Scheibbs

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Borough
Scheibbs
coat of arms Austria map
Scheibbs coat of arms
Scheibbs (Austria)
Scheibbs
Basic data
Country: Austria
State : Lower Austria
Political District : Scheibbs
License plate : SB
Surface: 45.96 km²
Coordinates : 48 ° 0 '  N , 15 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 0 '17 "  N , 15 ° 10' 4"  E
Height : 339  m above sea level A.
Residents : 4,132 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code : 3270
Area code : 07482
Community code : 3 20 13
NUTS region AT121
UN / LOCODE AT SBB
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Rathausplatz 1
3270 Scheibbs
Website: www.scheibbs.gv.at
politics
mayor Franz Aigner ( ÖVP )
Municipal Council : ( 2020 )
(25 members)
15th
7th
3
15th 7th 3 
A total of 25 seats
Location of Scheibbs in the Scheibbs district
Gaming Göstling an der Ybbs Gresten Gresten-Land Lunz am See Oberndorf an der Melk Puchenstuben Purgstall an der Erlauf Randegg Reinsberg (Niederösterreich) Scheibbs St. Anton an der Jeßnitz St. Georgen an der Leys Steinakirchen am Forst Wang Wieselburg Wieselburg-Land Wolfpassing NiederösterreichLocation of the community of Scheibbs in the district of Scheibbs (clickable map)
About this picture
Template: Infobox municipality in Austria / maintenance / site plan image map
View of the old town, in front of it the Erlauf
View of the old town, in front of it the Erlauf
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Scheibbs is a municipality and district capital with 4132 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Scheibbs district of the same name in Eisenwurzen in the Mostviertel in Lower Austria . The municipality extends over a large part of the central Erlauftal . The town of Scheibbs itself is about 20 km south of the western motorway or the Danube near Ybbs and is the historical, administrative, social, medical and economic center of the Scheibbs district. In economic terms, in addition to the administration and service sector, the production of elevators occupies a prominent position in the municipality, and the population is also particularly employed in small and medium-sized enterprises or in agriculture. Scheibbs, at the transition between the hilly, gentle Alpine foothills and the mountainous foothills of the Alps , is considered the gateway to the Ötscherland and, as a transshipment point for agricultural products and iron products, counted alongside Steyr and Waidhofen an der Ybbs to the most important and prosperous cities in the iron industry north of the Alps . The centuries-old legacy of the Eisenwurzen region is barely noticeable in the operational landscape, as is the historically strong ties with the Kartause Gaming , which Scheibbs owned for centuries.

Surname

Scheibbs was first mentioned in a document in the 12th century. In an original document dated August 19, 1160, which is in the Reichersberg Abbey in the Upper Austrian Innviertel , an Otto de Schibis appears, a follower of the Counts of Peilstein . The name Scheibbs probably comes from Slavonic when, after the end of the Great Migration, around 568 Slavs from Pannonia invaded the area. They referred to the settlement of that time Ščipéčje, which means something like "wild rose hedge ". Even today there are dialect terms such as "Hetscherl" or "Hetschipetsch". The Slavic Ščipéčje became after the extinction of the Slavic language in the region around 1160 Scibes, around 1200 Schibes, 1367 Schibsa, 1537 Scheybs, 1700 Scheibs and 1800 Scheibbs .

geography

location

The Scheibbs district is part of the Eisenwurzen and Mostviertel in Lower Austria, which comprises the south-west of the state, including the central region around St. Pölten. The municipality of Scheibbs is located in the center of the district and essentially comprises the central Erlauftal and the surrounding pre-Alps. The town of Scheibbs is located on the Große Erlauf , which flows into the Danube at Pöchlarn, and the Ötscher , which dominates the region, is usually within sight. The area of ​​the municipality covers 45.96 square kilometers. 48 percent of the area is forested.

View of Scheibbs from Blassenstein in north direction
Community structure Scheibbs ( red densely built-up area)

Community structure

The municipality of Scheibbs consists of six cadastral communities , namely from Brandstatt, Fürteben, Ginning, Neustift bei Scheibbs, Scheibbs and Scheibbsbach.

