Four-wheel mill
| Four-wheel mill
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 The four-wheel mill on the Lusatian Neisse, |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 9 '28 " N , 14 ° 59' 36" E | |
| Location | Görlitz old town | |
| Waters | Lusatian Neisse | |
| Built | first mentioned in 1325 | |
| Shut down | 1928 | |
| Status | Mill technology removed and replaced by a Kaplan turbine to generate electricity, buildings removed and turbine house now also used for gastronomy purposes | |
| technology | ||
| use | Grain and fulling mill | |
| drive | Watermill | |
| Website | vierradenmuehle.de | |
The four-wheel mill was one of three large grain mills in the city of Görlitz . But it also served the drapers and tanners as a fulling mill . In their place there is now a turbine house for generating electricity and an inn, which has taken the name Vierradenmühle again.
Surname
The name of the mill came from the mill drive. This happened via four water wheels (wheels), which were located in the ditch between the massive bank porch and the permanently converted small Neisse island on the weir .
location
The four-wheel mill was a water mill on what is now the German-Polish border river - the Lusatian Neisse . It is located on the west bank below the hill of the parish church St. Peter and Paul and the old town of Görlitz . Opposite it on the Polish bank is the three-wheel mill . The Neisse weir between the three-wheel and four-wheel mills, over which the Neisse flows today, used to hold the water of the river for the two mills.
history
The mill was first mentioned around 1325, when the owner Apecz, known as the mint master, wrote over half of the “mill at the Neissetore” to his son Petschke. Around 1330 ownership passed to the municipal mint ( Gunzelinus de moneta ), from which Nicze Hayn bought it in 1396. The mill appears to have been such a valuable possession that several people shared the property. In 1381 the name of a "mill on the four wheels" appeared for the first time. In 1410 the following eleven owners are known according to the town book: Hans Hayn, Nickel Hayn, Dorothea Hayninne, Nickels Hausfrau, Niclas Ermilreich, Franz Pletzel, Vinczencz Heller, Claus Heller, Claus Winkeler, Hermann Clerer and Johann Ulrichsdorf.
In the Neisse floods in 1432, 1434 and 1445-48, the four-wheel mill was very badly damaged, so that the city council first decided to help private individuals rebuild the important mill and later buy their shares in the mill from the individual owners piece by piece. A plaque on today's turbine house tells of the following fate of the mill, which was rebuilt in 1561.
In 1821 the city sold the mill to the Vorwerk owner Christoph Wolf. Just five years later, Johann Samuel Geißler acquired it. He set up a cloth factory in the mill. This cloth factory was expanded and rebuilt several times in the following years, so that it flourished. In 1840 Johann Samuel Geißler transfers the title to Ernst Geißler and two daughters. Due to the unfavorable ownership situation, they sold the mill and factory to the city in 1928, which immediately demolished the buildings and had a turbine house built to generate electricity. The administration building built in 1857 on the arches of the city wall below the Church of St. Peter and Paul was also demolished and since then has again given a view of the arches.
The flood on 7./8. August 2010 with a peak height of 7.07 m at the nearby water level at Hirschwinkel destroyed the event rooms in the basement. The glass pane with a view of the turbine in the guest room also had to be smashed to be on the safe side due to an air bubble formed by the rising water, before it would burst uncontrollably from the pressure. The turbine, which was only renewed in April 2010, had to be repaired again. According to the operator of the restaurant, the damage amounted to 150,000 euros.
today
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Today there is a restaurant in the turbine house, which also includes the terrace on the massive structure on the Neisse island. A special feature is the glass floor embedded in the turbine house, through which the turbine can be observed.
The turbine is a Kaplan turbine . It is managed by the Stadtwerke Görlitz and was put back into operation on June 1, 1993. With a gradient of 3.05 m, a flow rate of 10.5 m 3 / s and a turbine speed of 180 1 / min, the turbine generates an output of 250 kW. The average annual work of the turbine is 1000 MWh / a.
literature
- Wolfgang Stiller: 300 years of family and company history of the drapery families Ernst Friedrich and Carl Samuel Geißler in 2 chapters and 14 annexes . Görlitz 2012. (in the Görlitz Council Archives and in the Upper Lusatian Library of Sciences in Görlitz)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Ernst-Heinz Lemper : Görlitz - A historical topography . 2nd Edition. Verlag Gunter Oettel, Görlitz / Zittau 2009, ISBN 978-3-938583-16-6 , pp. 263 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz. Volume 1, Half Volume 2: Topography . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 727 f .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz. Volume 1, Half Volume 2: Topography . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 729 .
- ^ Richard Jecht: History of the city of Görlitz. Volume 1, Half Volume 2: Topography . 1st edition. Verlag des Magistrates der Stadt Görlitz, 1934, p. 729, 732 .
- ↑ This time nothing is left intact. In: sz-online.de. Retrieved September 2, 2010 .
- ↑ Display board in front of the entrance to the four-wheel mill