Reality Science

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Reality science (also science of reality or science of reality ) is used in the epistemological discussion to describe a science that deals with the concrete, causally connected reality , so-called empirical knowledge , and not with value-free, generalizing and abstractly oriented, pure theory.

In the wake of Dilthey , the term was mainly used by Georg Simmel (1892 in Problems of the Philosophy of History ), Wilhelm Windelband (1894 in the Strasbourg rectorate's speech on history and natural science ), Ernst Troeltsch (1897 in science without preconditions ), Heinrich Rickert (1902 in the boundaries of scientific concept formation ) and Max Weber (1904 in The "Objectivity" of sociological and socio-political knowledge ), introduced and shaped, but later also made famous by Hans Freyer, who introduced sociology , and Hermann Heller , who presented the theory of the state as a science of reality. As the highest and last form of both the natural sciences and the humanities, it has become a science of reality.

While these authors count all cultural sciences , including history , as part of the reality sciences , these epistemologists count the humanities , which include mathematics as well as the natural sciences .

In this context, the discussion is open as to whether theology and philosophy are to be understood as cultural and thus reality sciences or as humanities.

literature

  • Michael Bock : Criminology as Reality Science. Berlin 1984.
  • Hans Freyer : Sociology as Reality Science. Leipzig, Berlin 1930, new edition Stuttgart 1964.
  • Volker Kruse: "History and Social Philosophy" or "Reality Science"? German historical sociology and the logical categories of René Königs and Max Weber. Frankfurt am Main 1999.
  • Georg Pfleiderer : Theology as Reality Science. Tübingen 1992.
  • Ulrich Sieg : Psychology as a "science of reality". Erich Jaensch's examination of the "Marburg School" . In: Winfried Speitkamp (Ed.), State, Society, Science. Contributions to modern Hessian history , Marburg 1994 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse, 55), pp. 313–342.
  • Hans-Jörg Sigwart: Reality science and order science Eric Voegelins examination of Max Weber. in: Zeitschrift für Politik 2007.