Western Hartlaub Toko
| Western Hartlaub Toko | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hartlaub Toko |
||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||
|
||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Horizocerus hartlaubi | ||||||||||
| ( Gould , 1861) |
The Western Hartlaub-Toko ( Horizocerus hartlaubi , Syn. : Tockus hartlaubi ), also Glanzflügeltoko or Black Zwergtoko called, is a bird art that the hornbills belongs (Bucerotidae) and in the western sub-Saharan Africa occur. Like all hornbills, the Western Hartlaub toko is also a cave breeder . The female walls herself up in the nest cavity and is fed by the male during the breeding season. The Congotoko has long been considered a subspecies of the western hard-leaf toko.
The stock situation of the Hartlaub Toko was classified in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2016 as “ Least Concern (LC) ” = “not endangered”.
features
The western Hartlaub toko reaches a body length of up to 32 centimeters and weighs between 88 and 135 grams. The gender dimorphism is not very pronounced.
Characteristics of the males
The males have a black neck and head. A wide white stripe runs from above the eye to the neck. The front neck is dark gray, the individual feathers have white tips. The back and tail are black. Of the ten control springs, all but the middle four have white tips. The underside of the body is pale gray and brightens towards the lower abdomen. The wings are black with a metallic sheen. The outer hand wings have small white spots in the center. The beak is black with a red tip, the low ridge of the beak ends abruptly on half of the beak. The orbital ring is gray to black, the bare throat patch is flesh-colored. The eyes are red-brown with a gray outer ring, the feet and legs are black.
Characteristics of the females and young birds
The females correspond to the males in the body plumage, but are somewhat smaller overall. The beak is completely black, the beak ridge is only slightly pronounced. The iris is deep red with a gray ring.
The young birds resemble the adult females in their beak color and the largely lack of a beak ridge.
Possible confusion
The dwarf toko and the magpie toko also occur in the distribution area of the western hard-leaf toko .
The dwarf toko is much more vocal and differs from the western hard-leaf toko by its red beak and red-brown plumage. The Magpie Toko is much larger than the Western Hartlaub Toko, has a white underside and parts of the beak are cream-colored.
Distribution area and habitat
The Western Hartlaub Toko occurs in the south of Sierra Leone, in the south of Guinea, in Liberia, on the Ivory Coast, in the west of Ghana, Togo, Benin, in the south of Nigeria, in Cameroon, Gabon and west of the Congo .
The Western Hartlaub Toko is a forest-dwelling bird species that occurs mainly in evergreen forests of the lowlands. It also colonizes gallery forests , but prefers densely grown primeval forests and is only very rarely found in secondary forests. A couple occupies a territory of twenty to thirty hectares.
Way of life
The Western Hartlaub Toko usually lives in pairs or in small family groups of up to eight animals. It lives mainly in the upper and middle treetops and prefers trees that are overgrown with climbing plants. It mainly eats insects that it catches in the air. Occasionally, however, it also comes to the ground to catch insects that are scared off by wandering ants . He also follows groups of monkeys in order to benefit from the insects they scare off.
The reproductive behavior has so far only been insufficiently researched. However, the Western Hartlaub toko breeds in tree hollows at a height of 9 to 25 meters above the ground. The female seals the entrance to the cave from the inside except for a narrow gap through which she and later the young birds are fed by the male. The male carries prey individually in his beak and usually looks for food within a radius of 100 meters around the nest.
The female leaves the breeding cave before the young birds have fledged and then takes care of the young birds together with the male. The young birds stay with their parents about a month after they fledged.
Dedication names
The name of the Hartlaub token is reminiscent of the German doctor and ornithologist Gustav Hartlaub , who from 1840 was concerned with collecting and researching exotic birds , which he bequeathed to the Museum of the Natural History Society in Bremen .
literature
- W. Grummt , H. Strehlow (Ed.): Zoo animal keeping birds. Verlag Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-8171-1636-2 .
- Alan Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 0-19-857729-X .
Web links
- Horizocerus hartlaubi inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.7. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2014. Retrieved October 21, 2016.
- Calls from the Western Hartlaub Toko to Xeno Canto
Single receipts
- ↑ Horizocerus hartlaubi in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2016. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on 9 October 2017th
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 146.
- ↑ a b Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes. P. 145.
- ↑ Kemp: The Hornbills - Bucerotiformes . P. 147.
- ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins: Whose Bird? Men and Women Commemorated in the Common Names of Birds . Christopher Helm, London 2003, ISBN 0-7136-6647-1 , pp. 205 .