Erkelenz district

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the district of Erkelenz
Erkelenz district
Map of Germany, position of the district of Erkelenz highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 5 ′  N , 6 ° 19 ′  E

Basic data (as of 1971)
Existing period: 1816-1971
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Aachen
Regional association : Rhineland
Administrative headquarters : Erkelenz
Area : 321.05 km 2
Residents: 98,400 (Dec. 31, 1971)
Population density : 306 inhabitants per km 2
License plate : ERK
Circle key : 05 4 33
Circle structure: 22 municipalities
District Administrator : Josef Rick ( CDU )
Location of the district of Erkelenz in North Rhine-Westphalia
map
About this picture
Location of the district

The Erkelenz district was a district in the former administrative district of Aachen that existed from 1816 to 1971 . With this he belonged first to the Prussian province of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine , from 1822 to the Rhine province and from 1946 to North Rhine-Westphalia . From 1939 to 1969 it was called the district of Erkelenz . The county seat was Erkelenz . Today the former district is largely in the Heinsberg district .

geography

location

The district of Erkelenz was the northernmost district in the administrative district of Aachen. In the northwest was the Dutch province of Limburg , otherwise the marginalized district Kempen-Krefeld , the urban districts Mönchengladbach and Rheydt , the county Grevenbroich-Neuss the county Jülich and the circle Geilenkirchen Heinsberg on. The length of the international border was 24 km, the total length of the district border in 1937 135 km.

landscape

A conspicuous landscape border ran through the circle. The north was taken by the Schwalm - Nette Platte of the Lower Rhine lowlands . Here are nutrient-poor and moist soils. Forests stand on sand loess and sandy soils . An inland dune field extends in the Meinweg area . The forest near Elmpt formed the largest forest area in the district. In the south of the district lies the extensive, poorly forested Erkelenz Börde with its fertile loess soils , a landscape of the Lower Rhine Bay .

Between Rurich and Elmpt forms a Riedel landscape the transition to 30 m to 50 m below Rurniederung , it extends from southeast to southwest. The Rur flowed through the district between Rurich and Ratheim. Meadows , poplars and wicker crops were found in the flat landscape . Other rivers in the district were Schwalm and Niers .

The highest elevation with approx. 110  m above sea level. NN was in the south at Immerath , the deepest point at 27 m in the north at Brempt on the Dutch border.

surface

In 1900 the Erkelenz district covered 288.99 km². Due to surcharges from other districts, the area increased to 334.7 km² in 1933. In 1971 it was 321.05 km².

Neighboring areas

In 1971, the Erkelenz district bordered clockwise in the north, starting with the Kempen-Krefeld district , the independent city of Mönchengladbach and the Grevenbroich , Jülich and Selfkant districts of Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg . In the northwest it bordered the Dutch province of Limburg .

history

Before forming the circle

Before 1794, the former Erkelenz district comprised areas from various territories :

  • Austrian Netherlands , this included the communities Wegberg (partially), Nieder- and Oberkrüchten and Elmpt
  • Imperial County Wickrath , this included Schwanenberg, Lentholt, Genhof and Genfeld (half of the latter village)
  • Duchy of Jülich , this included the other communities. However, these were assigned to different Jülich offices. Erkelenz was a free glory with Geldern law in the duchy.

Between 1794 and 1814, the Left Bank of the Rhine belonged to France. The former sovereigns were abolished and new administrative units were created in 1798; the Mairie (Mayor's Office), the Canton ( Canton ), the Arrondissement and the Département .

In 1814, the area was temporarily subordinated to the administration of the Lower Rhine General Government , then the Lower and Middle Rhine General Government.

The canton Erkelens (Erkelenz) belonged to the Arrondissement de Crévelt ( German Krefeld ) of the Département-de-la-Roer and consisted of the Mairies Beeck, Doveren, Erkelenz, Gerderath, Immerath, Kleingladbach, Kuckum, Lövenich, Schwanenberg, Tüschenbroich or Wegberg (Jülich part). This canton had 20,130 inhabitants in 1806.

