Walser in Liechtenstein

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The community of Triesenberg in Liechtenstein was settled around 1300 by Walsers , who obviously came from the Prättigau or Davos . This origin is important for the self-image of many Triesenbergers to this day.

colonization

Gnalp above Triesenberg

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Alemannic Walsers settled in areas in the then Romance-speaking Alpine region, starting from Upper Valais . During the 14th century, they emigrated from the first colonies in secondary phases. → Main article: Walser

The beginning of the Walser colonization in today's Liechtenstein Oberland is assumed around 1300. The Walser settlements Parmezg , Guflina , Gnalp and Masescha on Triesenberg were mentioned in an arbitration award in 1355 . In 1363 the presence of Walsers on Saroja above Planken is proven. The linguistic relationship with the original colony in Davos and the Walser settlements in Prättigau suggests that the settlement took place from there. It is assumed that the Counts of Werdenberg-Sargans played an active role in the settlement and granting of colonist privileges . In the course of time, the Walsers lost their preferred legal status. After 1600 they were on an equal footing with the other subjects.

Quirks

As "have been preserved in Triesenberg Beigla designated" Alprechtshölzer .
The knitted house in “Hag” , Triesenberg, is known as the “Walserhaus”

The most striking feature of the Walser is their language , in which some peculiarities of the highest Alemannic dialect associated with the Valais have been preserved to this day. In Triesenberg, a Walser dialect is spoken that is clearly distinguishable from the other Liechtenstein dialects . Typical are the Walser sch-Laut ( böö sch "böse"), the Walser diminutive of -elti ( Öpf elti "Äpfelchen"), the inflected predicative adjective ( the Ofa ischd chaalt a "the oven is cold") and the umlaut at inflected adjective in the feminine singular and neuter plural ( l ä mi Chua "lame cow"; d Meiti sin chr like ngi "the girls are sick").

“The mysterious 'strangers' with the strange language, Walser German, did not only concern the people of that time, but also countless authors up to the most recent times. Much has been written about the Walser (...), sometimes all too glorifying. "

There is no Walser house that you can find in all colonies. House construction can be explained by the livestock farm and the conditions of the environment. Until the middle of the 20th century, the Walsers focused their existence on mountain farming. The private individual dairy , which was common in Triesenberg until 1888 and then replaced by more profitable cooperative operations, is considered typical of the Walser era .
→ Main article: Triesenberg Alps

Replica of a mountain hut in the Triesenberg Walser Museum

Common Welsh customs are sparse. What the Walsers have in common is the veneration of St. Theodul , z. B. in the chapel of St. Theodul auf Masescha. What keeps the Walsers together in the various areas today is the awareness of their common origin and language. The international Walser meeting took place in Triesenberg in 1965, 1980 and 2010.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Herbert Hilbe, Ulrike Mayr: Triesenberg. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  2. ^ Anton Banzer: Language. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein . December 31, 2011 .
  3. ↑ Armin Eberle, Meinrad Gschwend, Irene Hochreutener Naef, Robert Kruker: The farmhouses of the canton of St. Gallen . Ed .: Swiss Society for Folklore . tape 35.1 . Basel and Herisau 2018, ISBN 978-3-908122-98-2 , p. 260 .