Hans Martin Sutermeister

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Master Suter in Bern (1961)
Signature of Hans Martin Sutermeister

Hans Martin Sutermeister (born September 29, 1907 in Schlossrued ; † May 4, 1977 in Basel ; pseudonym: Hans Moehrlen or Hans Möhrlen ) was a Swiss writer- doctor , private scholar and politician ( LdU ).

In addition to the autobiographical novella Between Two Worlds , Sutermeister published prose on medical, historical and aesthetic topics, including psychology and worldview . From 1945 to 1968 he ran a general medical practice in Bern . In the 1950s he tried unsuccessfully to do his habilitation three times , including with Schiller as a doctor . Then he started a family. As a member of the prisoners' union and the office against arbitrariness of office and association , he campaigned for those convicted of criminal offenses from 1960; The book Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of Errors of Justice , published in 1976, is based on his experiences . From 1968 to 1971 was Sutermeister LdU - council in Bern and coined the local school reform with. As a local councilor, he had the little red student book banned in the media, which made him famous throughout the country and from then on remembered as a controversial school director in Bern. After being voted out of office, he moved with his family to Basel, where he was still active as a journalist, before he passed away unexpectedly in 1977. His estate is in the Bern Burger Library .

Life

Youth and studies 1907–1942

From pastor's son to doctor

Sutermeister came from a Protestant pastor's family and was entitled to reside in Zofingen . His mother Maria Hunziker (1875–1947) was wealthy. His father, the religious socialist Friedrich Sutermeister (1873–1934), son of the writer Otto Sutermeister , worked as a pastor. His five siblings included the composer Heinrich Sutermeister and the writer Peter Sutermeister . The family moved from Schlossrued to Feuerthalen . Sutermeister attended primary school there , then the grammar school in neighboring Schaffhausen . The family then moved to Binningen , from where he attended the Humanist Gymnasium in Basel , where he passed the Matura in 1926 .

Following his father's wish, Sutermeister began to study theology at the University of Basel . After five semesters he passed the exam and was supposed to write a thesis on René Descartes in order to obtain a scholarship . Because he got into a conflict of conscience during this exam, he broke off the studies that he had continued in Germany. The conflict of conscience was based on the fact that he was “not destined for the path of the belief in authority”, as Gerhard Mauz wrote (1965), and that his relationship with his father, the pastor, deteriorated increasingly.

He moved away from his Protestant background and became increasingly interested in the natural sciences. He began studying medicine in Basel and continued it in Germany. Until 1933 he was active in the Kiel Republican Student Union. Then he returned to Switzerland, where he trained at various, mostly dermatological, clinics. He received his doctorate in 1941 under his uncle Hans Hunziker at the University of Basel with a thesis on the Swiss Tuberculosis Act ; the subject was assigned to him by Stavros Zurukzoglu .

The housekeeper: "How often did Lina take little Martin aside in order to secretly 'dry up' him and thus remove him from his father's punishment [...]". ( Between two worlds , p. 10.)

The autobiographical novella

In 1942 Sutermeister published the autobiographical novella Between Two Worlds under the pseudonym Hans Moehrlen, based on his great-grandfather Christoph Möhrlen (in French: Moehrlen) . In it the narrator describes his childhood, his youth as well as his student and bachelor days. The stages of these years are: the strict upbringing of his pious, bourgeois parents; the possible suicide of his brother Adrian - he died in the mountains in 1931 under uncertain circumstances - an event that drove his father insane; the break with his family and his move from the country to the city; his experience with “wine, women and song”, as Anton Schaller wrote (2012), from which he draws his lessons and becomes more mature; and finally his return to the middle-class milieu. In the course of the story, the narrator strips off his first name, which is perceived as elitist, and replaces it with the more popular "Hans". The preference for jazz and everything American is in contrast to the famous brother Heinrich Sutermeister , who is perceived as elitist and more rooted in German culture , the neoclassical composer, who is never mentioned in the novella. During the Second World War , the importation of Zwischen Zwei Welten into the German Reich was blocked.

The novella reads like a reckoning with the Protestant upbringing and his educated bourgeois origin : the Swiss writer Fredi Lerch (2012) attributes it to an “ideological ambition” that was typical at the time: Sutermeister wanted out of his “conservative, stiff, unreal, unhappy Break out of an intellectual »milieu of origin and become part of« a progressive, coarse-friendly non-intellectual class ». The last two pages of the story, in which he returns to his home environment and continues his medical studies, show that it should "stay with the escape attempt."

Psychological writings 1942–1945

Viewpoints

During the Second World War , Sutermeister did his military service as an HD doctor. His time in the Swiss Army is hardly documented. It should be mentioned that in the spring of 1945 he studied the physiological effects of the foehn on test subjects at the military sanitary facility in Flüelen with Étienne Grandjean and Walter Mörikofer , where he was interested in the psychosomatics of weather sensitivity . The foehn kept him busy for a long time, as his appearance on the same topic on Swiss television in 1964 shows.

What interested him more was psychology and current affairs. His writings on this point show that the war years were one of his most productive phases. Under the impact of the war, Sutermeister published a series of essays on physiological psychology between 1942 and 1945 . He looked for reasons for what he called the "contemporary intellectual crisis" and found the answers in the natural sciences. He was influenced by neopositivism and the Vienna Circle and advocated a scientific, so-called explanatory psychology as a contrast to the understanding psychology of Wilhelm Dilthey . The essay series includes his works Old and New Logic (1942), Understanding and Explanatory Psychology? (1942), nouns atque omen (1942) and psychology and worldview (1944). In them he advocated “a purely logical, metaphysics-free worldview that is hostile to all attempts at obscuring the humanities”, as Mario von Galli wrote (1945).

Like his autobiographical novella, his theses had an ideological ambition: According to Sutermeister, as Mario von Galli (1945) wrote about psychology and worldview , the main cause of the world crisis at the time was "to be found in the fact that people actually understand the logical, scientific knowledge does not apply to his life, but always falls back ( regresses ) into praelogical behavior ». In Psychology and Weltanschauung , Sutermeister wrote about the war: "There is a lot of talk today about whether after this second and hopefully last world war the 'light of the world' will come from America or from Russia." Elsewhere he wrote: "In a certain sense the divergence is one between the old and the new world, between tired, 'sentimental' Europe and vitally optimistic America." As well as: "Today we are finding an ideological turning point between two generations such as the one that world history has never seen before!" The “two generations” are symbolized in the book title Old and New Logic (1942): the “old world” is inferior to the “new world”, which Sutermeister wanted to explain scientifically, “psychologically” in the writings mentioned.

Other writings may be mentioned which show Sutermeister's point of view. In the socialist monthly Rote Revue , Sutermeister published an article in favor of the League of Nations and an article in favor of Fabianism between 1944 and 1945 . In 1945 he dedicated an article in the journal of the Freigeistigen Vereinigung der Schweiz, Der Freidenker, to neopositivism as the “coming unified worldview ”. Freethinking and neopositivism, with their rejection of everything irrational, were directed against the ideological, fascist mass phenomena of the time.

Polemics and forgetting

Hans Martin Sutermeister plays the bandoneon at a festival organized by the Zofingia student association

Sutermeister's writings were initially received positively by Swiss socialists. The writer Jakob Bührer agreed with Sutermeister in his writings Understanding or explanatory psychology? (1942) and Old and New Logic (1942) championed the "contemporary intellectual crisis". Bührer praised his declaration of the “economic foundations of intellectual development” and interpreted: “The botched instrument of capital , which led to the formation of the nation, the instrument of power also for the individual, which became many citizens, poses a deadly danger to the species, humanity , and this counteraction to the species instinct is the cause of the mental and spiritual distress and thus the mental illness. " Bührer agreed with Sutermeister that "the field must be taken against the magicians and nebulizers of real psychological facts". For the social democratic philosopher of science Emil J. Walter (1943), Sutermeister's book Nomen atque omen from 1942 was the “break-in of the most modern scientific thinking into the area of ​​stagnating“ spiritual science ”research and therefore deserves to be the first sign of a kind of Helvetian cultural rebellion or perhaps a crisis of our cultural recovery Helvetic intellectuals all respect seriously thinking and progressively minded people ».

