Vistula Germans

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The Vistula Germans were a German ethnic group who settled in the area of ​​the central Vistula , south of Warsaw to just east of Thorn , on the state territory of today's Poland . The history of the settlement began in the sixteenth century (the so-called Dutch , see Hauländer ) and ended with the expulsion of the Vistula Germans in 1945. The approximately 25,000 Vistula Germans lived in 74 larger and 200 smaller villages in the Vistula lowlands and a few subsidiary settlements in the neighboring Bug Valley . The largest contiguous area is the Iłów language island, where over 7,000 Germans lived in 40 lowland villages . In the area around the town of Iłów, it stretched around 35 kilometers along the Vistula and was on average 5 kilometers wide.

history

German settlement began after the Great Northern War (1700–1721), along the Vistula south-east of Thorn. Over time, more and more settlements were established east of the original settlements. A large part of the Vistula river region came under Prussian rule in 1793 and became the provinces of South Prussia and New East Prussia . After the Napoleonic Wars, in the Treaty of Paris in 1815, the area of ​​the Duchy of Warsaw became part of the Russian-controlled Congress Poland . German migration continued during the Russian rule. The German settlers mostly settled in existing, but also in many new communities, so that well over 3000 villages with German residents could be documented before the First World War . Some German villages in the area were identified by the adjective Holland (for the Dutch settlements) or Niemiecki , which means " German " in Polish (e.g. Kępa Niemiecka ). This differentiated villages populated by Germans from Polish villages in the same area (the Polish village could have the adjective Polski (e.g. Kępa Polska )). After the Second World War , the adjective was often dropped or replaced by terms like Nowe (new) due to anti-German feelings. Nevertheless, some villages kept the old name to this day.

Overview of the localities

  • Słońsk, German name: Schlonsk (1605)
  • Old Bógpomóż, German name: Althelfgott (1610)
  • Włęcz, German name: Lentzen (1625)
  • New Bógpomóż; German name: Neuhelfgott (1630)
  • Wolschewe (pl.:Woluszewo) (1650)
  • Rybitwy (around 1700)
  • Makowisko, German name: Wolschebuden (around 1700)
  • Osieker Lengden (1731)
  • Psiarzewo (later called Siarzewo) (1738)
  • Łengden-Witoszyn (also called Witoschin-Lengden) (1740)
  • Wolfswinkel (1740)
  • Łęg Holland (1740)
  • Domb (1745)
  • Dobiegniewo (1745)
  • Duninów
  • Ładne
  • Wola Brwileńska
  • Dąb Wielki, German name: Groß Dembe (1746)
  • Antoniner Kämpe (1749)
  • Kämpe Tokary near Plozk (1759)
  • Deutsch-Troszyn (1759) near Troszyn (today the town and country municipality of Gąbin )
  • Bark (1759) near Troszyn
  • Deutsch-Wiączemin (also called German Gensemin), (1759)
  • Wistka Królewska (1759)
  • Sady (1769)
  • Wiersze (1769)
  • Białobrzegi near Plozk (1773)
  • German Grabie (1772)
  • Rajschewo (1775)
  • Kazan (1776)
  • Deutsch-Wilkow (1777)
  • Wiesendorf (Łączna) (1782)
  • Skierdy (1782)
  • Dembina-Holland (1786)
  • Karolewo (1805)
  • Rydzyner Kämpe (1812)
  • Świdry Nowe
  • Sadoleś (before 1830) (located south of the Bug )
  • Płatkownica (before 1830) (located on the bow)
  • Podole (after 1830 but before 1850) (located south of Warsaw)
  • Wicie (after 1830 but before 1850) (located south of Warsaw)
  • Dąbrowa-Arciechowska (located on the bow )
  • Kikoler Kämpe (located on the bow )
  • Nowa Wieś Neudorf (1843) donated by Baron Karl Wilhelm von Ike
  • Mostki
  • Łączka
  • Tylążno
  • Smolnik
  • Kępa Niemiecka
  • Śladów
  • Drwały
  • Rakówo
  • Łęg-Bieniew, German name: Lengden

To the south of Warsaw, the following villages emerged on the Kämpen and Vistula Islands (no foundation dates are available for these):

  • Zawadowska
  • Okrzewska
  • Celejowska
  • Skurecka
  • Wolczańska
  • Kuźmin
  • Piotrków
  • Celejów

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kolonizacja Niemiecka w Południowo-Wschodniej Części Królestwa Polskiego w latach 1815-1915 ; Wieslaw Sladkowski, Wydawnictwo Lubelskie
  2. ↑ http://www.upstreamvistula.org/Documents/ABreyer_DtGaue.pdf
  3. ↑ http://www.upstreamvistula.org/Documents/ABreyer_DtGaue.pdf
  4. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Parishes/Ossowka_D.htm
  5. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Parishes/Ossowka_D.htm
  6. ↑ http://www.thorn-wpr.de/fqRHHoll.htm
  7. ↑ http://upstreamvistula.org/Parishes/NowaWies_D.htm