The six cadastral communities, however, encompass several settlement areas, which consist of the city of Scheibbs and the surrounding places as well as the settlements on the heights around Scheibbs and are explained by history. At that time, for example, the places Schöllgraben and Scheibbsbach were outside the city ​​wall ; over the last 100 years these settlement areas have grown together with the city center, so that today only remnants of the medieval city ​​wall give an idea of ​​where the borders run.

Until 2017, the municipality comprised the following 14 localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2017):

As of 2018, the municipal area comprises one village (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):

  • Scheibbs (4132)
Hills around Scheibbs

Neighboring communities

Purgstall Oberndorf an der Melk
Reinsberg Neighboring communities St. Georgen
Gaming Sankt Anton an der Jeßnitz

Land use

The municipality of Scheibbs covers 45.96 km², 47.96 percent of which is forested, which is mainly on the heights around Scheibbs.

geology

In the south, Scheibbs is characterized by the ultra-Helvetian Gresten cliff zone and the Penninic Ybbsitzer cliff zone , in the north by the Penninic flysch zone. The municipal area is in the collinous-submontane area and, according to the polymorphic geological structure, also has chorographically different landscape forms. The ridge of the Lampelsberg and Blassenstein , which determine the relief and give the scenery an almost alpine character at the transition to the foothills of the Alps, rise to the left and right of the lowland of the Erlauf , which only reached its current state in the Quaternary .

mountains

Scheibbs with the Ötscher

Scheibbs lies in the foothills of the Alps and is located in the transition area from the flat and hilly country to the foothills of the foothills. With its heights up to well over 800 m, the municipality area belongs to the upper hill level or lower mountain level. Around Scheibbs there are Hochweinberg, Lampelsberg, Ginselhöhe, Buchberg, Schneekogel, Hochkienberg, Roter Stein, Greinberg, Holzkogel and the Blassenstein ( 844  m ) with the Urlingerwarte, which opened on August 9, 1903, a lookout point from which you can almost see when the weather is clear overlooks the entire Mostviertel as far as Linz , St. Florian in Upper Austria and the Waldviertel . Of course, the Ötscher is omnipresent at 1892  m .

Rivers

View over the Erlauf weir towards the old town

The most important river is the Erlauf , which has quality class I-II in the upper reaches and quality class II in the rest of the course. The Erlauf is about 70 km long and almost 40 percent of the course of the river can still be called natural. A fish migration is still not possible due to several power plants. There are also some streams, such as Scheibbsbach, Lueggrabenbach and Schöllgrabenbach. Part of Vienna's second high spring water pipeline also crosses the municipal area. This is also the reason why it is not allowed to build at a constant, linear height above Scheibbs, namely where there is a risk of the slope slipping (exception: BORG Scheibbs, where there were also landslides during its construction huge foundations had to be stopped).

Statistical climate values (temperature, precipitation, hours of sunshine, wind speed)

climate

Scheibbs has a large climate in the area of ​​the west wind zone . Therefore weakened oceanic climatic influences prevail. The annual average temperature is 8.7 ° C, the average precipitation is 1144 mm and hours of sunshine are 1508 hours per year.

history

Mercurius von Scheibbs in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna
Diana von Scheibbs

Prehistory and Antiquity

Some finds prove a settlement as early as the Neolithic Age (for example on Blassenstein). The Illyrians (1500 BC) gave the Erlauf river its name: aril apa ( Ar for "eagle" and apa for "water"), ie "eagle river". This was followed by the Celts (400 BC), who are said to have given the dominant mountain in the region the name ocan for "father mountain", from which Ötscher arose. The Celtic statuette Diana von Scheibbs from the 2nd to 3rd centuries AD, which was found in a field near Scheibbs in 1864 and is now in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, testifies to the presence of the Celts. The bronze Roman Mercurius - statue , now also in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna .. Is about 250 AD dated, testifies to the presence of the Romans, was in ancient times the area of the province of Noricum . Celts or Romans had certainly already built a fortified castle for a small settlement on the raised square (today Rathausplatz), where the castle and parish church are today, which was evacuated in 488, but served the local population as a refuge in troubled times .