The Swiss psychoanalyst Gustav Bally, on the other hand, was inclined (1943–1944) to write a “satire” on Sutermeister's book Nomen atque omen . He called the book a "document of private difficulties"; He refused Sutermeister to describe the humanities as “unscientific” because they were not based on “visible reality” and refused to allow Sutermeister to describe “Greek philosophy, […] Christ and [the] Christianity [and the ] Art »condemned. In Sutermeister's book, Bally discovered "the historical materialism of Marx in the thesis of the ruling class that demagogically hinders progress towards cerebration [...], the class that wants to hold back the masses in slave-perspective morality" and, above all, does this with its servants Poets who use “a prelogical language in the service of slave perspective propaganda” and “are therefore protected by the government to this day [...]”. He closed his criticism of Suter champion with the following words: "No one nor the Tabula Rasa has created in that he as the hyperactivity is bekleckerte with his father's soup instead - to spoon."

Sutermeister's New Viewpoints in Psychology in the same issue of the Swiss Journal of Psychology and Its Applications was a response to Bally's criticism. In it he wrote that he could only take Bally's "affective rejection of [his] thought processes, which in fact could not be objectively or logically challenged," into account Understand “sociological and ideological factors”.

For his part, the Jesuit Mario von Galli (1945) agreed with Sutermeister that the world was in a “spiritual crisis of the present”, which was not surprising in view of the Second World War . Galli, like the Catholic psychologist Gebhard Frei (1946), rejected Sutermeister's materialistic class thinking, the idea of ​​“ neurotizing the intellectual upper class”. According to Sutermeister, the upper class suffered from a neurosis due to their unnatural, illogical concept of morality, which made them more primitive . This is how the "" world neurosis "and in its wake the regression war " arose, as Galli Sutermeister summarized his ideas. In order to overcome the present crisis, Sutermeister demanded “the approximation of the practical view of life to theory and logic” and that all “religious and social camouflages [...] be given up”. Galli did not agree with that. He accused Sutermeister of “ showing a complete lack of understanding for all […] insights into the“ understanding ”psychology, holistic psychology, as well as the depth psychology of C. G. Jung , which for him are only“ attempts at obscuring the humanities ”[...] ». Sutermeister has the “torn image of man” in common with Ludwig Klages , in which “the spirit of Kant [...] becomes visible again and again , which with its division of reason into a“ pure ”and“ practical ”philosophically legitimized the deep crack”.

Sutermeister's writings from those years were soon forgotten. The last multi-page reception comes from the German sociologist Leopold von Wiese , who in 1960 devoted a book chapter to Sutermeister's psychology and world view . Sutermeister's concept of anxiety gression found its way into Uwe Henrik Peters ' Lexicon Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Medical Psychology (cf. 6th edition from 2007). He defined anxiety gression as a “fear-triggered downgrading of behavior to older biological stages of development; Examples are play dead reflex (paralysis) or storm of movement . [In the broader sense] any ‹primitive› behavior in fearful situations. " In contrast, recovery regressions would take place “by relieving the brainstem when experiencing” large rhythmic impulses such as jazz.

Physician 1945–1960

General practitioner and lecturer

In 1945 Sutermeister opened a general medical practice in Bern . In the same year he joined the Bern section of the left Labor Party , of which he was a member until at least 1949.

From 1946 to 1947 he worked for 15 months as a camp doctor for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the International Refugee Organization in Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia . As a medical officer of UNRRA in 1946/47 he had to fight the black market in penicillin and insulin in the areas of Munich- Pasing , Murnau and Mittenwald . About his experiences as a refugee doctor at UNRRA, he wrote two pages of a novel, which appeared in the Berner Tagblatt in 1949 under the title Drive through Europe's ruins .

Sutermeister tried to give his intellectual work a common thread and dealt with various topics without committing to any one. In the following years he worked as a lecturer in psychophysiology at the University of Bern . He was a member of the Psychological Society in Bern; until 1952 he wrote «approx. 50 works on psychophysiology and medical psychology ”, as he wrote in 1952 in his own entry in the Swiss Biographical Archive . He published writings on the concept of psychogenesis . At the adult education center in Bern he gave three courses: November / December 1953 the course “Medicine and Superstition”, which contained “an overview of the development of medicine from magic to modern medicine”; November / December 1954 the course "Introduction to the Basic Concepts of Psychology" and November / December 1955 a second, special part of the same course. In 1976, he published the content of the latter two courses in his book Basic Concepts of Psychology , with the material growing to 500 pages.

Attempted career leaps

An instructor in the history of medicine or medical psychology to get enough Suter champion in the early 1950s at the Medical Faculty of the University of Bern in succession three Habilitationsschriften one:

  • On the Changes in the Concept of Disease (1947),
  • Psychosomatics of Laughing and Weeping (1952) and
  • Schiller as a Doctor : A Contribution to the History of Psychosomatic Research (1954).

In 1953, Sutermeister took part in the 12th section for the history of medicine and natural sciences under the direction of the medical historian Henry E. Sigerist with the work on the history of the concept of psychogenics on Schiller . Sigerist (1953) called Sutermeister's writing Schiller as a doctor in a letter to Erich Hintzsche "a very nice work [...] which is also interesting for literary historians". A habilitation did not come about.

In 1957 he married a Berliner in Gsteig bei Gstaad , with whom he had three daughters in the following years. The witnesses were the Marxist psychologist Franz Keller and his wife. With Keller, who was politically to the left of Sutermeister, he had an increasingly tense friendship for decades. With the founding of the family, his publishing activity decreased significantly.

In 1959, Sutermeister published an overview of various diagnoses of illness by the composer Robert Schumann with the intention of making a «contribution to the problem of genius». Among other things, he referred to a Schumann biography of his brother Peter Sutermeister . During these years he also devoted various writings to music therapy , in which he regarded music therapy as a “method of clinically oriented psychotherapy”.

A high point in Sutermeister's biography was a television appearance in those years. His publication Das Föhnproblem in the context of modern meteoropathology from 1960 was decisive for the fact that Carl Zibung had him debate and interviewed by Peter Wyss in a two-part program on Swiss television with Étienne Grandjean and Johann Häfelin on the subject of The Föhn - Land Plague or Scapegoat . The program was framed by the dispute between Grandjean and Sutermeister over whether or not the foehn disease existed; Based on his experience as a general practitioner, Sutermeister and his patients took the position that the disease existed, whereas Grandjean wanted to use statistics to prove that it did not exist.

Misjudgment hunter 1960s

At the end of the 1950s, Sutermeister began to campaign for people who had been sentenced to prison terms by controversial legal judgments in Switzerland. As an employee of the office against official and Association arbitrariness of the country ring of Independents (LDU), he worked on the revisions to the convictions of Pierre Jaccoud , Maria Popescu , Walter Gross and Robert Willi with. As a physician, he justified his interest in forensics in 1976 as follows: " Medical diagnostics [...] is extremely similar to forensics, and [...] criminal psychology is inconceivable without medical psychology [...]." As a doctor, he considered it his duty to interfere in the jurisprudence: «The 'incursion of medicine into jurisprudence' is […] justified not only because it has stagnated for too long in a purely humanistic terminology, but because it is now also the pure circumstantial processes increase , in which the physician [...] usually has the decisive say. "

Jaccoud affair

The Geneva lawyer Pierre Jaccoud was convicted in Geneva in February 1960 of manslaughter on the agricultural machinery dealer Charles Zumbach. The motive for the crime was jealousy of Zumbach's son, who had taken Jaccoud's lover away; Jaccoud accidentally killed the father instead of the son on the night of the crime. Doubts about the legality of Jaccoud's conviction were never entirely dispelled; In 2001 the journalist Hanspeter Born dedicated an article in the magazine to these doubts . In it he wrote how Sutermeister publicly sided with Jaccoud in 1960 and sought a revision of the judgment. Sutermeister suspected that Jaccoud's conviction was based on false expertise and that Zumbach was murdered for political reasons . According to Born, he advocated the theory that the company that supplied Father Zumbach with agricultural machinery also illegally supplied weapons to the Algerian Liberation Movement (FLN). The anti-FLN organization de l'armée secrète had Zumbach killed by an agent. Thus Zumbach fell victim to a political settlement and Jaccoud had to serve as a scapegoat. Sutermeister did personal research to support his theory.

