Vadstena C bracteate
The Vadstena C-Brakteat ( IK 377.1 ; Runologisch KJ 2 , Ög178 ) is a with Rune labeled Goldbrakteat from the migration period , the at östergötlandischen Vadstena was found in Sweden. A model of the same model was found near Mariedam ( IK 377.2 ) in the Swedish province of Närke .
Finding and describing
The bracteate was found under unknown circumstances in a hoard together with another, unlabelled bracteate. There it was saved from melting down and ended up in the holdings of the Historiska Museet Stockholm , from which it was stolen in 1938. However, the museum had previously had a detailed, high-quality copy (inv. No. 70) made (photo).
The C-bracteate measures 30.75 millimeters in diameter and weighs 4.803 grams, the embossed image is slightly distorted by double impact; the attached eyelet visually forms an axis. The edge is set with a braided band, which is followed on the front by a looped band that borders the picture. Shown is the typological form of the male head above a horse and a bird to the left above the head. On the back, instead of the ribbon ornament, the runic script is applied around the edge between a circle of circles. The piece is dated from the second half of the 5th century to the first quarter of the 6th century.
inscription
The left-hand inscription in the older Futhark begins on the left below the eyelet.
- ᛏᚢᚹᚨᛏᚢᚹᚨ.ᚠᚢᚦᚨᚱᚲᚷᚹ ᛬ ᚺᚾᛁᛃᛇᛒᛉᛊ ᛬ ᛏᛒᛖᛗᛚᛜ (ᛟᛞ)
- tuwatuwa.fuþarkgw: hnijïbRs: tbemlrŋ (od)
The inscription consists of two parts. First the sequence rune 1 to rune 8 tuwatuwa . As a special feature, the rune 9 is followed by a complete series of runes, which were executed with deliberately set word separators as so-called ættir (gender). The rune 22 b stands for the ᚹ rune. The second upper point in the word separator after rune 24 ᛊ is not clearly legible because it is pressed wide. Here, as in the Futhark of the rune stone of Kylver , the order of the last two runes d and o are reversed. The ᛟ rune, the regularly completes a series Futhark Rune is obscured by the eye almost completely, which ᛞ rune is entirely covered by the eyelet and decor. However, both runes are present at IK 377.2 due to the missing eyelet.
The inscription is located in the sphere of magic and magic, the spell of letters and alphabets that was widespread in antiquity. The conclusively not interpretable tuwatuwa is seen as a reduplication, which as a formula especially increases the magic power or effect and protection. A comparison is made with the sequence salusalu of the B bracteate by Lellinge Kohave ( IK 105 ).
literature
- Heinrich Beck , Karl Hauck: For the philological and historical evaluation of a new three-gods bracteat from the Muld variety, Bornholm, Denmark. (= On the iconology of the golden bracteates , LXIII). In: Frühmedalterliche Studien 36, 2002, pp. 51–94.
- Karl Hauck (Ed.): The gold bracteates of the migration period. Volume 2.1 Iconographic catalog (IK 2 text), with the collaboration of Morten Axboe , Klaus Düwel , Karl Hauck, Lutz von Padberg , Cajus Wypior. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-7705-2301-6 . P. 240f.
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Wilhelm Heizmann , Morten Axboe (Hrsg.): The gold bracteates of the migration period - evaluation and new finds. (= Supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , 40). De Gruyter, Berlin-New York 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022411-5 . (available from de Gruyter Online ). In this:
- Klaus Düwel: Letter magic and alphabet magic. On the inscriptions of the gold bracteates and their function as amulets , pp. 475–524
- Wilhelm Heizmann: The formula words of the gold bracteates , p. 525–602
- Gunter Müller : From the magic of letters to magic of names in the bracteate inscriptions, p. 317–374
- Sean Nowak: Writing on the gold bracteates of the migration period. Investigations into the shapes of the characters and the formal and content-related aspects of the inscriptions. Dissertation, Göttingen 2003 ( Download )
Web links
- Runic project University of Kiel: