Election to the House of Representatives in the Ottoman Empire in 1912

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Early general elections were held in the Ottoman Empire in April 1912 ; this election was also called the beating election . Due to massive electoral fraud and brutal election propaganda, the ruling Committee for Unity and Progress won 269 ​​of the 275 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , while the opposition Freedom and Unity Party ( Liberal Entente ) received the remaining six seats.

background

The elections were announced for January 1912 after the Unity and Progress Committee lost the December 1911 by-election in Constantinople to the Liberal Entente. The committee hoped that early elections would thwart the Entente's efforts to better organize itself. The committee's platform advocated centralist leanings, while the Entente supported a decentralized agenda, including the requirement to allow education in regional languages.

Aftermath

The nature of the committee victory led to the establishment of the so-called rescue officers , whose aim was to restore constitutional government. After receiving support from the army in Macedonia , the officers called for government reforms. Under this pressure, the army commander Mehmed Said Pascha , who later became Grand Vizier , resigned. Sultan Mehmed V then appointed a new cabinet, which was supported by the officers and the Entente.

On August 5, Mehmed called for early elections. However, the outbreak of the Balkan wars led to an end during the October election . New elections were finally held in 1914 after the Young Turkish Triumvirate of Committee members came to power in a military coup in 1913. This triumvirate of Enver , Talât and Cemal Pascha supported the Turkish-Islamic synthesis and organized the genocide of the Armenians , the Aramaeans and the persecution of the Pontic Greeks .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c The Decline of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East and the 'Arab Awakening' before 1914 ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 167 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / fds.oup.com
  2. ↑ a b c d Hasan Kayalı (1995) "Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1919" (PDF; 444 kB) International Journal of Middle East Studies , Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 265-286
  3. ↑ Myron E. Weiner, Ergun Özbudun (1987) Competitive Elections in Developing Countries , Duke University Press, page 334
  4. ↑ Hasan Kayalı (1997) Arabs and Young Turks University of California Press