Pierre Jaccoud, convicted of manslaughter

His suspicion of a miscarriage of justice made a few waves in the spring of 1960, when the Swiss daily press was intensely concerned with the Jaccoud affair. Born (2001) wrote that the “zealous and zealous doctor from Bern […] [spread] his theses in letters, articles and pamphlets that brought him defamation lawsuits from the Geneva laboratory director,” Hegg. Some Swiss daily newspapers and the Bunte as well as the magazines Sie und Er and Der Spiegel took up Sutermeister's agitation, above all the Zurich Week in a series of articles by Walter Blickenstorfer . According to Jürgen Thorwald (1966), Sutermeister took the lead in a campaign that wanted to declare the Jaccoud affair “a“ new Dreyfus case ””.

Together with Roger Le Breton and Wolfgang Maresch, he challenged the evidence of blood traces that had led to the existing judgment against Jaccoud. To this end, he traveled to London and, in October 1960, to the forensic medical congress in Graz , Paris and Vienna to interview renowned forensic doctors. Letters, inquiries and requests for expressions of opinion found their way through Sutermeister "to coroners and serologists in Europe and America", as Thorwald (1966) wrote; they came to Alexander Solomon Wiener in New York as well as to Robin Coombs in Cambridge .

Sutermeister's work in the Jaccoud case was double-edged. According to Thorwald (1966), Sutermeister used unobjective attacks against the expertise of Erik Undritz and Albert Alder to deter "serious forensic doctors and serologists from participating in a review of the methods used to examine blood traces". On the other hand, his zeal helped to raise funds to put the management of the revision efforts in the hands of the "reputable" lawyers Horace Mastronardi and Roland Steiner . But these revision efforts were ultimately unsuccessful: Jaccoud served his sentence in prison, and in 1980 the revision of his judgment was rejected in the last instance (which Sutermeister did not live to see because he passed away in 1977). In 1976, Sutermeister devoted a chapter in Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of Errors of Justice to the medical-psychological aspects of the Jaccoud case, the “splendor and misery of expertise” .

Further "errors of justice"

In 1964 Sutermeister had a chalet built for himself and his family in Les Mosses in the canton of Vaud , which he used as a retreat for his work and a place of relaxation for his family until the end of his life. In 1966 he offered asylum to Günter Weigand , the leading figure in the German anti-psychiatry movement who had fled justice , a case that he described in his 1976 work Summa Iniuria .

He wrote a few specialist articles about the cases that Sutermeister handled as an employee of the office against official and association arbitrariness. With Gustaf Adolf Neumann , the owner of a Viennese tabloid, Sutermeister wanted to set up a "foundation to expose miscarriages of justice in Switzerland, the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria" called the last instance , as the Berner Tagblatt wrote in 1969. According to the Berner Tagblatt, the seat of the company should have been the Principality of Liechtenstein ; he wanted to work “together in all three countries” with the aim of clearing up “as many recent judicial errors as possible”. The Tagblatt wrote that he had also wanted to buy a printing press "to be able to produce leaflets and publications." "I am forced to, because I would have to publish things that publishers are afraid of being published," the daily newspaper quoted him as saying . "The apparatus should also be available to the newly founded prisoners ' union, whose board member" was Sutermeister. «According to his account, the determining factor in his intention to become a self-publisher was the fact that he could not get his manuscript 500 errors of justice anywhere. It is a collection of court cases from all over the world », which he self-published in 1976 under the title Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtäne .

Politician 1966–1971

Bernese Grand Council

In May 1966 Sutermeister was elected as a member of the LdU in the Grand Council of the Canton of Bern (constituency of Bern-Stadt). 1970 he succeeded "with the voices of the growing Bernese links Groups" re-election, as in the non-conformism archive of Fredi Lerch is to read. Until his resignation at the end of 1971, Sutermeister belonged to six council commissions; he was particularly interested in school, salary and tax issues in the Grand Council. For the LdU he was also a candidate for the National Council .

Election to the Bern municipal council

In December 1967, Sutermeister was elected to the City of Bern executive for the LdU and replaced Paul Dübi as school director of the city of Bern. His choice was unexpected because, in the words of his secretary Urs Marc Eberhard (1977), he was considered a “political outsider”. With Sutermeister's entry into the Bern municipal council, the LdU became the third strongest force in the city of Bern and was represented on this council for the first time in its history. His choice was made “at the expense of the common liberal-bourgeois list”, as read in the LdU newspaper Die Tat immediately after the election. «The election of the Dübi municipal council at the end of 1967 after 16 years in office caused quite a stir in the bourgeois parties. A motion demands major elections for the future in order to prevent such voting ”, wrote Bernese SP city councilor Liselotte Lüscher in her dissertation on the history of the Bern school reform in 1997 .

In the first years of his office, Sutermeister was considered progressive, cosmopolitan and politically more left. His greatest political opponents were the liberals ; their goal was to recapture the town council seat that had been lost to the LdU. The editors of the non-conformist Swiss student magazine Focus: the time-critical magazine wrote in 1970 that when Sutermeister was unexpectedly elected as school director, "the world [went] to a whole layer of calcified party strategists"; because Sutermeister "sometimes thinks that there are schools elsewhere - where going to school a bit might not actually be to the detriment of certain schoolmasters in our country". Among his voters were opponents of the war. He set up pre-schools and stood up for the independence of the Jura , for an enlightened youth, for women's suffrage in Switzerland and for a milder criminal justice system. In connection with the administrative supply , he called Switzerland an " unjust state ". In 1968, together with Klaus Schädelin and others, he founded the Swiss prisoners' union (Syndicat suisse des détenus) , which wanted to defend the interests of prisoners; For some time he was their board member. He participated in debates in the "non-conformist" discussion Keller Junkere 37 and represented in "Burgdorfer literary scandal" to the work of Gilgamesh by Guido Bachmann and in controversies about Martin Schwander "Group 67" the interests of the progressive student body. Sutermeister was considered a nonconformist among leftists. He was President of the Bern section of the European Union and brought educational reform ideas from the Eastern Bloc .

Sutermeister suffered a first defeat in 1969 when his school administration report was rejected by the Bern city council. It was the first time that the city council rejected the administrative report of a municipal council, as reported in the daily press outside of the canton of Bern. The reason for the rejection was that Sutermeister only gave superficial or imprecise answers to questions put to him by city councilors. But his party was behind him, and the idea circulated that the report was rejected not on factual but on political grounds. The refusal had no consequences; Sutermeister didn't have to change the report. He also received support from a “cultural and political podium”, which published leaflets in the city of Bern with the headline “The other Bern - Why you should be Dr. Sutermeister wants to finish »distributed. "The rejection of the school administration report of the city of Bern in the city council describes the flyers as a 'political maneuver of the majority parties against Sutermeister'."

comprehensive school

Part of Sutermeister's unconventional style was that he was an advocate of the comprehensive school . As a “democratic” alternative, the comprehensive school should replace previous Swiss school models and promote “each child individually according to their special abilities”, as his party colleague and supporter Luzius Theiler wrote in 1970. School visits in Copenhagen , Moscow , Stockholm and Israel inspired him to undertake his project of a "city Bernese education policy with the aim of internal and external school reform", as the title of his extensive report suggests, which he presented to the local council in 1971, but which was hardly discussed there. The journalist Viktor Moser wrote in August 1971 that the report had "numerous ambiguities and contradictions". According to Liselotte Lüscher (1997), Sutermeister was “an eloquent theoretician of the comprehensive school” who capitulated “to the realities” - especially to the resistance of the liberals and the BGB .

