Weather channel (mining)

Weather channel of the Conow mine

In mining, a weather channel is the connection channel between the main pit ventilator and the extending weather shaft . Weather channels have also already been used for ventilation with a weather oven . As pit construction, weather channels are considered to be near-surface shaft outlets.

Basics

For the ventilation of the mine there must be at least one extending and one moving day opening . So that the weather can also flow in sufficient quantities by the mine, they are called Abwetter sucked from the pit fan. Since the pit ventilator, for technical reasons, is usually not directly above, but next to the shaft, an underground connection must be created between the extending shaft and the pit ventilator. This connection, by means of a weather channel, is made below the hanging lawn bench . At the beginning of the 20th century it was found in several experiments that the weather channel has a significant influence on the weather management of a mine . Long, multi-winding weather channels in particular reduce the suction power of the pit ventilator. For this reason, weather channels must be as short and straight as possible. This can only be done by installing the pit fan as close as possible to the extending shaft.

Tasks of the weather channel

The weather channel has two main tasks. First of all, the weather channel has to feed the weather to the fan, if possible with only low pressure losses. This essentially depends on the construction of the weather channel. Furthermore, it must be possible to monitor the pressure and the amount of weather through the weather channel . The mining authorities stipulate that the static pressure must be monitored using a writing implement. Either simple pressure recorders or pressure quantity recorders are used for this. The sensors (Pitot tube or nozzle) required for the pressure quantities must be installed in the weather channel in accordance with the respective installation instructions.

Construction and construction

The weather channel consists of the actual suction channel, the connection for the pit ventilator and the transition to the shaft. If several pit fans are operated via one weather channel, each fan must have its own connection. The weather channel must have a sufficiently large cross-section, depending on the amount of weather to be managed. The cross-section should be so large that the weather speed in the straight part is not greater than ten meters per second. The ideal cross-section for the weather channel is circular. In order to come as close as possible to this ideal, the corners of the rectangular cross-section are rounded. The walls of the weather channel must be as smooth as possible. Sudden or sharp bends in the weather channel also have a negative effect on weather resistance. For this reason, the weather channel must run as straight as possible. The ratio of shaft cross-section to sewer cross-section has a major influence on the diversion losses caused by the weather. For this reason, the connection to the shaft must have as large a cross-section as the shaft as possible. The connection cross-section of the weather channel may only be slightly smaller than the shaft cross-section . In order to keep the deflection losses from the manhole as low as possible, the inner radius of curvature must be six to seven times the duct diameter. However, it must not exceed seven times the value. The walls of the weather channel must be so tight that no outside air can penetrate through them, despite the pressure difference in the weather channel. So that the weather channel can be navigated , it must be provided with a tight weather lock that is large enough that material can also be transported through it into the weather channel. This makes it possible to clean the weather channel of the accumulated sludge at regular intervals.

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
^ ^A ^b Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition. VGE Verlag, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 , p. 674 ff.
↑ Guide of the State Mining Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology of the State of Lower Saxony, for the safekeeping of daily shafts from December 19, 2007.
↑ ^a ^b Heinrich Otto Buja: Engineering manual mining technology, deposits and extraction technology. 1st edition. Beuth Verlag, Berlin / Vienna / Zurich 2013, ISBN 978-3-410-22618-5 , pp. 375–376.
↑ ^a ^b Bergreferendar Kortenhaus: On the influence of shafts and weather channels on the weather management of a mine. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 16, 43rd year, April 20, 1907, pp. 461–464.
^ Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century. Volume VIII: Disposition of the daytime systems-steam generation-central condensation-air compressors-electrical central units. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 1905, p. 48.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 9th, completely revised edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1955, pp. 671–673.
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 10th edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1961, pp. 713–715.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Volume VI: Weather Management. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 1903, pp. 320–336.

[Quelle_1-1] A ^b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition. Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .

[Quelle_4-2] A ^b Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition. VGE Verlag, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 , p. 674 ff.

[Quelle_2-3] Guide of the State Mining Authority for Mining, Energy and Geology of the State of Lower Saxony, for the safekeeping of daily shafts from December 19, 2007.

[Quelle_3-4] Heinrich Otto Buja: Engineering manual mining technology, deposits and extraction technology. 1st edition. Beuth Verlag, Berlin / Vienna / Zurich 2013, ISBN 978-3-410-22618-5 , pp. 375–376.

[Quelle_7-5] Bergreferendar Kortenhaus: On the influence of shafts and weather channels on the weather management of a mine. In: Glückauf, Berg- und Hüttenmännische magazine. Association for mining interests in the Oberbergamtsiertel Dortmund (Ed.), No. 16, 43rd year, April 20, 1907, pp. 461–464.

[Quelle_5-6] Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian hard coal mining in the second half of the 19th century. Volume VIII: Disposition of the daytime systems-steam generation-central condensation-air compressors-electrical central units. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 1905, p. 48.

[Quelle_6-7] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 9th, completely revised edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 1955, pp. 671–673.

[Quelle_8-8] A ^b ^c ^d Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 10th edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1961, pp. 713–715.

[Quelle_9-9] Association for Mining Interests in the Upper Mining District Dortmund: The Development of the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Coal Mining in the Second Half of the 19th Century. Volume VI: Weather Management. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin 1903, pp. 320–336.