Zwilling (Heeresfeldbahn)
| twin | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Number: | 454 |
| Manufacturer: | Borsig , Hagans , Hanomag , Hartmann , Henschel , Jung , Krauss , Linke-Hofmann , Orenstein & Koppel , Schwartzkopff |
| Year of construction (s): | from 1890 |
| Gauge : | 600 mm |
| Length over buffers: | 8,200 mm |
| Height: | 2,700 mm |
| Width: | 1,600 mm |
| Empty mass: | 2 × 7 t |
| Service mass: | 2 × 8.5 t |
| Top speed: | 20 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 580 mm |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 × 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 180 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 240 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 15 kg / cm² |
| Grate area: | 2 x 0.3 m² |
| Water supply: | 2 × 0.83 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 2 × 0.25 t |
The twin was a double locomotive series of the Bavarian, Prussian and Japanese army field railways . If a locomotive was used individually, it was called an Illing . Few vehicles were also used for civil traffic.
history
The first two locomotives for 600 mm gauge were delivered by the Hohenzollern Aktiengesellschaft für Lokomotivbau at the end of the 1880s ; but the machines did not prove themselves. Krauss built the first twin double locomotives for the Bavarian army in 1890. From then on, such machines were also procured from Krauss in Munich for the Prussian military. From the mid-1890s, other German locomotive manufacturers started producing this type of vehicle.
Twins were also used to a lesser extent for civilian traffic, so in 1901 Krauss delivered ten brand-new vehicles to German South West Africa . In addition, the Brotterode – Wernshausen field railway, built by Prussian railway troops, was operated with the series.
Since the vehicles proved to be too weak for many areas of use, the development of a more powerful locomotive began in 1901. A first example of the brigade locomotive was delivered in 1903, which did the job better. Nevertheless, the Japanese Army Field Railway procured a total of 188 twins in 1905/06; previously, five double locomotives had been delivered for testing in 1901. The Wahn firing range received three twins . The Bavarian Army Field Railway procured additional vehicles until at least 1914. In the end, Borsig , Hagans , Hanomag , Hartmann , Henschel , Jung , Krauss, Linke-Hofmann , Orenstein & Koppel and Schwartzkopff had built a total of 454 double locomotives.
During the First World War , German army field railway locomotives came to the Ottoman Empire , including twins and Illinge. On the narrow-gauge railway line Ilıca – Palamutluk from Ilıca via Edremit and Havran to Palamutluk, whose gauge is often given as 750 mm, but in other sources also as 600 mm, triple-coupled tank locomotives were used, which are said to have been built by Krauss in 1893. After the takeover by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) seven were classified as 33.91-97 . Based on a photograph, the 33.93 can be identified as an Illing manufactured by Krauss under the factory number 2944. Another Illing, manufactured by Henschel in 1895 under the serial number 4153, was in use on a mine railway in Çeltek near Samsun under number 1 .
The 154A locomotive has been preserved and is in front of the Windhoek station building .
construction
The advantages of the unusual double locomotive design were the ease of rerailing and the simpler transport options by dividing the twin as well as a high tractive force with low axle pressure. Most of the time, a partial locomotive was still operational if the vehicle was damaged, and it was also possible to pass through very small radii of curvature. The tendency of a twin to roll was neglected compared to the advantages.
Since the supplies carried were not sufficient for longer distances, a large number of additional tenders were built between 1890 and 1918. While the first four-axle so-called water vehicles held 3.15 m³ of water and 1 t of coal, the later vehicles were designed for 5 m³ of water and 1.2 t of coal.
Web links
- www.heeresfeldbahn.de Zwilling ( Memento from April 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Andreas Knipping: Railways in the First World War , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2004, ISBN 3-88255-691-9 , p. 17
- ^ Benno Bickel: The Turkish Railways and their Steam Locomotives , Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1976, DNB 770612326 , p. 115
- ^ Benno Bickel: The Turkish Railways and their Steam Locomotives , Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1976, DNB 770612326 , p. 46
- ^ A b E. Talbot: Steam in Turkey , Continental Railway Circle, Harrow 1981, ISBN 0-9503469-6-9 , p. 27
- ^ A b A. E. Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1966, p. 89
- ↑ Benno Bickel: The Turkish Railways and their Steam Locomotives , Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1976, DNB 770612326 , p. 101
- ^ E. Talbot: Steam in Turkey , Continental Railway Circle, Harrow 1981, ISBN 0-9503469-6-9 , pp. 47, 49, 55
- ↑ Benno Bickel: The Turkish Railways and their Steam Locomotives , Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1976, DNB 770612326 , pp. 106-107, 115
- ^ Steffen Dietsch: Die Trusebahn , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1996, ISBN 3-88255-421-5 , p. 22
- ^ Andreas Knipping: Railways in the First World War , EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2004, ISBN 3-88255-691-9 , p. 18