Scandal about the little red student book

Although Sutermeister was viewed as a progressive party member within the LdU, he caused quite a stir inside and outside his party when he attacked the little red student book , an education-critical manifesto that emerged from the 1968 movement , in June 1970 . From his point of view, it was “in its basic tendency, despite defensible anti-authoritarian ideas, tasteless”, as it could be read in the Schweizer Illustrierte . He was able to convince the Swiss Federal Prosecutor's Office that the little red school book was harmful to young people, whereupon the Federal Prosecutor's Office and the cantonal school management stopped selling the little book a short time later and its import into Switzerland was prohibited. His action against the little red student book brought the booklet wide publicity. All the newspapers reported about it; Under the title “A touch of Berner Rouge”, readers read in the Nebelspalter in the eyes of a girl in miniskirt ( drawn by Franco Barberis ): “Häsch's red Büechli nonig glässe?”, “Hesch dä gseh? The Sutermeister grad e swinger dergäge! "," Grüezi well, Mr. Sutermeister! ", And" But, but, Mr. Sutermeister! ".

Another "scandal" was triggered by Sutermeister's allegations against the school commission of the Bern secondary school in Laubegg. The inner cohesion in the LdU also began to waver more and more.

During the second half of 1970, the journalist and comedian Heinz Däpp Sutermeisters commented on falling popularity in various articles in the Basler National-Zeitung : "The two souls in Sutermeister's chest" (June 24); “Sutermeister and the Consequences: How should left-wing Bernese vote?” (August 6); "Sutermeister can't help it: another diatribe against the" little red school book ", the evil journalists and the soft federal court" (September 22nd).

In 1971, Sutermeister published an article in the social democratic journal Profil on “socio-psychological and socio-political causes and effects” of the “porn and hash threshold”. The editor-in-chief of Profil Richard Lienhard (1971) welcomed Sutermeisters from outside the social democracy . He wrote: «Why [...] criticism of a contribution by local councilor Dr. Sutermeister , whose attempt to uncover the sociological background of the porn and hash threshold should help to provoke the long-overdue statement from a socialist point of view? In our society, which has become a bit greasy, provocation is a tried and tested means of rousing people and getting them moving. " Franz Keller received the article more negatively, and with regard to Sutermeister's increasingly conservative position on issues of sexuality and drug use.

The Bernese teacher and songwriter Rosmarie Walter-Driver should be mentioned as a supporter of Sutermeister ; in letters to the editor she advocated the school principal.

Deselection from the municipal council

According to Liselotte Lüscher (1997), "School director Sutermeister [...] was closely observed throughout his term of office, especially from the bourgeoisie, and repeatedly had to fend off criticism." His reform ideas failed, as journalist Hans Kaufmann (1977) wrote, "primarily because of the sheer immense wealth of his interests and talents". So it happened that Sutermeister in December 1971 (“despite” the newly introduced women's suffrage, as he himself wrote) lost the election campaign for his town council seat against the FDP candidate Arist Rollier . From Sutermeister's point of view, “the state ring of the independents […] lost seats, as the approaching recession strengthened the fronts of the class struggle again and dissolved middle parties”.

The attacks that were made against him in various newspapers induced him to resign from his seat on the Grand Council ( Paul Günter took over his seat) and to no longer open a practice in Bern. “Although numerous politicians had spoken out in favor of compensation, the Bern executive refused to give Dr. Sutermeister a severance payment ”, as Heinz W. Müller wrote in 1977 in his daily newspaper obituary. The years in which he "served the public full-time were probably the most unfortunate in his life," said his obituary in the Bund .

«The non-re-election in 1971 left Dr. Sutermeister in a hurry clear his office thoroughly. Abandoned by fellow campaigners, political friends and opponents, disappointed by employees and those seeking help whom he had wanted to help, he returned to his medical profession. Where other retired members of the community council are waiting for pensions and areas of work that have been designated by friends, Dr. Sutermeister was fighting for existence at the age of 64, ”wrote his former secretary Urs Marc Eberhard in 1977.

Caricature on the deselection of Sutermeister Nico in the Tages-Anzeiger , December 1971

reception

During Sutermeister's time as a politician there are numerous articles in the Bernese Bund and in the daily newspaper . While the free-thinking union under Peter Schindler targeted him, the daily newspaper was more benevolent to him. Tagblatt journalist Karl Vögeli wrote in 1971: “Despite the short term of office, two events in the city's school policy remain associated with his name: he pushed through the continuous introduction of so-called coeducation (boys and girls in the same class). He achieved a second goal in his last year in office. With just a little more, the city council decided on a general school reform with the aim of introducing the comprehensive school. The planning and practical implementation of this reform will be left to his successor - Dr. After moving to Basel, Sutermeister is now satisfied that he was able to get the ball rolling with the fundamental decision. " According to the Berner Tagblatt journalist Heinz W. Müller (1977), Sutermeisters was unsettled as the management of the Bern school administration and teaching staff, which was perceived as “emotional” and “erratic”. With his politics, shaped by flashes of thought, [he] met with incomprehension in many places »; but "his greatest concern, [...] the establishment of a comprehensive school experiment," he was able to "push through": an experiment that was still running a decade later.

Liselotte Lüscher (1997) dedicates a chapter of her dissertation on the history of school reform in the city of Bern to the Sutermeister school administration . For Lüscher, the Sutermeister era, despite or thanks to its controversies, is considered to be a time of "awakening" in the educational sector for Bern; this was followed by a “slow, tenacious departure in the 1970s” and a reform dynamic in the 1980s.

With reference to Sutermeister's early novella Between Two Worlds , the former LdU party president Anton Schaller wrote (2012): Sutermeister “finds the balance between the two worlds, becomes a state ring politician, feels comfortable in it, between the parties from left and right”.

Sutermeister's personal conclusion was:

“Today's average politician has no backbone; however, his skin is so thick that he can stand without a backbone. "

Last years, 1972–1977

After he was voted out of the municipal council and left the Grand Council in 1972, Sutermeister moved from Bern to Basel on Grienstrasse, where he opened a new private general medical practice. In addition to his practice, which he ran with his family, he was "still actively involved in the discussion of public questions", although his letters to the editor sometimes led to "lively journalistic discussions", as Gustaf Adolf Wanner wrote in 1977 in the Basler Zeitung . So Sutermeister demanded in a letter to the editor in the mirror , the ticking time bomb scenario in kidnapping case Richard Oetker , referring in another letter to the editor position against a "fashionable chant against evil multinationals" (the pharmaceutical industry).

Regarding the Nestlé milk powder scandal in Africa , Sutermeister wrote in a letter to the editorial team of the television magazine Monitor in 1975 : “If the“ liberated ”illiterate nigger governments are now messing around with Nestlé milk without first getting clean drinking water, it is not the fault of the“ multinational Corporations »“. Nestlé used this letter in court against the Working Group Third World Bern ; therefore Otto-Peter Obermeier (1999) and Norbert Baumgärtner (2006) cite the sentence as an example of unsuccessful risk communication . Traude Bührmann (1978) described Sutermeister as a “racist” because of this sentence. Concerning this Nestlé case, Peter Krieg (1976) implicitly accused Sutermeister of “confronting the mechanisms of our global economy like a toddler confronts an airplane”.

In addition to the numerous letters to the editor, in the last years of his life, Sutermeister completed the works Basic Concepts of Psychology of Today and Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of Legal Errors , which he published in 1976 ("Elfenau Verlag"). The planned new edition of the work Von Tanz, Musik und other beautiful things (from 1944) in the same publishing house never came because he died unexpectedly of heart failure on May 4, 1977. Since he had achieved a certain prominence as the Bern municipal council, obituaries appeared in daily newspapers relating to his time as a councilor.

Sutermeister's estate is in the Bern Burger Library ; it includes personal documents, correspondence and hand copies.