Scheibbs in the Middle Ages

With the end of the Germanic migrations , Slavs invaded from Pannonia in the 6th century (around 568) ( invasion of the Slavs ). They soon had to submit to the rule of the Avars , who were finally defeated in 795 by Pippin , son of Charlemagne. A mark was formed in the east ( Avar mark ), but it was destroyed by the Magyars in 907 . Now these five decades ruled until they suffered a heavy defeat on the Lechfeld near Augsburg by the Germans under King Otto I in 955 . From 976, margraves and dukes from the Babenberg family ruled the country. Ostarrichi was as Grenzmark first only a narrow strip of land between Enns and Traisen (roughly equivalent to the current Most quarter). Since the beginning of the 11th century, new residents, mainly from Bavaria, came to the state, built hamlets and villages, built castles and later also settlements .

In the Middle Ages, on the site of Scheibbs Castle, there was a castle as the center of a craft settlement. Scheibbs Castle is probably a castle-church complex from the early Middle Ages, which was built by the ancestors of the Counts of Peilstein at a strategically favorable point in the Erlauftal (crossing with the Ybbstal - Melktal connection) and later became an essential part of the Scheibbs fortifications has been. Konrad I. von Peilstein made the "walls" the administrative center of his rule.

The "market" Scheibbs 1681

In 1160, an Otto de (von) Scibis (Schibis) , a follower of the Counts of Peilstein , who made Scheibbs the administrative center of their territories in 1120 and who ruled until 1218, is documented. Scibis had been used by the Peilsteiners as the administrator of the small fortification. The forerunner of the later castle was, with the exception of the church, the only brick building far and wide and was therefore referred to as " walls ". Scheibbs was then a border settlement against Carantania . There was great respect for the Slavs living there in the 11th and 12th centuries. From Scheibbs, the traffic in the Erlauftal could be controlled at any time. After the Peilsteiners died out, Scheibbs fell to the Babenbergs around 1218 and became sovereign, who gave Markt (1338) and Burg (1349) to the Kartause Gaming in the 14th century . From this point on, the fate of Scheibbs was closely linked to the Charterhouse for centuries. Until the abolition of the monastery in 1782, Scheibbs was the secular administrative center of the monastery rule. The Gamingen officials and court judges had their seat in Scheibbs Castle .

Scheibbs has been a town since 1352, Scheibbs was awarded the title by Duke Albrecht II, but was always referred to as a market in the following years ( titular town ). The seat of the Scheibbser market judges has been the town hall, acquired by the citizens, since 1538. The Gamingen Carthusian monarchy owned the town and castle Scheibbs, Oberndorf, Texing and Ruprechtshofen. Although they did not provide pastors, the large parishes of Gaming and Scheibbs, Ruprechtshofen and Oberndorf with the branches Texing, Neuhaus, Lackenhof and St. Anton an der Jessnitz were incorporated into them.

The plague appeared for the first time in 1348, and a total of 20 times by 1732. Mostly children and adolescents were affected. A plague cross from 1644 still reminds of this time.

In 1448 Scheibbs merged with eight Lower Austrian municipalities - Amstetten, Waidhofen, Ybbs, Ybbsitz, Pöchlarn, Wieselburg, Gresten and Pöggstall - to form a district trade association , which supplied the Styrian ironworks with provisions and goods and was involved in the iron transport and trade. At the end of the century, when the number of places involved had risen to eighteen, Scheibbs, Pöggstall and Gresten, whose wagons were mainly loaded and unloaded in Pöchlarn , left the path , which was previously only accessible by pack animals, via the Grubberg from the Erlauf valley to the Ybbstal to the road Remove. Scheibbs was now on the soon-to-be-frequented Dreimärktestrasse to the Danube .

Medieval castles around Scheibbs: See castle ruins in the Erlauftal

Scheibbs during modern times and the Thirty Years War

Roof decoration on the occasion of the victory over the Ottomans during the Turkish siege
View of Scheibbs from 1678/1764

In 1529 Scheibbs and the Gamingen monastery were attacked by the Turks, but they could be repulsed. In 1537 the Scheibbser received a coat of arms from the sovereign for their bravery during the Turkish siege.

