Zonocerus

Zonocerus
	Zonocerus elegans , recorded in Zambia
Systematics
Class :	Insects (Insecta)
Order :	Grasshoppers (Orthoptera)
Subordination :	Short-antennae terrors (Caelifera)
Family :	Cone head horror (Pyrgomorphidae)
Genre :	Zonocerus
Scientific name
	Zonocerus
	Stål , 1873

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Reason: Description is missing - what distinguishes the genus from other cone-head horrors? Why are the two species united in a common genus?

Zonocerus , also called harlequin terrors , is a genus of short- antennae terrors (Caelifera) of the cone-headed terrors family (Pyrgomorphidae) and the Phymateini tribe. The only two species arewidespreadin the tropical rainforest and near-forest savannahs of Africa, Zonocerus elegans mainly in central and southern regions, including Madagascar, and the harlequin shrimp ( Zonocerus variegatus ) in West and East Africa. Both species are important agricultural pests , especially in banana plantations, and are able to store pyrrolizidine alkaloids from food plants such as the widely cultivated milkweed manioc ( Manihot esculenta ) in their cuticula .

Harlequin Terrier ( Zonocerus variegatus )

species

Zonocerus elegans ( Thunberg , 1815): type species ; the form originally described by Thunberg as Gryllus elegans is now considered a subspecies Zonocerus elegans elegans .

Harlequin Terrier : Zonocerus variegatus ( Linnaeus , 1758)

Combat

Conventional insecticides are largely ineffective against Zonocerus . A mixture of peanut oil and the conidia of the fungus Metarhizium flavoviride , which attacks Schnabelkerfe , proved to be effective . Spraying the oily mixture resulted in high mortality in the harlequin insect, with 70 to 95% of the insects dying.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b M. Boppré, OW Fischer: Harlequin terrors (Orthoptera: Zonocerus) - harmful insects of a special kind. In: Healthy plants. 51, 1999, pp. 141-149.
↑ ^a ^b Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A. ., Didžiulis V. (ed): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalog of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist. . Species 2000: Reading, UK .. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
^ RF Chapman, WW Page, AR McCaffery: Bionomics of the Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus Variegatus) in West and Central Africa . In: Annual Review of Entomology , Volume 31, January 1986, pp. 479-505, doi : 10.1146 / annurev.en.31.010186.002403 .
↑ EA Bernays, RF Chapman, EM Leather, AR McCaffery, WWD Modder: The relationship of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) with cassava (Manihot esculenta) . In: Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 67, No. 3, September 1977, pp. 391-404, doi : 10.1017 / S0007485300011202 .
↑ CJ Lomer, RP Bateman, I. Godonou, D. Kpindou, PA Shah, A. Paraiso, C. Prior: Field Infection of Zonocerus variegatus following application of an oil-based formulation of Metarhizium flavoviride conidia . In: Biocontrol Science and Technology , Volume 3, 1993, pp. 337-340, doi : 10.1080 / 09583159309355288 .

[Boppré,_Fischer-1] M. Boppré, OW Fischer: Harlequin terrors (Orthoptera: Zonocerus) - harmful insects of a special kind. In: Healthy plants. 51, 1999, pp. 141-149.

[COL-2] Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A. ., Didžiulis V. (ed): Species 2000 & ITIS Catalog of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist. . Species 2000: Reading, UK .. Retrieved September 24, 2012.

[3] RF Chapman, WW Page, AR McCaffery: Bionomics of the Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus Variegatus) in West and Central Africa . In: Annual Review of Entomology , Volume 31, January 1986, pp. 479-505, doi : 10.1146 / annurev.en.31.010186.002403 .

[4] EA Bernays, RF Chapman, EM Leather, AR McCaffery, WWD Modder: The relationship of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Acridoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) with cassava (Manihot esculenta) . In: Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 67, No. 3, September 1977, pp. 391-404, doi : 10.1017 / S0007485300011202 .

[5] CJ Lomer, RP Bateman, I. Godonou, D. Kpindou, PA Shah, A. Paraiso, C. Prior: Field Infection of Zonocerus variegatus following application of an oil-based formulation of Metarhizium flavoviride conidia . In: Biocontrol Science and Technology , Volume 3, 1993, pp. 337-340, doi : 10.1080 / 09583159309355288 .