Fonts

A personal copy of Sutermeister's Psychology and Weltanschauung (1944) in the Burgerbibliothek Bern

Literary

  • Between two worlds : novella . Mettler & Salz, Bern 1942.
  • Drive through Europe's ruins: experiences of a Bernese refugee doctor, Dr. med. Hans Sutermeister. Novel pages of the Sunday supplements of the Berner Tagblatt from May 15, 1949, p. 12, and May 22, 1949, p. 7. Reprinted with photos in the Almanac of German-speaking Writers' Doctors 2016 .
  • Crowd and music . In: Du: cultural monthly . tape 12 , 1952, pp. 61, 62 and 64 ( full text [accessed December 26, 2014]). Reprinted in the almanac of German-speaking writers' doctors 2015 .
  • Politician aphorism . Published in the obituary by Urs Marc Eberhard (1977) and in the Almanac of German-speaking Doctors of Writers 2015 .
  • Medicynical lovesickness . A Heinrich Heine parody, first published in Nebelspalter (year unknown); Reprints in the Almanac of German-speaking Doctors of Writers 2015 and in the Swiss Medical Journal (2015).

Technical prose (selection)

composition

literature

Reference book

  • Sutermeister, Hans-Martin . In: Willy Keller (Ed.): Swiss Biographical Archive . tape 1 . EPI Verlag Internationaler Publications, Zurich / Lugano / Vaduz 1952, p. 123-124 .

writer

Popular Scientists (selection)

Misjudgment hunters (selection)

  • Affaire Jaccoud: beaucoup de bruit pour rien. Un médecin bernois à la rescousse . In: Voix Ouvrière . No. 166 , July 19, 1960.
  • EL: Swiss doctor and nurse in the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes . In: He and She . No. 31 , July 28, 1960, p. 26-27 .
  • Jaccoud. A certain smile . In: Der Spiegel . No. 45 , 1960, pp. 71-73 ( online ).
  • Gerhard Mauz : Guilty because we have no one else: SPIEGEL reporter Gerhard Mauz on the misjudgment hunters Hans Martin Sutermeister and Gustav Adolf Neumann . In: Der Spiegel . No. 18 , 1965, p. 116, 118 ( online ).
  • Jürgen Thorwald : Bloody secret . In: The hour of the detectives: Becoming and worlds of criminalistics . tape 1 . Knaur, Munich / Zurich 1969, p. 257-258 .
  • pa: School director Dr. HM Sutermeister as a fighter against legal errors on an international basis . In: Berner Tagblatt . tape 82 , no. 182 (Monday morning), July 7, 1969, p. 3 .
  • Karl Peters : Sutermeister, Hans M .: Summa Iniuria. A pitaval of errors of justice. Basel 1976 . In: Journal for the entire field of criminal law . tape 88 , no. 1 , 1976, p. 993-995 .
  • Hanspeter Born : Wanted a murderer . In: The magazine . September 29, 2001, p. 16-32 .

Politician (selection)

  • "Satirical lens" with photo montage. Berner Tagwacht . 27./28. September 1969, p. 6.
  • The discussion would have been more sensible: Bern's school director publicized a controversial book from Denmark . (Spring), 1970.
  • hub: School director censors Radio Bern . In: National newspaper . No. 280 (Abendblatt), June 23, 1970, p. 3 .
  • Heinz Däpp : The two souls in Sutermeister's chest . In: National newspaper . No. 282 , June 24, 1970, pp. 6 .
  • Sergius Golowin : The school of fear . In: Focus: the time-critical magazine . 10 (special issue: July / August), 1970, p. 44 .
  • z / p: Mr. Sutermeister and the Landesring ideals . In: The Landbote . No. 161 , July 15, 1970, pp. 6 .
  • Heinz Däpp: Sutermeister and the consequences: How should left Bernese vote? In: National newspaper . No. 356 , August 6, 1970, p. 3 .
  • Hans Mühlethaler : the little red school book affair . In: Focus: the time-critical magazine . No. 11 , 1970, pp. 26-28 .
  • Viktor Moser : School reform under the microscope: The city school director Dr. HM Sutermeister published a general report on the subject of “comprehensive school”. It is characterized by numerous ambiguities and contradictions . In: Berner Tagwacht . No. 377 , August 20, 1971, p. 3 .
  • K: Decision without ifs or buts: School director Dr. Sutermeister clearly beaten - Arist Rollier elected to head the joint proposal . In: The Bund . No. 292 , December 14, 1971, p. 33 .
  • Eduard Nacht : Sutermeister was no longer elected . With a caricature by Nico . In: Tages-Anzeiger . No. 292 , December 14, 1971, p. 5 .
  • Karl Vögeli : With the thanks of the public in the well-deserved retirement: Last day of office of local councilor Dr. Hans Martin Sutermeister . In: Berner Tagblatt . December 29, 1971, p. 11 (report with short biography and photo).
  • Liselotte Lüscher : History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance. Peter Lang, Bern 1997. Chapter
    • 2.4.1 Legislative period 1968 to 1971 (school director HM Sutermeister, LdU). Pp. 41-46.
    • 3.2.1 The 'Regulations' of Konrad Schütz and the further course up to the deselection of the school director Sutermeister. Pp. 66-75.
  • Fredi Lerch: Mueller's Path to Paradise: Nonconformism in Bern in the 1960s . Rotpunktverlag, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-85869-218-2 , p. 677–678 ( fredi-lerch.ch [accessed December 26, 2014]).

Obituaries

  • Gustaf Adolf Wanner : HM Sutermeister has died . In: Basler Zeitung . No. 94 , May 7, 1977, pp. 31 .
  • Hans Kaufmann: HM Sutermeister has died . With photo. In: The Bund . No. 107 . Bern May 9, 1977, p. 9 .
  • Heinz W. Müller : Dr. Hans Martin Sutermeister has died: Dedicated doctor and politician . With photo. In: Berner Tagblatt . May 9, 1977, p. 6 .
  • -ld: † Dr. Master sitter . In: Berner Nachrichten . May 9, 1977, p. 11 .
  • Urs Marc Eberhard: Died in Basel: old school director Dr. med. HM master sutter . In: Berner Jugend - Berner Schule: magazine for parents, published by the teaching staff and school management of the city of Bern . No. 2 . Education Office of the City of Bern, Bern June 1977, p. 11 .

