Intrauterine growth retardation
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| P05.9 | Fetal growth disorder |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
As intrauterine growth retardation - synonymously be used: prenatal dystrophy and fetal hypotrophy - describes a prenatal development disorder of different shape and cause. This can refer “symmetrically” to body weight and length , and “asymmetrically” only to the body weight of the unborn child , whereby the size of the head is normal and, above all, the waist circumference is reduced. Can be diagnosed with growth retardation in the in the context of prenatal care in the 2nd and 3rd trimester performed Fetometrien .
Reasons for intrauterine growth retardation can be external factors as well as maternal or childhood diseases. The most common cause of growth retardation worldwide is malnutrition . Other external factors include nicotine and alcohol or radiation exposure.
Diseases that can cause growth retardation are intrauterine infections (e.g. rubella , cytomegaly , toxoplasmosis , syphilis ). Maternal coagulation disorders such as B. the antiphospholipid syndrome , a factor V Leiden mutation, etc. be. Embryonic malformations, maternal anemia or metabolic diseases (such as diabetes mellitus ), uterine malformations, chromosomal aberrations (such as trisomy 21 ), immunological maladaptations, hypoxia or childhood metabolic diseases can also be responsible.
Intrauterine growth retardation can lead to serious changes in the metabolism of the fetus, which persist postpartum and increase the risk of certain chronic diseases such as B. increase coronary artery disease in later life ( fetal programming ).
In rare syndromes such as IMAGE syndrome , a growth disorder can be the main characteristic.
See also
literature
- S2k guidelines for intrauterine growth restriction of DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG. In: AWMF online (as of March 2016)
Individual evidence
- ↑ WHO Countdown Accountability Report 2013 "Unacceptably high levels of stunting, a form of growth failure resulting from chronic undernutrition, in virtually all 75 countries".