Erkelenz district around 1820

The circle

Due to the resolutions passed at the Congress of Vienna (1815), large parts of the Rhineland fell to Prussia . The district of Erkelenz was established in 1816 within the administrative district of Aachen and initially belonged to the province of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine , and from 1822 to the Rhine province .

The circle was formed from:

  • the canton of Erkelens, with the exception of Spenrath, Kuckum and Breitenbend (Arrondissement Crévelt, Département-de-la-Roer)
  • the canton Cruchten (Niederkrüchten) (Département de la Meuse Inferieure) with the Mairies Elmpt, Niederkrüchten and partly Wegberg
  • the municipality of Buchholz from the Mairie Wickrath (Canton Odenkirchen, Arrondissement Crévelt, Département-de-la-Roer),
  • the Mairies Körrenzig and Gevenich as well as the Hof Klein-Künkel from the Mairie Brachelen (Canton Linnich, Arrondissement Aix-la-Chapelle ( Aachen ), Département-de-la-Roer)

The district of Erkelenz was administratively divided into 13 mayor's offices (status 1830; spelling at that time): Beck, Doveren, Elmpt, Erkelenz, Gerderath, Immerath, Keyenberg, Klein-Gladbach, Korrenzig, Lövenich, Nieder-Krüchten, Schwanenberg and Wegberg. With the introduction of the municipal code for the Rhine Province in 1845, some mayorships in the district were subdivided into several municipalities . In 1858, Erkelenz was given the Rhenish Town Code . The municipality of Kückhoven has since formed its own mayor's office. In the district of Erkelenz there were a total of 25 communities on an area of ​​289 km² up to 1932:

Mayorry Communities
Beeck Beeck
Doveren Baal , Doveren , Granterath , Hetzerath , Hückelhoven
Elmpt Elmpt
Erkelenz Erkelenz (city)
Gerderath Gerderath
Immerath Holzweiler , Immerath
Keyenberg Borschemich , Keyenberg , Venrath
Kleingladbach Kleingladbach , Matzerath
Grainy Gevenich , Glimbach , Körrenzig , Rurich
Kückhoven Kückhoven
Lövenich Lövenich
Niederkrüchten Niederkrüchten
Schwanenberg Schwanenberg
Wegberg Wegberg

As in the entire Rhine Province, the mayorships of the district have been designated as offices since January 1, 1928 . The district area remained unchanged until October 1, 1932, when, after the Heinsberg district was dissolved, the communities Arsbeck , Hilfarth , Myhl , Ratheim and Wildenrath were assigned to the Erkelenz district. A number of community reforms took place in 1935:

  • Beeck was incorporated into Wegberg.
  • Hetzerath was incorporated into Granterath.
  • Hilfarth, Ratheim, Millich, Schaufenberg and part of Kleingladbach were incorporated into Hückelhoven.
  • The new community of Golkrath was formed from the rest of the community of Kleingladbach and the community of Matzerath .

On April 1, 1936, the three southern municipalities Gevenich, Glimbach and Körrenzig were reclassified into the Jülich district . The municipality of Rurich remained in the district of Erkelenz, was removed from the office of Körrenzig and incorporated into the office of Baal. Since then, the Erkelenz district has been structured as follows:

Office Communities
free of charge Elmpt , Erkelenz (city), Hückelhoven , Niederkrüchten , Wegberg
Baal Baal , Doveren , Granterath , Lövenich , Rurich
Erkelenz Land Gerderath , Golkrath , Kückhoven , Schwanenberg , Venrath
Holzweiler Borschemich , Holzweiler , Immerath , Keyenberg
Myhl Arsbeck , Myhl , Wildenrath
Call of the district administrator for reconstruction in 1945

