Armistice of Mudanya
The Mudanya Armistice was an agreement between Turkey, on the one hand, and Italy , France and the United Kingdom, on the other, to end the fighting on the western front of the Turkish Liberation War . It was signed on October 11, 1922 in the city of Mudanya , Bursa Province . The Kingdom of Greece approved the treaty on October 14, 1922.
background
With the armistice of Mudros , the First World War ended in the oriental theater of war and the Allies occupied the Dardanelles and the Bosporus . Then Istanbul was also occupied . Then the division of the Ottoman Empire was negotiated. The Turkish national movement resisted these plans.
At the end of August and beginning of September 1922, the Turkish troops won decisive victories over the main enemy Greece in the Greco-Turkish War . On September 5, 1922, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk reaffirmed the claim to Eastern Thrace and on September 9, the city of Izmir was captured , which effectively ended the war. Subsequently, parts of the Turkish army advanced on the internationalized neutral zone on the straits. On September 15, the British troops gave the Turks an ultimatum to halt their advance. This sparked the Chanak crisis , which raised the risk of major international conflict. On September 19, the British contradicted the Turks in their claim to Istanbul and Thrace . However, France, Yugoslavia , Italy and some British Dominions did not want another war. Raymond Poincaré , the French Prime Minister, called for negotiations on September 23. Mustafa Kemal agreed on September 29th and proposed to meet in Mudanya . The British cabinet decided to leave Eastern Thrace to the Turks.
Talks began on October 3, which resulted in an agreement on October 11. Shortly before the conclusion of the treaty, the British were about to attack Çanakkale . The Turks may also have agreed to accept the terms, as British troops received reinforcements in the days leading up to the signing.
conditions
- Greek troops left Eastern Thrace beyond the Mariza river and the city of Edirne within the next 15 days.
- 30 days after the withdrawal, the Turks set up a civil administration.
- Until the conclusion of the peace treaty, no more than 8,000 Turkish soldiers may be stationed in Eastern Thrace.
The final details were negotiated at the Lausanne Conference between November 21, 1922 and February 24, 1923 and from April 23 to July 24, 1923. This was sealed in the Treaty of Lausanne .
Allied troops remained stationed in the affected areas until the contract was signed.
literature
- International Treaties of the Twentieth Century , London: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-14125-7 .
- Ataturk by Andrew Mango , ISBN 0-7195-6592-8 .