Foreign rule

The term foreign rule (sometimes also xenocracy ; old Gr. Ξένος xenos "foreigner", also "guest", and κρατεῖν kratein "rule") designates primarily in the historical context military dictatorships that are established after the conquest of an area and go beyond administration by occupation troops , as well as any domination by strangers in a given territory in general. With the use of this designation, the legitimacy of the existing form of rule is called into question. Usually political institutions are installed whose leading positions are not military and are occupied by civilian members of the conquering power or local governors ( vassals ).

German usage

In German usage , the term appeared more and more after the victorious end of the Wars of Liberation in 1815 as a description of the Napoleonic dictatorship in Germany. Napoleon's rule was also experienced ambivalent in Germany. So many saw in him at the same time a liberator.

In the Second World War , during the Polish campaign, there was talk of the “liberation of the Vistula from Polish rule”. During the Western campaign , the corresponding semantics were found in relation to Eupen-Malmedy .

In the process of nation-building , the term foreign rule is often used as a völkisch - nationalistic battle term for anti-democratic and pre-fascist political directions, which in the conservative national- revolutionary currents in the term “American- plutocratic foreign rule” suggests an “anti-US system attitude” . As topos in anti-Semitism , the term evokes a conspiratorial ideology global alleged Zionists - power .

Colonialism and International Law

Colonial rule was often perceived as foreign rule , with the result that those affected sometimes preferred to be ruled badly by their own kind rather than well by strangers.

In particular States of the Third World , it is considered that the self-determination should also be realized by force of arms and support the striving for self-determination peoples on the part of third parties is not an act of aggression. Rather, the aggression lies with the colonial power exercising foreign rule .

There are various forms of resistance to foreign rule . The UN General Assembly reaffirmed the right to fight against foreign rule in the spirit of the peoples' right to self-determination:

"The General Assembly [...] reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of all peoples under colonial and foreign rule, especially the Palestinian people , to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and national independence , which will enable them to maintain their political, economic and social system without outside interference to determine. "

See also

• Satellite state
• Occupation Statute
• occupation

literature

• Christian Koller : Foreign rule. A political battle term in the age of nationalism. Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-593-37863-9 ( content ).

Web links

Wiktionary: foreign rule  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. Franz Dumont, Liberation or Foreign Rule? On French occupation policy on the Rhine in the age of revolution , in: Peter Hüttenberger / Hansgeorg Molitor (eds.): Franzosen und Deutsche am Rhein 1789–1918–1945 , Essen 1989, pp. 91–112.
2. ^ Christian Koller: Foreign rule. A political battle term in the age of nationalism.
3. ↑ Brandenburg State Center for Political Education in the review of Ch. Koller ( Memento of October 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
4. ↑ Wolfgang Reinhard, Problems of Colonial History and Concepts of Colonial History , in: Jörn Leonhard / Rolf G. Renner (eds.): Colonial pasts, (post) imperial present , p. 35.
5. ↑ Andreas Kunze, The status of Art. 26 I GG within the constitutional peace requirement , 2004, p. 19.
6. ^ Official minutes of the 45th session of the UN General Assembly, Supplement No. 49 (A / 45/49), p. 308 f.