Varicella vaccine

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Varicella zoster virus

A varicella vaccine or varicella vaccine (synonym: chickenpox vaccine ) is a vaccine against infections with the varicella zoster virus (VZV). The varicella vaccine is on the World Health Organization's list of Essential Medicines .

properties

The varicella vaccine is a live attenuated chickenpox vaccine . The first varicella vaccine from the Oka vaccine strain was developed in Japan in the 1970s and approved in Japan and Korea in 1988 and in the USA in 1995. The varicella vaccine against herpes zoster with the vaccine strain Oka / Merck was approved in the USA in 2006.

The attenuation of varicella vaccine strain Oka was by serial passages in human embryonic lung cell cultures, in embryonic guinea pig fibroblasts and in WI-38 - cell line reached. The Oka / Merck vaccine strain was also passaged 31 times in the MRC-5 cell line . The single varicella vaccine contains 1,350 PFU (Plaque Forming Units) , while the MMRV vaccine contains 9,772 PFU. The varicella vaccine against herpes zoster contains 19,400 PFU.

In addition to the live, weakened varicella viruses, the vaccine often contains sucrose , hydrolyzed gelatine, urea , sodium and potassium salts and traces of the antibiotic neomycin ; Residual components of MRC-5 cells including DNA and proteins and of bovine calf serum from the MRC-5 culture medium cannot be excluded. Water serves as a solvent.

vaccine Company and Head of Research Vaccine type status Results
Zostavax

( VZV , shingles)

MSD attenuated

only against VZV

In production Immune response in 70% of 50-year-olds, 64% in 60-year-olds, 41% in 70-year-olds and 18% in 80-year-olds
Varivax, Varilrix (VZV, chickenpox) MSD & GlaxoSmithKline attenuated

only against VZV

In production After a single vaccination, a mild illness is prevented in 95% of those vaccinated and a serious illness in 100%
Shingrix, GSK1437173A

(VZV, shingles)

GlaxoSmithKline Subunit vaccine of gE with adjuvant AS01B / QS-21

only against VZV

In production Immune response in vaccinated subjects over 65 years of age. 90% vaccination protection in the first year, 88% after four years

immunology

The vaccine is usually given by two subcutaneous injections. After vaccination, 97% of children over twelve months develop measurable titers for neutralizing antibodies for seven to ten years. The vaccination protection against an infection is between 70 and 90% or between 90 and 100% against an illness after a vaccination. In people over 13 years of age, 78% of those vaccinated develop antibodies and 99% of those vaccinated after a second vaccination. Acquired immunity lasts for a comparatively long time at over twenty years, probably lifelong in the majority of those vaccinated. However, some children lose their vaccination protection after five to eight years. The disease is milder in vaccinated people, with usually fewer than 50 smallpox lesions and usually without a fever .

Varicella vaccines are part of the multiple vaccine MMRV vaccine (approval USA 2005), together with a mumps vaccine , a measles vaccine and a rubella vaccine . Mono vaccines are also permitted.

Trade names

The trade names for varicella vaccines in Germany are the mono vaccines Varivax and Varilrix , as well as the MMRV vaccines ProQuad and Priorix-Tetra (as of 2020).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines . In: World Health Organization . October 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Centers for Disease Control and Prevention : CDC Pink Book: Varicella Zoster Virus . (PDF)
  3. ↑ Varivax. iMedikament.de, April 2010, accessed on August 16, 2019 .
  4. ^ Efficacy in Adults Aged 50 Years or Older . Retrieved January 15, 2018.
  5. ↑ VARIVAX® Varicella Virus Vaccine Live (PDF) Accessed August 30, 2016.
  6. ↑ VARILRIX® Live attenuated varicella vaccine . Retrieved August 23, 2016.
  7. ↑ Releve epidemiologique hebdomadaire / Section d'hygiene du Secretariat de la Societe des Nations = Weekly epidemiological record / Health Section of the Secretariat of the League of Nations . Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  8. ↑ Vaccine Detail GSK1437173A . Retrieved August 31, 2016.
  9. ↑ KJ Sandgren, K Bertram, AL Cunningham: Understanding natural herpes simplex virus immunity to inform next-generation vaccine design . In: Clinical & Translational Immunology . 5, No. 7, July 2016, p. E94. doi : 10.1038 / cti.2016.44 . PMID 27525067 . PMC 4973325 (free full text).
  10. ↑ Shingrix, herpes zoster vaccine (recombinant, adjuvanted) . Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  11. ↑ Linda Loyd: GlaxoSmithKline reports positive results with its shingles vaccine . June 21, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2017.
  12. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Varicella vaccine update . (PDF) In: Pediatrics . 105, No. 1 Pt 1, January 2000, pp. 136-141. PMID 10617719 .
  13. ↑ SS Chaves, P Gargiullo, JX Zhang et al .: Loss of vaccine-induced immunity to varicella over time . In: N. Engl. J. Med. . 356, No. 11, March 2007, pp. 1121-1129. doi : 10.1056 / NEJMoa064040 . PMID 17360990 .
  14. ^ Deborah Mitchell, The Essential Guide to Children's Vaccines . St. Martin's Press, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-4668-2750-9 , p. 127.
  15. ↑ Varicella vaccines (chickenpox). In: Paul Ehrlich Institute . January 23, 2020, accessed February 13, 2020 .