Vsevolod Petrovich Zaderatski

Vsevolod Petrovich Saderazki ( Russian Всеволод Петрович Задерацкий ., Scientific transliteration Vsevolod Petrovich Zaderatskii * 21st December 1891 in Rivne , Russian Empire ; † 1. February 1953 in Lvov , USSR ) was a Russian composer and pianist .

Life

Saderazki came from a Russian noble family. After finishing school in Kursk , he studied at the Moscow Conservatory . In 1915 he became the piano teacher of the Tsar's son and heir to the throne Alexei Romanov in Saint Petersburg and taught him for about two years. In 1916 he had to interrupt his studies because he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and fought there in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1920 under the command of Anton Denikin . He then continued his studies at the Conservatory and graduated in 1923. His teachers included Sergei Taneyev and Mikhail Ippolitow-Ivanov . He was friends with Alexander Scriabin .

From the mid-1920s he lived in Ryazan , where he gave many concerts as a pianist. In 1926 he was arrested and all of his compositions were destroyed. In 1929 he got permission to live in Moscow again , where he joined the Association for Contemporary Music (ACM). Members included Dmitri Shostakovich and Alexander Mossolow . From 1932 the ACM was massively suppressed by the communists and finally banned. In 1934 Saderazki was sent to Yaroslavl , where he was captured for the third time in March 1937 as an " enemy of the people ". He was then imprisoned in a gulag camp in Siberia . In July 1939 he was released from the Gulag and was able to return to Yaroslavl.

At the beginning of World War II , he and his family were evacuated and sent to Kazakhstan . From 1945 he lived in Zhytomyr and later returned to Yaroslavl. From 1949 until his death he lived in Lviv, where he taught at the local conservatory.

Repressions in the USSR

During the time of the Soviet Union, Saderazki was massively oppressed and persecuted due to his aristocratic origins and his earlier ties to the royal house. On the one hand he had been the piano teacher of the heir to the throne, on the other hand he had served in the White Army , loyal to the Tsar, during the Russian Civil War , where he was captured by the Red Army .

Since the Great Terror (1936–1938) he was only allowed to live in provincial cities that had to be at least 100 km away from large metropolises. The composer was arrested several times and put in gulag camps. Even in times when he was free and allowed to work, there was a complete ban on performing his music. It is noteworthy that he nevertheless continued to compose and, despite all the adverse circumstances, created an extensive work.

The 24 preludes for piano are exemplary of the difficult living conditions . The cycle was based on Shostakovich's cycle between 1937 and 1938, when Saderazki was imprisoned in the gulag. Since the prisoners were not allowed to have paper and other writing materials, he had to compose two hours of music on used telegraph forms that he had received from the guards. He did not have a piano.

Works (selection)

• 24 preludes for piano (cycle)
• 2 operas
• over 300 romances
• Songs and piano pieces

Discography

• Preludes: Shostakovich, Zaderatsky by Jascha Nemtsov .
• Songs - Zaderatsky, Arthur Lourié, Shostakovich by Verena Rein and Jascha Nemtsov.
• Anthology of Piano Music by Russian and Soviet Composers (Vol. 1, CD 3).
• 24 Preludes & Fugues (2 CDs) by Jascha Nemtsov.
• Anthology Legends . 5 CDs with piano works by Vsevolod Zaderatsky: 24 preludes and fugues, suites Heimat and Front , 24 preludes, cycles The album of miniatures , porcelain cups , microbes of poetry and legends , sonatas No. 1 and 2, sonata in F minor by Jascha Nemtsov .

literature

• Zaderatsky, Vsevolod Jr: Vsevolod Petrovich Zaderatsky (1891–1953) - A Lost Soviet Composer , 2006.
• Nemtsov, Jascha: Foreword to "Preludes" , 2009. (see above)

Web links

• Julia Smilga: Who was Vsevolod Zaderatsky? From: BR-Klassik : Zoom - History of Music, and What Else Happened, February 3, 2018 (mp3 audio, 8:38 minutes; 8 MB)