Pamplona Citadel

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Citadel plan

The Citadel of Pamplona (Ciudadela de Pamplona; Castillo Nuevo; Basque : Iruñeko Zitadela,) is a renaissance fortification in the shape of a pentagon in the capital of Navarra , Pamplona , in Spain . The citadel is located on the southeastern edge of downtown Pamplona on Avenida de Ejército. The citadel is considered the best example of military architecture of the Spanish Renaissance and one of the most important fortifications in Europe.

history

The citadel was built from 1571 under the government of King Philip II (Spain) on the model of the citadel of Antwerp and was completed in 1645. In 1685 it was reinforced with external bezels according to Vauban's system. The design comes from the military engineer Giacomo Palearo . On February 16, 1808 the citadel was attacked by French troops. In 1823 the citadel played a role in the clashes with the Liberals. During the Spanish Civil War , numerous shootings took place in the citadel, of which a memorial plaque erected in 2007 commemorates. The military use ended in 1964. Since then the complex has been used as a park (Vuelta del Castillo) and for cultural purposes.

investment

The pentagonal complex has five bastions (San Antón, el Real, Santa María, Santiago and la Victoria), of which the two northern ones (San Antón and La Victoria) largely gave way to Avenida de Ejército when the city was expanded in 1888. Inside there are still some historical buildings, including the powder magazine from 1694, another magazine that was rebuilt in 1720, the armory from 1725.

  • Outside view

  • Inside of the citadel

  • Bastion of Santiago

  • The Puerta del Socorro

  • Citadel (southwest) near Puerta del Socorro (2017)

literature

  • Víctor Echarri Iribarren: Las murallas y la Ciudadela de Pamplona , Fondo de Publicaciones del gobierno de Navarra, 2000, ISBN 84-235-1998-8 .
  • Juan José Martinena Ruiz: La Ciudadela de Pamplona (Colección breve de temas pamploneses, vol. 11), Ayuntamiento de Pamplona / Iruñeko Udala, Pamplona 1987, ISBN 84-505-5498-5 .

Web links

Commons : Citadel of Pamplona  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 42 ° 48 ′ 43 "  N , 1 ° 38 ′ 57"  W.