Utsunomiya (clan)

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Coat of arms of the Utsunomiya

The Utsunomiya ( Japanese 宇 都 宮 氏 Utsunomiya-shi ) were a family of the Japanese sword nobility ( Buke ) , which was derived from the Kampaku Fujiwara no Michikane and was important until the end of the Sengoku period .

genealogy

A great-grandson of Michikane became a monk under the name Sōen ( 宗 円 ) and became high priest at the Utsunomiya Futarasan Shrine ( 宇 都 宮 二 荒山 神社 , now Utsunomiya ) in Shimotsuke Province . He is also said to have built the castle in Utsunomiya that served as the family seat.

  • Yoritsuna ( 頼 綱 ; 1172 / 8–1259), Sōen's great-great-grandson, was banished from his grandfather in 1194 due to his involvement in a plot, but returned after a few years and even married a daughter of the regent Hōjō Tokimasa . When Tokimasa was deposed by his son Hōjō Yoshitoki in 1205 , Yoritsuna was forced to shear his head and become a monk under the religious name Renjō ( 蓮 生 ). He learned under a student of Hōnens , the founder of the Jōdo-shū . He was friends with the famous poet Fujiwara no Sadaie , and Yoritsuna's daughter married his son Tameie , but Yoritsuna himself also distinguished himself as a poet. 39 of his poems have been preserved in the contemporary anthology Shinchokusen-wakashū .
  • Kintsuna ( 公 綱 ; 1302-1356), son of Sadatsuna ( 貞 綱 ; 1266-1316) and great-great-grandson of Yoritsuna, was sent to Kyoto by the regent Hōjō Takatoki ( 北 条 高 時 ; 1303-1333) to support the Rokuhara-Tandai . He joined the imperial side after the fall of Kamakura ( south court ) and fought under Nitta Yoshisada , where he suffered defeat and surrendered in the Battle of Hakone-Takenoshita in 1336. However, he later achieved success and was therefore appointed by the Go-Daigo - Tennō to Sakonoe no shōshō (Deputy Commander of the Life Guard on the left). Then he retired to Ōba, Mashiko , where he lived as a hermit monk named Riren ( 理 蓮 ).
  • Ujitsuna ( 氏 綱 ; 1326–1370), son of Kintsuna and a daughter of Chiba Munetane, was Shimotsuke no kami and Iyo no kami . In contrast to his father, he fought on the side of the north court and supported Ashikaga Takauji during the Kannō riots , for which he was rewarded with the post of Shugo (military governor) of Echigo and Kōzuke , who belonged to his opponent Uesugi Noriaki, but which he again belonged to Uesugi lost after he was reconciled with Takauji's son Motouji. After Motouji died young and his 9-year-old son Kantō kubō was with Noriaki as regent, Ujitsuna joined the Hei rebellion ( Musashi Heiikki ) in 1368 , which was defeated. The following year he withdrew and became a monk under the name Gensan Zenkō ( 元山 禅 綱 ).
  • Hitotsuna ( 等 綱 , also Tomotsuna ; 1420-1460), son of Mochitsuna and great-great-grandson Ujitsunas, followed his father at the age of four, later joined the Kantō kubō Ashikaga Shigeuji ( 足 利 成 氏 ; 1438? -1497) in combat against the Uesugi, who was deposed in 1455. He himself had to shave his hair, that is, renounce secular rule, and was exiled to Shirakawa in the Mutsu province .
  • Tadatsuna ( 忠 綱 ; 1496–1527), great-grandson of Hitotsuna, got help from his brother-in-law Yūki Masatomo ( 結 城 政 朝 ; 1479–1547), when his domain was in 1499 from Satake Yoshiaki ( 佐 竹 義 昭 ; 1531–1565) and Iwaki Shigekata ( 隆. 城 重 重 ; † 1569) was attacked. Instead of being grateful, he planned a conspiracy against his benefactor. This returned, put him down and replaced him with his uncle Okitsuna ( 興 綱 ; 1475–1536).
  • Hisatsuna ( 尚 綱 ; 1512-1549), Okitsuna's son, attacked his neighbor Nasu Takasuke († 1555), where he was killed in the Battle of Kitsuregawa -Saotomezaka in Shimotsuke Province. His castle was then taken by Mibu Tsunafusa.
  • Hirotsuna ( 広 綱 ; 1545–1576), Hisatsuna's son, first resided at Mooka Castle, his vassals, the Haga , after losing the family castle . In 1557 he was reinstated as prince in Utsunomiya by Satake Yoshiaki. With the advance of the (later) Hōjō he joined the general Uesugi Kenshin .
  • Kunitsuna ( 国 綱 ; 1568-1608) formed a defensive alliance against the Hōjō with the Nasu , Yūki and Satake , but had to retreat in 1585 after an offensive by the Hōjō from the lowland castle Utsunomiya to the mountain castle Taki. In 1590 he joined the siege of Odawara Toyotomi Hideyoshi , in the course of which the Hōjō were eliminated as a power factor. After a dispute with Hideyoshi's son-in-law Asano Nagamasa , Hideyoshi took his property away from him. Kunitsune tried to regain its benevolence by participating in Hideyoshishi's campaign against Korea , but this did not bear fruit with Hideyoshi's death, so that the Utsunomiya were now permanently lost their home country and castle.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Triple Tomoe ( Mitsutomoe ), whether left-handed or right-handed, is controversial in Japan.
  2. ↑ Deputy of the Shogun for the Kantō region.

literature

  • Edmond Papinot: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprint of the 1910 edition. Tuttle, 1972, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 新 川 武 紀 : 宇 都 宮 氏 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 15, 2016 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ 宇 都 宮城 . In: 日本 の 城 が わ か る 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 15, 2016 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ 田 渕 句 美 子 : 宇 都 宮 頼 綱 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 15, 2016 (Japanese).
  4. ↑ 新 川 武 紀 : 宇 都 宮 公 綱 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 13, 2016 (Japanese).
  5. ↑ 新 川 武 紀 : 宇 都 宮 氏 綱 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 13, 2016 (Japanese).
  6. ↑ 宇 都 宮 等 綱 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 15, 2016 (Japanese).
  7. ↑ 荒 川 善 夫 : 宇 都 宮 忠 綱 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 15, 2016 (Japanese).
  8. ↑ 宇 都 宮 尚 綱 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 18, 2016 (Japanese).
  9. ↑ a b 宇 都 宮 広 綱 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 18, 2016 (Japanese).
  10. ↑ 荒 川 善 夫 : 宇 都 宮 国 綱 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 18, 2016 (Japanese).