1550 by Zacharias Scultetus, a brother of Bartholomäus Scultetus . During the last renovation of the building, the market-side portal was exposed.
Two houses to the west is the so-called Whisper Arch . It is adorned with a late Gothic arched portal that is decorated with numerous finials and edges. Thanks to this round arch and its excellent acoustic properties, it is called the Whisper Arch.
The Neptune Fountain
The Neptune Fountain is on the southern side of the square a few meters in front of the town hall or the row. It dates back to 1756 and was made by the stonemason Johann Georg Mattausch from Wenig-Rackwitz near Löwenberg. In the place of the fountain stood a tubular box "adorned with eight beautiful virtues" and a column on which a giant with the imperial coat of arms was enthroned until the 17th century. This gave way to a simple wooden chute in the 17th century.
Neptune stands elevated on the edge of the large well basin, below him, between his feet lies a fish that spits water into a kind of intermediate container in the shape of a head. The water then flows from the open mouth of this head into the fountain basin. In the vernacular of Görlitz, the fountain figure is also called Gabeljürgen .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 335 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 337 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 338 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 340 ff .
- ^ Vita mercatoris. Pp. 150–179 , accessed July 5, 2020 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 352 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 357 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 359 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 360 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 362 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the City of Görlitz, Volume 1, Half Volume 2 . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 367 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 23.7 " N , 14 ° 59 ′ 27.7" E