Vulcaniella extremella
| Vulcaniella extremella | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Vulcaniella extremella | ||||||||||||
| ( Wocke , 1871) |
Vulcaniella extremely ella is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of cosmopterigidae (Cosmopterigidae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 8 to 11 millimeters. The forewings shine dark brown and glitter golden. In the basal region there is an outward sloping, raised silver band. The wing markings include six raised, silvery spots, three are on the inner edge of the wing. The apical spot is very small or absent. A number of small, silvery spots spread around the apex . The fringed scales are dark brown, at the apex they shine white. In females, the front wings are clearly constricted in front of the apex.
In the males, the right brachium has a very broad apical part and is rounded on the outside. The left brachium is slimmer, curved, and slightly thickened in front of the tip. The blades are widest at the base and gradually taper distally . The right valvella is longer than the distal part of the aedeagus , but shorter than the valvas, slimmer and almost straight. The left valvella is quite long and gradually tapers off. The aedeagus gradually tapers and has a slightly curved tip.
The genital armature of the females is similar to that of Vulcaniella pomposella , but the ante-vaginal plate is semicircular and the sclerotization at the rear end of the 7th sternite is triangular with rounded corners.
The adult caterpillars are stocky and flattened dorsoventrally. They are unmarked, light amber yellow and 6.0 to 6.5 millimeters long. The head is small and black. The prothoracic shield is brightly divided into two and also black. The anal shield is dark brown. The head capsule is slightly longer than wide, flattened dorsoventrally and has a deeply incised occiput. The breastbones are pigmented light brown on the outside. The ventral feet have a uniordinal wreath of about 13 dark brown hooks. The pushers have a half ring consisting of 8 to 9 hooks.
The pupa is about four millimeters long and slightly flattened ventrally . From the third segment it tapers, is quite thin-skinned and light brown. The sheaths of the wings extend into the first third of the anal segment, the antennae extend to half of the penultimate segment. The end of the body is blunt, there are no protrusions. The stigmas are small and are located on bumps. Body bristles are only rudimentarily recognizable.
Similar species
Vulcaniella extremella differs from all other species of the genus by the distinctive white section in the fringed scales at the apex of the forewing.
distribution
Vulcaniella extremella is native to Central and Southern Europe . The distribution area extends from the Iberian Peninsula to the north of the Caucasus .
biology
The caterpillars develop on meadow sage ( Salvia pratensis ), whorled sage ( Salvia verticillata ), Salvia bertolonii , Austrian sage ( Salvia austriaca ), Salvia tesquicola and large-flowered brownelle ( Prunella grandiflora ). They mine in the leaves. The mine begins as a short, greenish avalanche that usually runs along the leaf center rib. As soon as a side vein is reached, an elongated, irregular space mine is created, which can reach to the edge of the sheet and give the sheet a contracted shape. Almost all of the caterpillar droppings are ejected through an opening at the start of the mine. During the feeding pauses or in the event of disturbances, the caterpillars withdraw into feeding tunnels lined with silk. The mine then appears abandoned because the caterpillars are not visible in their hiding place. The shape of the mine and the way of life of the caterpillars are somewhat different for different host plants and generations. In spring, the caterpillars feed on the lower leaves and frequently change mine. In summer, when the lower leaves have already withered, the caterpillars live in the higher leaves and no longer change mine. The species forms two generations a year, occasionally three generations. The caterpillars live from April to June. The spring generation pupates outside the mine in a whitish, paper-like cocoon , the summer generation pupates in a very loose web inside the mine. The moths fly from mid-May to mid-September.
Systematics
The following synonyms are known from the literature:
- Stagmatophora extremella Wocke , 1871
- Stagmatophora naviella Chretien , 1907
- Stagmatophora buhri M. Hering , 1935
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g J. C. Koster, S. Yu. Sinev: Momphidae, Batrachedridae, Stathmopodidae, Agonoxenidae, Cosmopterigidae, Chrysopeleiidae . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 5 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-66-8 , pp. 154 (English).
- ↑ a b Josef Klimesch (1943): Stagmatophora extremella Wck. (Lep., Momphidae). Journal of the Vienna Entomological Society 28: pp. 65–72 ( online as PDF)
- ↑ leafminers of Europe. Vulcaniella extremella (Wocke, 1871). (No longer available online.) Willem N. Ellis, archived from the original on June 2, 2012 ; Retrieved February 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Vulcaniella extremella in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 29, 2012
