Persecution of Yazidis by Kurds

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The Yazidis have long been the victims of persecution by Kurds . During these persecutions, the Kurds sometimes tried to force the Yazidis to Islam. The Yazidis were almost completely wiped out by massacres committed by Kurds.

history

The Geli Ali Beg waterfall in the Kurdistan Autonomous Region in northern Iraq is named after the Yazidi prince Ali Beg, who was executed there in 1832 by the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pascha Rewanduz .

The massacre of Yazidis by Kurds is historically well documented. The Kurds persecuted the Yazidis with extreme brutality.

In 1414 many Yazidis were killed by Kurds in the Hakkari Mountains . The rest of the Yazidis there were captured by the Kurds. In the same year, Kurds also devastated the main shrine of the Yazidis Lalisch and desecrated the grave of Sheikh Adis . The Yazidis later rebuilt their Lalisch sanctuary and Sheikh Adis' tomb.

In 1585 the Yazidis in the Sinjar Mountains were attacked by the Kurds. The Kurdish prince of Botan Ali Saed Beg and his troops killed many Yazidi men in Sinjar . They then took many Yazidi women and girls prisoner there. The Yazidi women and girls were raped and kidnapped by the Kurds. The Kurds later sold many of the captured Yazidis.

In 1832 the Kurdish Prince Mohammed Pascha Rewanduz attacked the Yazidis in Khatare and began a massacre of Yazidis there. Then he moved with his troops to Shekhan and also killed Yazidis there. In another wave of persecution against Yazidis, the Kurds under the leadership of the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pascha Rewanduz attacked over 300 Yazidi villages. Over 10,000 Yazidis were kidnapped by the Kurds in Rawanduz , the hometown of Mohammed Pascha Rewanduz. The Kurds gave the captured Yazidis the opportunity to convert to Islam or to die. Many of the captured Yazidis converted to Islam, and the rest who refused were murdered. After another massacre, the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pasha Rewanduz kidnapped 500 Yazidi women and gave some of them away to chiefs, feudals and his friends in Mosul , Koya and Rawanduz.

In 1832 the Kurdish prince Bedirxan Beg also attacked Yazidis in Shekhan. Some Yazidis tried to flee to Sinjar, the rest were murdered by Kurds. The Kurds abducted Yazidis women and children, while the Yazidis male population in Shekhan was killed by Kurds. While fleeing to Sinjar, the Yazidis tried to cross the Tigris River. Some Yazidis managed to escape, but those Yazidis who could not swim were murdered by the Kurds. It is estimated that 12,000 Yazidis were killed by their persecutors on the banks of the Tigris.

In 1833 the Kurdish prince Mohammed Pascha Rewanduz began another massacre of Yazidis when he conquered the city of Akrê .

In the years 1840 to 1844 the Yazidis were repeatedly attacked by the Kurdish prince Bedirxan Beg and his troops in the Tur Abdin mountain range and killed in large numbers.

Between 1915 and 1923, approximately 300,000 Yazidis were killed by Kurds during the Armenian genocide . As a result, some Yazidis have fled to Armenia and Georgia.

Current situation

In 2003 Kurds occupied the disputed areas of Northern Iraq and thus also the Yazidis settlement areas there. According to a report by the human rights organization Human Rights Watch , the Kurds tried to assimilate the Yazidis . Some Yazidis were kidnapped and tortured by Kurdish security forces. According to a report by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , some Yazidis have accused the Kurdish government of trying to turn the Yazidi areas into Kurdish territory and to politically marginalize the Yazidis .

Since August 2014 the Yazidis have been victims of an ongoing genocide by IS . Kurds who joined IS and attacked the Yazidis also took part in this genocide. The Kurdish Peshmerga had previously fled the Sinjar region and left the Yazidis defenseless to their fate.

