Vallotti mood

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The Vallotti tuning is an unequal temperature of keyboard instruments or an unevenly floating tuning system according to Francesco Antonio Vallotti .

Characteristic

Relatively pure but clearly floating major thirds in the keys with a few accidentals, especially F major, C major and G major, contribute to the characteristics of the Vallotti temperature . The major thirds of the keys rise evenly up to a maximum of Pythagorean values, with Eb-G and A-C sharp being just as large as in the same temperature. Pythagorean major thirds occur in the distant keys of B major, F sharp major, and D flat major.

The six tempered fifths of the Vallotti temperature, with their easily audible beat, are significantly closer to the mean-tone fifth (696.6 cents) than to the equally tempered fifth (700 cents).

Mood

Vallotti's temperament consists of six fifths of 698 cents (F – C – G – D – A – E – H), tempered by 1/6 Pythagorean commas, and six perfect fifths, corresponding to 702 cents (H – F sharp – C sharp – G sharp / As – Es – B – F).

The cent values ​​of the major thirds are:

  • F-A, C-E, G-H 392 cents
  • B-D, D-F sharp, 396 cents
  • Eb – G, A – C sharp 400 cents (equal to the major third of the equal temperament)
  • E-G sharp, A-flat C 404 cents
  • B – Dis, F sharp – A sharp, D flat – F 408 cents (Pythagorean major third)

(For comparison, the pure major third: 386 cents.)

volume C. Cis D. It E. F. F sharp G G sharp A. B. H C.
Cent value 0 94 196 298 392 502 592 698 796 894 1000 1090 1200
Fifth c-g g – d there a-e e – h h – fis fis – cis c sharp – g sharp g sharp – es es – b b – f f-c
Cent distance 698 698 698 698 698 702 702 702 702 702 702 698
Triad c – e – g des – f – as
cis – ice – gis 		d – f sharp – a es – g – b e – gis – h f-a-c fis – ais – cis
ges – b – des 		g – h – d as – c – es
gis – c – dis 		a-cis-e b – d – f h – dis – fis c – e – g
Major third (c – e etc.) in cents 392 408 396 400 404 392 408 392 404 400 396 408 392
Fifths (c – g etc.) in cents 698 702 698 702 698 698 702 698 702 698 702 702 698

distribution

It is not certain to what extent this temperature was even widespread in Vallotti's time: his treatise Della Scienza Teoretica e Prattica della Moderna Musica , in which he described the temperature for the first time, is dated to 1779, a year before his death, and it did not appear until 1950 in print. It is also unknown for which music outside of Vallotti's circle it could have been important. Nevertheless, this temperature is nowadays widely used in historical performance practice . a. for the performance of works that differ greatly in time and style from Vallotti's musical environment.

Tracts

  • Francesco Antonio Vallotti: Trattato delle musica moderna. 1770.
  • Francesco Antonio Vallotti: Della Scienza Teoretica e Pratica della Moderna Musica . Manuscript Padova 1779 (published 1950; see references).

literature

  • Francesco Antonio Vallotti: Della Scienza Teoretica e Pratica della Moderna Musica [Ms. 1779] . Il messaggero di S. Antonio, Basilica del Santo, Padova 1950.
  • Mark Lindley : La "pratica ben regolata" by Francesco Antonio Vallotti. In: Rivista Italiana di Musicologia. 16, 1981, ISSN  0035-6867 , pp. 45-95.
  • Carl Sloane, Matthew J. Redsell: The Vallotti Tuning. In: Continuo. 8, May 1985, p. 7.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Pythagorean intervals are those intervals that are built up by a sequence of pure fifths. A major third, which is built up by four perfect fifths, is a syntonic comma (approx. 22 cents) larger than pure. In the Vallotti temperature this is e.g. Example, in the major third H - Dis the case, the pure by the sequence of four fifths H -FIS Cis-G sharp Dis is formed.
  2. ↑ For example (as of February 2012) during the performance of motets by Johann Sebastian Bach by the Stuttgart Chamber Choir under Frieder Bernius, the chest organ was tuned to Vallotti's temperature.

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