Ural-Altaic languages

Distribution of the Altaic and Uralic languages

The Ural-Altaic language group (also: Ural-Altaic hypothesis ) was the result of scientific research into a possible genetic relationship between the Altaic and the Uralic languages . The idea came up during the early study of the Altaic languages.

The Ural-Altaic hypothesis is now completely rejected by scientists. Nevertheless, there are a number of connections between the Uralic and Altaic languages that reveal historical ties (see also nostratic macro family ).

As early as 1730, Philipp Johann von Strahlberg described common language characteristics. Then took Rasmus Rask of the 19th century in the first third of the later Finno-Ugric languages , Turkic languages , Samoyed languages , Eskimo languages , Caucasian languages and the Basque together with the so-called "Scythian" family. The assumption of a relationship between the “Finnish” and “Turkic languages” goes back to Wilhelm Schott . The relationships observed were based on similarities in simple syllable structures , vowel harmony , suffix agglutinations, the lack of gender and the SOV position in the sentence structure .

Vowel examples

Below are some vocabulary examples:

Ural languages					Altaic languages
Finno-Ugric languages				Samoyed languages	Turkish languages					Mongolian languages	Tungus languages
Finnish	Karelian	Estonian	Hungarian		Original Turkish	Middle Turkish	Kazakh	Turkmen	Chuvash	Mongolian	Urtungusian	Lamutian
kieli tongue, language		keel tongue, language	kul , keʌ ( Khanty ) word message		* kälä speech	kälä-čü speech				kele speak kelen tongue, language	kělě woo a bride
	nolg slime	nõlg slime	nyál saliva		* nal			yaš tear	Sol	nil-bu saliva nil-bu-sun tear		nala-kča , nala-klja moist nol sweat no-hun sweat
ole- be, will			full		wol- , bol- , ol-						o be, will
			forog turn around				make or-t jumps, run back and forth			(h) orči turn

The Altaic languages include the Turkish , Mongolian and Tungus languages . The Uralic languages include the Finno-Ugric languages and the Samoyed languages .

literature

Björn Collinder : Ural-Altaic. In Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher , XXIV, (1952), pp. 1–26.
Björn Collinder: Does the Ural have relatives? A comparative study of languages. Uppsala 1965.
Martti Räsänen: Uralalta word research. Helsinki 1955
Gustaf John Ramstedt: The relation of the Altaic languages to other language groups. In Finnish-Ugric Research , Vol. LIII, 1946-1947, pp. 15-26

Web links

Pentti Aalto: Ural and Altaic. Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher 41, Wiesbaden (1969), pp. 323–334 [1]
Societas Uralo-Altaica eV

Individual evidence

^ Peter B. Golden An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , p. 16
↑ Philipp Johann von Strahlberg: The northern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia, as far as this includes the entire Russian Empire with Siberia and the great Tatars. Published by the author, Stockholm 1730 online
↑ Helmut Glück , Michael Rödel (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 3-4760-5486-1 , p. 739
↑ Peter B. Golden An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , p. 16 refers for numerous other examples to M. Räsänen Uralaltaische Wortforschungen , pp. 29, 24, 39, 44 etc.

[1] Peter B. Golden An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , p. 16

[2] Philipp Johann von Strahlberg: The northern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia, as far as this includes the entire Russian Empire with Siberia and the great Tatars. Published by the author, Stockholm 1730 online

[3] Helmut Glück , Michael Rödel (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 3-4760-5486-1 , p. 739

[4] Peter B. Golden An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples , p. 16 refers for numerous other examples to M. Räsänen Uralaltaische Wortforschungen , pp. 29, 24, 39, 44 etc.