Tooth color

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Upper right canine / tooth 13

The tooth color is created by absorption , transmission (passage), reflection and remission of light.

Color bases

The dental color is largely determined by the dentin , which shimmers through the relatively colorless and transparent enamel . The thickness of that enamel layer is responsible for weakening the intensity of the dentin color. Lightening is noticeable incisally (cutting edge) and approximally (laterally) due to the lack of dentine underlay.

Color selection

Color sample scale for prosthetic reconstructions

For the dentist, choosing the right shade for crowns and veneers is difficult. Reference is made to material-related, inter-individual and intra-individual differences between tooth shade samples with the same name. In the end, in the course of the tooth shade determination, the selected shade sample should match the natural tooth or residual dentition as closely as possible.

Color determination

However, many factors affect the development of tooth color in a very complex way. This affects both the quality of the result of the conventional, subjective-visual tooth shade determination and the objectified tooth shade measurement . The systematic exploration of the complex interaction of various influencing factors, effects and phenomena on the development of dental shade, on the results of conventional and modern tooth shade determination methods, is currently the basis of intensive scientific research and publications. The focus of these scientific studies is on understanding the nature of tooth color and scientific phenomena in order to ultimately obtain a sound color-aesthetic result and to try out new methods.

Limits of color determination

Dental materials are not able to make the tooth color appear natural and identical in all imaginable situations. A mean value is therefore sought in the dental definition. The color selection should take place with a (theoretical) daylight, which is defined as the light that prevails “on September 15th at 12 noon with an overcast sky”. From this it follows that in direct sunlight, in headlights, with artificial lighting or different degrees of brightness during the day and night, color deviations result from the different incidence of light. The luminescent effect describes the optical interaction of the tooth in daylight (yellowish) and in artificial light (reddish). In artificial teeth of prostheses, the luminescent effect is simulated by adding luminescent substances. The term industrially manufactured luminous teeth is derived from this. Their luminescent effect, however, can make teeth shine undesirably under disco lighting, for example. Color deviations from your own natural teeth are particularly noticeable in the case of individual replaced front teeth ( incisors ).

Tooth discoloration

External discoloration of the teeth is caused by discoloration of the plaque (plaque, tartar) caused by dyes from food and luxury foods, beverages (including fruit juices, coffee, black tea, red wine) and tobacco smoke. They can be easily removed by cleaning your teeth. Internal tooth discoloration is caused by the penetration of coloring substances.

Other causes include drugs, especially during odontogenesis .

literature

  • André Hoffmann: About the nature of tooth color, tooth color measurement and dental optical phenomena. New knowledge and new methods. Athene Media Verlag, Dinslaken 2010, ISBN 978-3-86992-048-1 .
  • André Hoffmann: The way to successfully determine the tooth shade. For students, dentists, dental technicians and color professionals. AtheneMedia Verlag, Dinslaken 2010, ISBN 978-3-86992-055-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ A. Hoffmann: About the nature of tooth color, tooth color measurement and dental optical phenomena - new findings and novel methods. AtheneMedia Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86992-048-1 .
  2. ^ JW McLean: The science and art of dental ceramics. Vol 1: The nature of dental ceramics and their clinical use. Quintessence Publishing Co, Chicago 1979.
  3. ↑ PJ Muia: The four-dimensional tooth shade system. Quintessenz, Berlin 1982.
  4. ^ SG Bergen, J. McCasland: Dental operatory lighting and tooth color discrimination. In: J Amer. dent. Assoc. Volume 94, No. 1, Jan 1977, pp. 130-134.
  5. ^ RC Sproull: Color matching in dentistry. I. The three-dimensional nature of color. In: J Prosthet Dent. Volume 29, No. 4, 1973, pp. 416-424.
  6. ^ RC Sproull: Color matching in dentistry. II. Practical applications of the organization of color. In: J Prosthet Dent. Volume 29, No. 5, 1973, pp. 556-566.
  7. ^ JD Preston: Current status of shade selection and color matching. In: Quintessence Int. Volume 16, No. 1, 1985, pp. 47-58.
  8. ↑ a b André Hoffmann: Systematic research into tooth color, tooth color measurement and dental optical phenomena. AtheneMedia Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86992-039-9 .

See also