From 1538 onwards, the increasing ore production on the Erzberg and the associated need for food led to a renewed economic boom, and Scheibbs became, along with Waidhofen / Ybbs, the most important and wealthiest town in the Lower Austrian Eisenwurzen region . With the Purgstall and Gresten markets, there was the privilege of supplying the Erzberg miners with agricultural products. Dreimärkterstraße was built in 1561, after which the iron trade really flourished. The Scheibbser Metzen is an old grain measure (one Metzen corresponds to 61.5  liters ), which is said to have even regulated the prices of the entire Danube Monarchy at times.

In 1544, the Talenge Peutenburg , which prevented heavy traffic in the Erlauftal between Scheibbs and Gaming, was blown free with black powder . This made the old, arduous route over the Lueggraben to Gaming obsolete. Blasting a rock was a peculiarity at the time; black powder was only recently invented in China and then used primarily for military purposes.

When the Lower Austrian farmers on both sides of the Danube rose up against their landlords in the autumn of 1595, the market judge Walberger, the Marktmüller Urberger and the Kastner Preuss from Scheibbs led the rebels and besieged Prior Bartholomäus, who barricaded himself in Scheibbs Castle would have. As the Kartäuseroberen managed to escape and he in Prague by Emperor Rudolf II. Had made representations, began in the spring of 1596, the punitive expedition under the command of the Supreme Wenzel Morakschi to Litschau standing Black Riders . After the rebels were put down in the Waldviertel, the imperial forces also drove the farmers south of the Danube to mate. The heads of the miller and Kastner fell by the sword in the market square of Scheibbs, the executioner first cut off the market judge's right hand with which he had sworn allegiance to his landlord and hung it on the pillory before the delinquent himself between Scheibbs and gaming was tied to a tree. Marakschy had a dozen of the other ringleaders brought to Vienna for digging work. They were also tried there.

The brotherhood building

In 1643 the Rosary Brotherhood was founded in Scheibbs . The Thirty Years War , which has been going on since 1618 , leads to more seekers of God. The members of the “Arch-Brotherhood of Jesus and Mary of the Most Holy Rosary” committed themselves to certain devotional exercises and to helping others. Members were not only represented from Scheibbs, to the Ybbstal , from Purgstall, Ruprechtshofen and even Loosdorf and Waidhofen / Ybbs . Thanks to donations and bequests , the fortune grew to such an extent that in 1667 a separate chapel was built north of the parish church directly on the town hall square on the former cemetery wall. In 1782 the Rosary Brotherhood was abolished by Joseph II . It was not until 1830 that the brotherhood building and the old cemetery were demolished.

In 1645 a major fire destroyed 36 of 71 town houses, including the church, the town hall and the school, in 1683 the Turks and 200 men were back in front of Scheibbs, they wanted to smuggle in traitors who would then set fire to the city at night. But these were discovered and immediately executed.

Scheibbs during industrialization

Hauptstrasse 1870/80
Hauptstrasse 1850/60

In 1711 a hurricane devastated the city. In 1781/82 there was again a mood of catastrophe, because the economic heyday of the Eisenwurzen was suddenly ended by the introduction of a free trade zone ; the Charterhouse Gaming was repealed. In 1800 the Erlauf in Scheibbs became the demarcation line between Archduke Karl of Austria and the French General Moreau .

In 1820 the “first kk privilege” was opened in Neubruck near Scheibbs. Eisen-, Stahl- und Walzblechfabrik "built by Andreas Töpper and helped the city to gain a great reputation and a renewed economic upswing in the Eisenwurzen region . The Töppers factories were located in the vicinity of the Franz Wertheim factories in Scheibbs-Neustift and the Gaißmayer & Schürhagel in Scheibbs-Heuberg. Töpper was the inventor of the sheet metal process for sheet iron, he had pushed hard coal mining and built the first Erlauf weir. At his instigation, the Erlauftalbahn to Neubruck was built to connect his works to the railway network. From the factory settlement founded by Töpper near the iron and sheet metal works, today's district of Neubruck emerged, named after the "New Bridge" built by Töpper in 1830 over the Erlauf; The name of the Neustift district, where the Wertheim factory was located, comes from the name for a new process for manufacturing steel pins.

