Civil intern
Civil internee is a special prisoner status under the Fourth Geneva Convention . Civil internees are civilians who are held captive by a war party for security reasons . Historical examples include the internment of Japanese Americans in the United States during World War II .
Civil internees in occupied Germany after the Second World War
Even before 1945, the headquarters of the allied forces in north-western Europe had developed criteria for the automatic arrest of civilians. These ranged from the top management level of the NSDAP to the local group leader , from the top Gestapo batches to leaders of the Hitler Youth , the Reichsnährstand and the German Labor Front . In May and June 1945 around 700 civilians were imprisoned each day, a total of 18,000 in August. In September 1945, 82,000 suspects were held in internment camps intended for the possible conviction of members of criminal organizations.
According to Harold Marcuse, over 100,000 Germans were imprisoned in internment camps in December 1945. Members of the SS and functionaries of the NSDAP and its subsidiary organizations who fell into the category of "automatic arrest" were interned by the American occupation authorities in the former Dachau concentration camp . The first internees were released in early 1946.
The Soviet military administration in Germany set up 10 special camps in the Soviet occupation zone . The former Buchenwald concentration camp became special camp No. 2 and the Sachsenhausen concentration camp became special camp No. 7. They were subordinate to the NKVD . Numerous civil internees were deported to the Soviet Union. During the negotiations during his visit to Moscow (September 9-13, 1955), Konrad Adenauer was able to secure the return of 10,000 prisoners of war and the release of 20,000 civilian internees.
The British occupation forces also set up a number of internment camps: the former Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg became internment camp No. 6 and the Esterwegen concentration camp became internment camp No. 9.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the page globalsecurity.org , accessed on January 23, 2012
- ↑ http://janeden.net/7-deutschlandpolitik-seit-1955