Zupfidiophon
According to the Hornbostel-Sachs system, a plucked idiophone is a musical instrument ( idiophone ) that sounds self-sufficient due to its material and which is made to sound by plucking lamellas attached to one side. An outdated term is plucking game .
A distinction is made between two categories according to the type of sound reinforcement and the number of slats.
Lamellophones
Instruments with multiple lamellas attached to a board or resonance box are called lamellophones . Each slat produces a tone. They were developed in sub-Saharan Africa and have spread there in a wide variety of formulas. With the transatlantic slave trade , African music and lamellophones also reached South America. Otherwise multi-tongue lamellophones are traditionally not found outside of Africa.
Regionally widespread designs are for example the mbira dza vadzimu of the Shona in Zimbabwe , the kalimba in Malawi and Zambia , the likembe in the Congo and Angola and the marimbula in the Caribbean . The lamellae are made of metal on most instruments, there are also numerous types of lamellophone with lamellae made from the leaf stalk of raphia palms and bamboo. Raphialamellen is owned by timbrh in Cameroon.
A Swiss invention of a mechanical musical instrument, which also belongs to the plucked idiophones and in which the lamellae are plucked by a rotating roller, is the music box .
Jew's Harps
Jew's harps ( morsing in India , qopuz in Central Asia , genggong in Indonesia ) do not have a resonance body, but mostly just a tongue that swings within a frame or bracket. The player takes the jew's harp in his open mouth and presses it against his teeth or fixes it with his lips, changing the shape and size of the mouth for sound amplification and sound modulation.
Susap is the name of a mouth-reinforced plucked idiophone made of bamboo fibers that is widely used in New Guinea's music . The Chinese kouxian is a special shape with five lamellas but without a frame, which is also one of the jew's harps because of its sound amplification through the oral cavity.
literature
- Gerhard Kubik : Lamellophone. In: Stanley Sadie (Ed.): The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians . Macmillan Publishers, London, 1981