Willow hammer
| Willow hammer | ||||||||||||
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Willow bammer ( Emberiza aureola ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Emberiza aureola | ||||||||||||
| Pallas , 1773 |
The willow bunting ( Emberiza aureola ) is a species of bird from the family of the bunting (Emberizidae). As the snow bunting , the Waldammer and the Little Bunting is also the yellow-breasted bunting a bird of the northern regions.
The willow bunting was classified as safe ( least concern ) by the IUCN until 2004 . Due to massive hunting pressure on the migration route, the population of the species has rapidly collapsed, so that the species is now (2018) classified as critically endangered .
description
The willow bunting is easy to distinguish from other species. The male has a black face, dark maroon back and neck, and a bright yellow underside. Another feature is a narrow chestnut chest band. Unlike other bunting, the underside is only slightly striped. On the wings there is a distinctive white shoulder patch and a white cross band. The animals have white markings on their outermost tail feathers.
The female also has a striking appearance, but is a little paler. However, there is no chest band on the yellow belly. The much lighter head recalls, with a white Supercilium and a side strip, which are bounded by darker color, to a Seggenrohrsänger . Otherwise the female resembles the male.
distribution
The willow bunting prefers open spaces. In summer she likes to live in lush meadows with bushes, often by the water. But you can also find them in steppes . The willow bunting is a migratory bird . In summer it breeds in central Finland , in northern Russia as far as Siberia . She spends the winter in Southeast Asia , India and southern China . Seldom, but regularly, some animals also stray to Western Europe . In Germany they are mostly seen on Heligoland .
Voice and food
The call of the willow hammer is a short "zip" or "zick" or a soft "trssit". The song is a loud and melodic sounding stanza, something like "djüldjül-tië-tië-zitü". It is similar to the Ortolan's singing , but is faster and more fluid. The diet consists of fine seeds and insects.
Brood
The nest is always created near the ground in dense bushes or soils with dense vegetation. It is made of grass and is laid out with finer grass and hair for cushioning. 4–5 light greenish-gray, sparsely black eggs are laid, which are incubated for about 13 days. There is one brood per year.
literature
- Peterson, Mountfort, Hollom, “ The birds of Europe - A pocket book for ornithologists and nature lovers about all birds living in Europe ”, Paul Parey Verlag, 10th edition. April 1973, ISBN 3-490-05718-X , pp. 289–290
- Christopher Perrins, "Birds, Biology + Determination + Ecology" , Paul Parey Verlag, ISBN 3-490-22618-6
Web links
- Emberiza aureola in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2004. Retrieved on January 25 of 2009.
- Feathers of the willow bunting
Individual evidence
- ^ BirdLife International: Emberiza aureola . In: IUCN (Ed.): The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . No. 2017 , 2017, p. e.T22720966A119335690 , doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22720966A119335690.en ( iucnredlist.org [accessed January 15, 2018]).