Film documents

Web links

Catalogs

Short biographies

Illustrations

Commons : Hans Martin Sutermeister  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d Willy Keller (Ed.): Swiss Biographical Archive . tape 1 . EPI Verlag Internationaler Publications, Zurich 1952, p. 123-124 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Meyer: The Humanist Gymnasium Basel 1889-1989 . Schwabe, Basel 1989, ISBN 3-7965-0893-6 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i short biography . In: Almanac of German-speaking writers' doctors . tape  37 . WE Weinmann, Filderstadt 2015, ISBN 978-3-921262-65-8 , p. 548–558 (Published September 2014).
  4. ↑ a b Gerhard Mauz : Guilty because we have no one else: SPIEGEL reporter Gerhard Mauz on the misjudgment hunters Hans Martin Sutermeister and Gustav Adolf Neumann . In: Der Spiegel . No.  18 , 1965, p. 116, 118 ( online ).
  5. ^ Hans Moehrlen: Between two worlds : Novelle . Mettler & Salz, Bern 1942, DNB  575152796 , p. 21-23 .
  6. ^ Hans Moehrlen: Between two worlds: Novelle . Mettler & Salz, Bern 1942 (passim).
  7. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of errors of justice . Elfenau Verlag, Basel 1976, p. 26 .
  8. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: The Swiss Tuberculosis Law: History, content, execution and success up to the present . Benno Schwabe & Co., Basel 1941 ( archive.org - dissertation from the University of Basel).
  9. ↑ Corpse found . In: Liechtensteiner Nachrichten . No.  70 , June 25, 1931, p. 2 , col. 2 ( eliechtensteinensia.li [PDF; 283 kB ; accessed on December 26, 2014]).
  10. ↑ a b Anton Schaller : Between Two Worlds: Memory of the Landesring or what a little novel can do. Column 182 on Seniorweb.ch , April 29, 2012.
  11. ↑ a b c d e Fredi Lerch : Early evidence of Swiss non-conformism . In: Revista Espaço Acadêmico . tape  12 , no. 134 , July 2012, p. 181-183 .
  12. ↑ This is evidenced, among other things, by his publications On the Current State of Foehn Research (1944), Hundred Years of Foehn Research (1944), Foehn and Foehn Sickness (1945), Illness, Weather and Climate (1945) and The Foehn Problem in the Framework of Modern Meteoropathology (1960) .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h New psychology in search of the causes of the present intellectual crisis: On the theses of Hans Sutermeister . In: Mario von Galli (Ed.): Apologetic sheets . tape  9 , no. 9 . Zurich May 15, 1945, p. 81-83 .
  14. ^ A b c Hans Martin Sutermeister: Psychology and Weltanschauung . Hans Huber, Bern 1944, p. 163.
  15. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: On the history of the League of Nations idea. In: Rote Revue: socialist monthly , volume 24 (1944–1945), issue 2, pp. 60–64, doi: 10.5169 / seals-335090 .
  16. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Fabianism. In: Rote Revue: socialist monthly , volume 24 (1944–1945), issue 9, pp. 311–314, doi: 10.5169 / seals-335115 .
  17. ↑ a b Jakob Bührer : The spiritual catastrophe: open letter to Dr. Hans Suttermeister . In: Rote Revue: socialist monthly . tape  22 , no. 11 , July 1, 1943, p. 397-399 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-334656 .
  18. ↑ Emil J. Walter : Cultural recovery crisis? In: Red Revue: Socialist monthly. 22nd year, May 1943, issue 9, pp. 305–308. doi: 10.5169 / seals-334642
  19. ↑ a b c Gustav Bally : Dr. Hans Martin Sutermeister: Nomen atque omen . In: Swiss journal for psychology and its applications . tape  2 (1943/1944) , 1944, pp. 221-222 .
  20. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: New points of view in psychology . In: Swiss journal for psychology and its applications . tape 2 , no. 4 , 1944, pp. 307-312 .
  21. ↑ Gebhard Frei : Psychology, Parapsychology and Weltanschauung . In: Schweizer Rundschau . tape  46 , no. 7/8 (October / November), 1946, pp. 585-593 .
  22. ↑ a b Uwe Henrik Peters : Lexicon of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Medical Psychology . 6th edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich / Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-437-15061-6 , pp.  36 .
  23. ^ Franz Josef Friederich: Social Implications of Music Therapy: A Sociological Investigation of the Situation of the Mentally Ill . Cologne 1980, p. 162 .
  24. ↑ Party of Labor , Bern-Stadt section , list of members of January 12, 1949, p. 83.
  25. Jump through Europe's ruins: the experiences of a refugee doctor from Bern, Dr. med. Hans Sutermeister. Novel pages of the Sunday supplements of the Berner Tagblatt from May 15, 1949, p. 12, and May 22, 1949, p. 7.
  26. ↑ a b H. M. Sutermeister (Bern). On the history of the concept of psychogenics . Book review. In: Negotiations of the Swiss Natural Research Society . tape  133 , 1953, ISSN  0080-7362 , pp. 141–142 ( E-Periodica.seals.ch [accessed December 26, 2014]).
  27. ^ Course programs for 1953, 1954 and 1955 at the Adult Education Center in Bern .
  28. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Basic concepts in today's psychology . Elfenau Verlag, Basel 1976, p. 1 .
  29. ↑ In 1955 Schiller was published as a doctor as Volume 13 of the Bern Contributions to the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences . Source: 14th report of the commission for the Dr. Joachim de Giacomi for 1953 . In: Negotiations of the Swiss Natural Research Society . tape 134 , 1954, ISSN  0080-7362 , pp. 256 ( e-periodica.ch [accessed December 26, 2014]).
  30. ^ A b Marcel H. Bickel : Henry E. Sigerist: Four selected correspondence with medical historians in Switzerland . Peter Lang, Bern 2008, ISBN 978-3-03911-499-3 , pp.  378, 572-574 .
  31. ↑ Cf. Franz Keller : Commune - Degeneration or Progress? In: Profile: social democratic journal for politics, economy and culture . tape 50 , no. 3 , 1971, p. 86-88 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-338363 .
  32. ↑ As can be seen on the Worldcat publication timeline .
  33. ↑ Peter Sutermeister : Robert Schumann, his life based on letters, diaries and memories . Ex libris, Zurich 1949.
  34. ^ Passim in: Journal for Psychotherapy and Medical Psychology , 1967, Volume 17, pp. 81-89.
  35. ↑ Carl Zibung : The Föhn - Plague or Scapegoat. Two-part report on the origins and effects of the hair dryer. With Peter Wyss (reporter), Johann Häfelin , Hans Martin Sutermeister, Étienne Grandjean , Fridolin Tschudi , Walter Mörikofer , Jean Lugeon , Wolf Weihe and Rolf Knie senior and others. Swiss television , May 22 and 29, 1964.
  36. ↑ a b Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of errors of justice . Elfenau Verlag, Basel 1976, OCLC 800806162 , p. 22 .
  37. ↑ a b c d e f Hanspeter Born : Murderers wanted . In: The magazine . September 29, 2001, p.  30-31 .
  38. ↑ See e.g. E.g .: Affaire Jaccoud: beaucoup de bruit pour rien. Un médecin bernois à la rescousse. In: Voix ouvrière , July 19, 1960, no. 166. And: UPI: Toujours la révision du procès Jaccoud: Le Dr Sustermeister apporterait des éléments nouveaux. Qui est le mystérieux «Suisse d'Espagne»? In: L'Impartial , July 27, 1960, p. 14. And: AR: La confrontation entre le chauffeur de taxi et le mystérieux "MX" de l'affaire Jaccoud: Les "révélations du Dr Sutermeister" réduites à néant. In: L'Impartial , August 8, 1960, p. 6.
  39. ↑ Article In: Bunte . 1963, p. 12.
  40. ↑ See series of articles by editor EL in the tabloid Sie und Er , u. a. EL: Swiss doctor and nurse in the footsteps of Sherlock Holmes . In: He and She . No. 31 , July 28, 1960, p. 26-27 .
  41. ↑ Jaccoud. A certain smile . In: Der Spiegel . No.  45 , 1960, pp. 71-73 ( online ).
  42. ↑ Walter Blickenstorfer's series of articles published in the Zürcher Woche in 1960 comprised the following articles (page 3 of the respective issue): No. 3 (January 15): The tragedy Jaccoud . No. 5 (January 29): Impressions from Geneva: Jaccoud - guilty or innocent? . No. 6 (February 5th): Jaccoud and the revolt of the fifty-year-olds: portrait of a Janus head . No. 8 (February 19): The Limits of the Jury . No. 17 (April 22): Was the “ red hand ” involved? . No. 19 (May 6): The “Red Hand”: Patriots and killers . No. 20 (May 13): Embarrassing questions about the Jaccoud case . No. 26 (June 24): Reactions to the Jaccoud case . No. 32 (August 5): On the Jaccoud case: Coroner Hegg answers . (Lead: Mr. Hegg, head of the forensic laboratory of the Canton of Geneva, answered our “embarrassing” questions through his Zurich lawyer, Dr. Albert Züblin . ). No. 44 (October 28): Jaccoud expert Hegg complains against the “Zurich Week” .