Kurdish perspective

Relations between the Yazidis and the Kurds were often tense. The Kurds generally regard the Yazidis as so-called "infidels". In the past, this view of the Kurds often led to massacres and forced conversions of the Yazidis.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Garnik S. Asatrian, Victoria Arakelova: The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World . Routledge, 2014, ISBN 978-1-317-54428-9 ( google.de [accessed October 2, 2019]).
  2. ^ Diane E. King: Kurdistan on the Global Stage: Kinship, Land, and Community in Iraq . Rutgers University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-0-8135-6354-1 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  3. ^ Edmund A. Ghareeb, Beth Dougherty: Historical Dictionary of Iraq . Scarecrow Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8108-6568-6 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  4. ↑ Explainer: Who are the Yazidis? Retrieved June 17, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Birgul Acikyildiz: The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion . IBTauris, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78453-216-1 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  6. ↑ The religious community of the Yezidi: woe to those who do not believe in hellfire - Qantara.de. Retrieved June 17, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Yazidis - Oxford Islamic Studies Online. In: The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Retrieved June 24, 2019 .
  8. ↑ a b Dr. Sarwar Abdulrahman Omer: Yazidi Women as Odalisques. P. 37 , accessed on June 24, 2019 (English).
  9. ↑ The Khatare massacre in March 1832. In: ÊzîdîPress. March 10, 2018, accessed June 17, 2019 (German).
  10. ↑ Wadie Jwaideh: The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development . Syracuse University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-8156-3093-7 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  11. ↑ Jemal Nebez: Kurdish Prince Mir Muhammad AL-RAWĀNDIZĪ called miR-Ī Kora: a contribution to Kurdish history . epubli, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7450-1125-8 ( google.de [accessed June 24, 2019]).
  12. ↑ Birgul Acikyildiz: The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion . IBTauris, 2014, ISBN 978-1-78453-216-1 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  13. ↑ a b Sefik Tagay , Serhat Ortac: The Eziden and the Ezidenum - history and present of a religion threatened with extinction . State Center for Political Education, Hamburg 2016, pp. 49 - 50, ISBN 978-3-946246-03-9
  14. ↑ Sabri Ateş: Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843-1914 . Cambridge University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-107-03365-8 ( google.de [accessed June 24, 2019]).
  15. ↑ The Bloody Shadow of Bedirxan Beg.Retrieved June 17, 2019 .
  16. ^ Sebastian Maisel: The Kurds: An Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society . ABC-CLIO, 2018, ISBN 978-1-4408-4257-3 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  17. ↑ Babak Rezvani: Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: academisch proefschrift . Amsterdam University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-90-485-1928-6 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  18. ↑ Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor | New York, NY 10118-3299 USA | t 1.212.290.4700: On Vulnerable Ground | Violence against Minority Communities in Nineveh Province's Disputed Territories. November 10, 2009, accessed June 17, 2019 .
  19. ↑ UNHCR's Eligibility Guidelines for Assessing the International Protection Needs of Iraqi Asylum-Seekers. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, p. 82 , accessed June 17, 2019 .
  20. ^ Hannibal Travis: The Assyrian Genocide: Cultural and Political Legacies . Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-351-98025-8 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  21. ↑ Kirsten Ripper: "The Kurds are also against the Yazidis". October 5, 2014, accessed June 17, 2019 .
  22. ↑ Weapons for the wrong people? In: sueddeutsche.de . August 29, 2014, ISSN  0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  23. ^ David L. Phillips: The Great Betrayal: How America Abandoned the Kurds and Lost the Middle East . Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018, ISBN 978-1-78673-576-8 ( google.de [accessed June 17, 2019]).
  24. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com): Yazidis: "They have let us down" | DW | 08/08/2015. Accessed June 17, 2019 (German).
  25. ^ The Churchman's Monthly Magazine . C. Shepard & Company, 1855 ( google.de [accessed October 2, 2019]).
  26. ↑ Natural history of the human race; after the 3rd edition with notes and additions, ed. by Rudolph Wagner . Voss, 1845 ( google.de [accessed October 2, 2019]).
  27. ^ Ansgar Jödicke: Religion and Soft Power in the South Caucasus . Routledge, 2017, ISBN 978-1-351-79789-4 ( google.de [accessed October 2, 2019]).