In 1939 the designation “Landkreis” was introduced for all smaller administrative districts throughout Germany, which was to last until 1969 for what would later become North Rhine-Westphalia. After the dissolution of Prussia, the district now part of the British occupation zone fell to the newly formed state of North Rhine-Westphalia on August 23, 1946. Hückelhoven was renamed Hückelhoven-Ratheim in 1950 . The municipality of Hückelhoven-Ratheim was elevated to a town in 1969. On October 1, 1969, the district became the district of Erkelenz. On January 1, 1972, the district of Erkelenz was abolished by the Aachen law and merged with most of the Selfkant district of Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg to form the new district of Heinsberg . At the same time there was a comprehensive reform of the community:

  • Borschemich, Erkelenz, Gerderath, Golkrath, Granterath, Holzweiler, Immerath, Keyenberg, Kückhoven, Lövenich, Schwanenberg and Venrath were merged to form the new, larger town of Erkelenz.
  • Baal, Doveren, Hückelhoven-Ratheim and Rurich became part of the new town of Hückelhoven.
  • Elmpt and Niederkrüchten were merged to form the new, larger community of Niederkrüchten.
  • Myhl was incorporated into the municipality of Wassenberg .
  • Arsbeck and Wildenrath were incorporated into the community of Wegberg.
  • All offices were resigned.

On January 1, 1975, the community of Niederkrüchten was reclassified from the district of Heinsberg to the district of Viersen by the Düsseldorf law .

Population development


politics

Results of the district elections from 1946

The list only shows parties and constituencies that received at least two percent of the votes in the respective election.

Share of votes of the parties in percent

year CDU SPD FDP UWG DZP BHE KPD
1946 74.9 19.7 4.0
1948 60.7 22.6 01.9 03.93 03.90
1952 64.7 20.1 7.4 3.9
1956 54.4 26.9 09.8 5.7 2.6
1961 59.2 25.7 14.4
1964 51.1 30.3 11.4 6.9
1969 55.3 31.0 07.4 6.3

In the 1948 election, independent candidates received 7.0% of the valid votes.

District administrators

District Office 1893

coat of arms

Blazon : "In gold a red Latin lily cross with a five-petalled blue flax flower in the middle ."

Origin and meaning: The district received this coat of arms on May 9, 1955. The lily comes from an Erkelenz city seal from 1551 and recalls the relationship between the city of Erkelenz and the Marienstift Aachen . The flax blossom points to the earlier flax cultivation, which was mainly practiced in the northern district area. The gold in the coat of arms stands for the fertility of the loess soil of the southern district area.

District structure 1935

In 1935 the circle was structured as follows:

License Plate

On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinction ERK with the introduction of the license plates that are still valid today . It was issued until December 31, 1971. Due to the license plate liberalization , it has been available in the Heinsberg district since September 2, 2013.

Personalities

literature

  • Gustav Claessen (District Administrator), Statistical representation of the district of Erkelenz , Erkelenz 1863.
  • Jack Schiefer , Destruction and Reconstruction in the Erkelenz District , Aachen 1948.
  • Local calendar of the Erkelenzer Lande, 1954 to 1972, Kreis Erkelenz in cooperation with the Heimatverein der Erkelenzer Lande .
  • Friedel Krings, Albert Kardas: Erkelenz district , Duisburg 1966.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical-Statistical Description of the Royal Prussian Rhine Province , Nicolai, Berlin and Stettin 1830, p. 779 ff
  2. ^ Community encyclopedia for the province of Rhineland (PDF; 1.3 MB), Berlin: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus, 1888, page 198
  3. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 24, 2015 ; accessed on December 2, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geschichte-on-demand.de
  4. ↑ Announcement of the new version of the district regulations for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from August 11, 1969 in the Law and Ordinance Gazette for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, year 1969, No. 2021, p. 670 ff.
  5. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 308 .
  6. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. erkelenz.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  7. ↑ Source: respective issue of the State Statistical Office (LDS NRW), Mauerstr. 51, Düsseldorf, with the election results at the district level.
  8. ↑ http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/kreis/erkelenz.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.theologisches.net/files/18_Nr.8.pdf Susanne Ilse: The highest commitment. A free exemplary atonement death

Web links

Commons : Kreis Erkelenz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files