  43. ↑ a b c d Jürgen Thorwald : Bloody secret . In: The hour of the detectives: Becoming and worlds of criminalistics . tape  1 . Knaur, Munich / Zurich 1966, p. 257-258 .
  44. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of errors of justice . Elfenau Verlag, Basel 1976, The Pierre Jaccoud case (or the affair that wasn't) , p. 47-81 .
  45. ↑ a b with a short biography . In: Almanac of German-speaking writers' doctors . tape  38 . WE Weinmann, Filderstadt 2015, ISBN 978-3-921262-66-5 , p. 480-491 .
  46. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: A Pitaval of errors of justice. Elfenau Verlag, Basel 1976, p. 676.
  47. ↑ a b c d e pa: School director Dr. HM Sutermeister as a fighter against legal errors on an international basis . In: Berner Tagblatt . tape 82 , no. 182 (Monday morning), July 7, 1969, p. 3 .
  48. ↑ Short biography in the Nonconformism Archive Fredi Lerch, Swiss Literature Archive , 2011.
  49. ^ Welcome to the opening of the session by the President of the Grand Council, Hans Mischler . In: Great Council of the Canton of Bern (ed.): Daily newspaper of the Great Council of the Canton of Bern . Bern February 7, 1972, p.  3 .
  50. ^ Bernhard Wyss: The state ring in the National Council elections of 1963, 1967 and 1971 . Thesis. University of St. Gallen 1974.
  51. ↑ Surprising outcome of the Bern municipal council elections: State ring candidate Dr. HM Sutermeister elected. - School director P. Dübi falls by the wayside . In: Berner Tagblatt . tape  80 , no. 341 (morning edition), December 11, 1967.
  52. ^ Wa: Municipal and city council elections in Bern: Landesring holds with Dr. HM Sutermeister moves into the local council for the first time: School director Paul Dübi (freis.) Fell by the wayside as a victim of proportional representation . With photo. In: Berner Tagblatt . tape 80 , no. 341 (evening edition), December 11, 1967, p. 3 or 4 .
  53. ↑ a b c d Urs Marc Eberhard: Died in Basel: old school director Dr. med. HM master sutter . In: Berner Jugend - Berner Schule: magazine for parents, published by the teaching staff and school management of the city of Bern . No. 2 . Education Office of the City of Bern, Bern June 1977, p. 11 .
  54. ^ National ring successes also in Bern . In: The deed . December 12, 1967, p.  4 (With photo of Sutermeister).
  55. ↑ a b c Liselotte Lüscher : History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, ISBN 3-906754-67-7 , 2.4.1 legislative period 1968 to 1971 (school director HM Sutermeister, LdU), p.  41 .
  56. ↑ Lead to: Hans Martin Sutermeister: Is Moscow worth a trip? New school models in East and West . In: Focus: the time-critical magazine . No. 7 , April 1970, p. 35-36 .
  57. ^ Establishment of pre-schools in the city of Bern by the school director Dr. med. HR master supervisor. In: Schweizerische Lehrerzeitung 43, October 24, 1968. And: School and Psychology . Volume 15. Ernst Reinhardt Verlag , Basel, 1968.
  58. ↑ Le directeur des écoles de Berne: blâmé pour son attitude envers le Jura. In: Le Nouvelliste . November 30th / 1st December 1968, p. 2. And: ats: Le directeur des écoles de Berne sur la sellette. In: L'Express , November 30, 1968, p. 8 / L'Impartial , November 30, 1968, p. 28.
  59. ↑ interpellation . by Hans Martin Sutermeister regarding the exclusion of a student from the Burgdorf high school. In: Great Council of the Canton of Bern (ed.): Daily newspaper of the Great Council of the Canton of Bern . Bern February 16, 1967, p.  176-177 .
  60. ^ Written request from Hans Martin Sutermeister regarding the right to vote for women . In: Great Council of the Canton of Bern (ed.): Daily newspaper of the Great Council of the Canton of Bern . Bern September 15, 1966, p.  392-393 (answer on p. 608).
  61. ↑ For example in: Hans Martin Sutermeister: Summa Iniuria: Ein Pitaval der Justizirrtäne. Basel, 1976, pp. 659-660.
  62. ^ Daily newspaper of the Grand Council of the Canton of Bern . Born 1966–1972. Buchdruckerei Neukomm AG, Bern. And: minutes of the meetings of the city council and the municipal votes. City of Bern, born 1968–1971.
  63. ^ Kurt Marti : Notes and Details 1964–2007: Articles from the magazine “Reformatio” . Ed .: Hektor Leibundgut , Klaus Bäumlin , Bernard Schlup. Theological Publishing House Zurich , Zurich 2010, ISBN 3-290-17541-3 , p.  294 .
  64. ↑ Chronology of Junkere 37 and short biography in the Nonconformism Archive Fredi Lerch , Swiss Literature Archive , 2011.
  65. ↑ Fredi Lerch: The scandal book: "Gilgamesch" and the consequences . In: Berner Zeitung . October 28, 2003, p. 22 .
  66. ↑ The "Burgdorf Literature Scandal" and its consequences to this day . In: Burgdorfer Tagblatt . February 28, 2007, p.  14–15 ( pdabern.ch [PDF; 2.3 MB ; accessed on December 26, 2014]). pdabern.ch ( Memento of the original from May 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pdabern.ch
  67. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Why do our middle school students and students rehearse the uprising? In: The Bund . No. 138 . Bern June 16, 1968.
  68. ↑ According to the socialist temporary service , Sutermeister was "known in Bern for his extravagance in the council and as a 'nonconformist'"; Source: U. Schreiber: Red Guide to Teacher Education . In: Zeitdienst: Independent socialist information . No. 25 , June 26, 1970, pp. 162 .
  69. ↑ Sergius Golowin : The school of fear . In: Focus: the time-critical magazine . 10 (special issue: July / August), 1970, p.  44 .
  70. ↑ Luzius Theiler : Bern 80. Ideas for a homely city. Series of publications by the National Ring of Independents, as of Bern. No. 2, 1970, p. 21 (with photo: “Headmaster Sutermeister: Struggle for a better school”).
  71. ↑ a b c d ats: Le directeur des écoles a été imprécis… Le Conseil de ville de Berne refuse le rapport de gestion de la direction des écoles . In: L'Express . June 14, 1969, p. 27 .
  72. ↑ a b gf: leaflets per master sitter . In: Berner Tagblatt . tape 82 , no. 182 (Monday morning), July 7, 1969, p. 3 .
  73. ↑ Luzius Theiler: Bern 80. Ideas for a homely city . In: Series of publications by the National Ring of Independents, Bern status . No. 2 , 1970, p. 22 .
  74. ↑ A small question from Fritz Hess (Freisinniger) “regarding the school director's trip to Israel” . In: City Council Bern (Ed.): Minutes of the meetings of the City Council and the municipal votes . First half of the year, 1971, ISSN 0523-0357 , p.   255, 513-514 .
  75. ↑ Liselotte Lüscher: History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, ISBN 3-906754-67-7 , 2.4.1 legislative period 1968 to 1971 (school director HM Sutermeister, LdU), p. 41-46 .
  76. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Possibilities of an internal and external school reform in the sense of the comprehensive school in the city of Bern . School management, Bern 1971.
  77. ^ Réforme Scolaire . In: Éducateur et bulletin corporatif: organe hebdomadaire de la Société Pédagogique de la Suisse Romande . tape  107 , no. 21 , June 18, 1971, p. 488 ( E-Periodica.ch [accessed December 26, 2014]).
  78. ↑ Liselotte Lüscher: History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, p. 45 .
  79. ↑ Viktor Moser : School reform under the microscope: The municipal school director Dr. HM Sutermeister published a general report on the subject of “comprehensive school”. It is characterized by numerous ambiguities and contradictions . In: Berner Tagwacht . No.  377 , August 20, 1971, p. 3 .
  80. ↑ Liselotte Lüscher: History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, p. 69-73 .
  81. ^ A b Klaus Thiele-Dohrmann : Disturbance of the peace in Bern . In: The time . No.  30 , 1970 ( zeit.de ).
  82. ↑ a b c Peter H. Schürmann : Much Ado about a Red Booklet. The ban is pronounced - the discussion continues . In: Schweizer Illustrierte . No.  28 , July 6, 1970, pp. 16-17 .
  83. ^ Paul Ehinger : III. Parties and associations - Partis et associations . In: Swiss Association for Political Science (ed.): Année politique suisse - Swiss Politics in 1970 . Sixth year. Bern 1971, p.  190 .
  84. ↑ Sutermeister "exposes himself [...] to the 'Little Red Student Book', which he describes as 'communist disintegration work', which makes 'the youth ready for storm'". Reference to: Sergius Golowin's article Die Schule der Angst in Focus: das Zeitkritische Magazin , No. 10 (special issue: July / August) 1970, p. 44. In the short biography in the Nonconformism Archive Fredi Lerch , Swiss Literature Archive , 2011.
  85. ^ Fritz Hirzel : Federal Prosecutor's Office confiscates "grossly lewd" literature . In: Tages-Anzeiger . July 11, 1970 ( fritzhirzel.com [accessed December 26, 2014]).
  86. ↑ Results of the picture legend competition ‹What you read in the eyes!› In: Nebelspalter . No.  33 , August 19, 1970, pp. 18 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-509833 .
  87. ↑ Sutermeister's second coup. In: AZ-Basel. No. 56, spring 1971.
  88. ^ On the Laubegg affair. In: The Bund. No. 129, summer 1971.
  89. ↑ Berner Landesring as a left alternative: Receipt for the failed expulsion process against Luzius Theiler . Left slide in the board. Sutermeister's mortgage. In: National newspaper. No. 112, spring 1971.
  90. ↑ Heinz Däpp : The two souls in Sutermeister's chest . In: National newspaper . No.  282 , June 24, 1970, pp. 6 .
  91. ↑ Heinz Däpp: Sutermeister and the consequences: How should left Bernese vote? In: National newspaper . No. 356 , August 6, 1970, p. 3 .
  92. ↑ Heinz Däpp: Worth checking: The integrated comprehensive school. Bernese Education Directorate wants to set up a commission of experts to prepare comprehensive school experiments / Sutermeister can't help it: again a diatribe against the “little red school book”, the evil journalists and the soft federal court . In: National newspaper . September 22, 1970.
  93. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: The porn and hash threshold: socio-psychological and socio-political causes and effects . In: Profile: social democratic journal for politics, economy and culture . tape 50 , no. 1 , 1971, p. 4-9 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-338343 .
  94. ↑ Richard Lienhard : Why more printer's ink? In: Profile: social democratic journal for politics, economy and culture . tape  50 , no. 3 , 1971, p. 68-69 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-338358 .
  95. ^ Franz Keller : Commune - Degeneration or Progress? In: Profile: social democratic journal for politics, economy and culture . tape  50 , no. 3 , 1971, p. 86-88 , doi : 10.5169 / seals-338363 .
  96. ↑ See e.g. B. her articles in Berner Jugend - Berner Schule as well as her "Libres opinions" in L'Express : Les indésirables , June 19, 1969, p. 8; Encurageons la subversion scolaire! On the subject of “Petit livre rouge des écoliers” , July 16, 1970, p. 8; Encore quelques remarques sur le "Petit livre rouge des écoliers" , 23 July 1970, p. 8.
  97. ↑ a b c Hans Kaufmann: HM Sutermeister has died . In: The Bund . No. 107 . Bern May 9, 1977, p. 9 .
  98. ^ A b Hans Martin Sutermeister: Possibilities of an internal and external school reform in the sense of the comprehensive school in the city of Bern . School directorate, Bern 1971, epilogue (inserted after Sutermeister's vote on December 12, 1971 between pp. 197 and 198).
  99. ^ Karl Vögeli : Local council election: Sutermeister came away empty-handed . With a photo by Hans Martin Sutermeister. In: Berner Tagblatt . December 14, 1971, p.  11 .
  100. ↑ Karl Vögeli: Miracles do not repeat themselves: Landesring losers of the election . With a photo by Hans Martin Sutermeister. In: Berner Tagblatt . December 14, 1971, p. 11 .
  101. ↑ See also: Background of a move . In: Vaterland , No. 296, December 1971. And: Jürg Frischknecht : HM's last official act . In: National-Zeitung , No. 27, January 1972. See also Sutermeister's reply in the National-Zeitung , No. 47, p. 21.
  102. ↑ Change in the Grand Council . In: The Bund . No.  297 . Bern December 20, 1971, p. 27 .
  103. ↑ a b c Gustaf Adolf Wanner : HM Sutermeister died . In: Basler Zeitung . No.  94 , May 7, 1977, pp. 31 .
  104. ↑ a b Sutermeister comes to Basel. In: Basler Nachrichten . December 21, 1971.
  105. ↑ a b Heinz W. Müller : Dr. Hans Martin Sutermeister has died: Dedicated doctor and politician . In: Berner Tagblatt . May 9, 1977, p.  6 .
  106. ↑ Some federal articles on the Bern municipal council elections of December 1967 and December 1971.
  107. ↑ Karl Vögeli: With the thanks of the public in the well-deserved retirement: Last day of office of councilor Dr. Hans Martin Sutermeister . In: Berner Tagblatt . December 29, 1971, p. 11 .
  108. ↑ Liselotte Lüscher: History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, p. 41-46 and pp. 66-75 .
  109. ↑ Liselotte Lüscher: History of the school reform in the city of Bern from 1968 to 1988: An analysis of the approach and the resistance . Peter Lang, Bern 1997, p. 6 and passim .
  110. ↑ letter in Der Spiegel , 04/1977 of 17 January 1977, p 12, and reader response in subsequent editions.
  111. ↑ letter in Der Spiegel , 41/1976 of 4 October 1976, p. 6
  112. ^ Working group Third World Bern : Export interests against breast milk: the fatal progress through baby food . Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 1976, ISBN 3-499-14065-9 , p. 90 .
  113. ↑ Otto-Peter Obermeier : The art of risk communication: About risk, communication and topic management . Gerling Akademie Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-932425-19-7 , milk powder for the "children of the poor": the controversy about the legitimacy of marketing practices, p. 180 : "And in a document of evidence from Nestlé AG we read the lines written by a general practitioner:" If the liberated, illiterate nigger governments are now messing around with Nestlé milk without first getting clean drinking water, it is not the fault of the › multinational corporations ‹«. The last quote also marks Nestlé's original legitimation strategy. We have always done it that way, we have the authority and the specialist knowledge. We deliver flawless products. The guilt lies with the victims, as the quote expresses it. "
  114. ↑ Norbert Baumgärtner: Trust as a target value in the PR of technology-oriented industrial companies . In: Heinz Pürer , Wolfgang Eichhorn, Karl Pauler (eds.): Media, politics, communication: Festschrift for Heinz-Werner Stuiber . Verlag Reinhard Fischer, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-88927-407-6 , p. 406 : "When Nestlé got into public discussion because of its export practices of infant dry milk to third world countries that cannot provide the necessary hygienic standards for this form of nutrition, a general practitioner working for the group commented as follows:" If the liberated, illiterate nigger governments now do mischief with Nestlé milk without first getting clean drinking water, it is not the fault of the 'multinational corporations'. "(Quoted from Obermeier 1999b, p. 180)."
  115. ↑ Traude Bührmann : Do children die because of Nestlé? In: Courage: Berliner Frauenzeitung . No. 3, 1978, No. 2, pp. 26-27.
  116. ↑ Peter Krieg : Plea for intolerance. In: Jane Cottingham (Ed.): Bottle children: Documentation on the problem of artificial baby food. Internationaler Fraueninformationsdienst, Carouge 1976, pp. 35–37.
  117. ^ Barbara Verrel: International publishing address book with ISBN register . KG Saur, 1983, p. 681 .
  118. ^ Holdings: Estate of Hans Martin Sutermeister (1907–1977). Burger Library Bern . link
  119. ↑ Hans Martin Sutermeister: Medicynical lovesickness . In: Swiss Medical Journal . tape 96 , no. 33 , August 12, 2015, p. 1163 ( saez.ch [accessed October 7, 2015]).
  120. ↑ mm: Pornography and Society: Known Variations on Known Topic. In: Basler Nachrichten. No. 452, October 27, 1970, p. 5. And: Manuel Isler : For the right to so-called pornography: The first Monday evening in the Basel "Komödie" was on a topical issue. In: National newspaper . No. 496, October 28, 1970, p. 5 (with photo of the participants).
  121. ^ Sion: Exposition de presse. In: Le Confédéré . November 26, 1970, p. 8.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on December 23, 2012 .
personal data
SURNAME Sutermeister, Hans Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sutermeister, Hans; Sutermeister, Hans M .; Moehrlen, Hans; Möhrlen, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss politician (LdU), doctor and medical writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Schlossrued
DATE OF DEATH May 4th 1977
Place of death Basel