Medium and large companies in Scheibbs during the industrialization (1817-1914)
Establishment-closure Founder / owner Factory type Location Worker (year)
1817-1881 Andreas Töpper Rolling mill Neubruck 120 (1827), 800 (1854; including Kienberg, box)
1881– approx. 1995 Eduard Musil / Neufeldt-Schoeller Paper mill Neubruck 220 (approx. 1955)
1827 / 28-1863 Anton / Ignaz Dittrich Mirror factory Neustift 54
1843-1938 Josef Herrmann Tool factory Neubruck 35 (1916), 30 (1914)
1843-1883 Franz Wertheim Tool factory Neustift 23 (1857)
1883-1966 White & Son Tool factory Neustift 100 (1914)
1864-1924 Gaißmayer & Schürhagl Soft casting factory Scheibbs 170 (1916)
1894 Julius Griessler & Son Iron and provisions trade Scheibbs k. A.
before 1900 Leopold Wimmer Car loop factory Neustift 50 (1914)
before 1900-1912 Josef Piwonka Rubber band factory Neubruck (St. Anton / Jeßnitz) about 40
before 1914 Ludwig Biel k. A. Neustift 50 (1914)

  • Töpper rolling mill 19th century in Scheibbs-Neubruck

  • former rolling mill / paper mill in Scheibbs-Neubruck

  • Rubber band factory Piwonka Scheibbs-Neubruck

  • Gaißmayr & Schürhagel 1867 in Scheibbs-Heuberg

  • formerly Wimmer in Scheibbs-Neustift

  • formerly Wertheim / Weiß & Sohn in Scheibbs-Neustift

  • formerly Abl-Hammer in Scheibbs-Neustift

  • former Herrmann in Scheibbs-Neustift

In 1850 the district administration was established in Scheibbs . It included the judicial districts of Scheibbs, Gaming and Mank . In 1857, 115 iron processing companies were named in the Scheibbs district.

First electric street lighting of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy from 1886

Summer break in Scheibbs

In 1877 the Erlauftal Railway was completed, which branches off the Westbahn at Pöchlarn and ends in Kienberg near Gaming. Originally, a railway line would have been planned from Zwettl in the Waldviertel via the Erlauftal to Hieflau in Styria.

Former imperial monument in the former imperial park

With this train, Scheibbs is made accessible to urban summer visitors. In 1886, Scheibbs was the first place in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy to receive electrical street lighting . It was an arc lamp in which light was generated by an arc between two electrodes made of carbon. The newly opened festival hall and its forecourt were illuminated with the first arc lamps. Also in 1886, an outdoor and bathtub was built as the first in Lower Austria.

Summer resort Scheibbs

The later Wilhelminian era also changed the appearance of Scheibbs permanently, new streets and bridges were built, parks for strolling were built like the Kaiserpark with a monument in honor of Emperor Franz Joseph, especially beyond the Erlauf outside the city walls. The promenade is laid out. With the future racing driver Heinrich Schönfeldt , one of the first hundred Austrians drove an automobile. With the Burgerhof and Urlingerwarte , two lookout points and the Kaiser anniversary fountain will be built on the Rathausplatz. In 1894 a boys' bourgeois school (the only one between Mariazell and Pöchlarn) was opened, followed in 1898 by the opening of the Scheibbser Stadtwasserleitung and in 1910 that of the Emperor Franz Joseph-Hochquellenwasserleitung, which was supposed to ensure the supply of the city of Vienna with drinking water.

Scheibbs from the 20th century

Due to the decline of the iron industry in the Eisenwurzen at the end of the 19th century, the entire region became impoverished. The Rothschild family became the largest landowner in Lower Austria in the Waidhofen and Gaming area, built up Waidhofen Castle and financed infrastructure, school and cultural projects. In addition, they became the initiators of tourism in the region through hiking tours, skiing and cycling tours. Despite this commitment and the renewed blossoming of the region, especially Waidhofen, which had fallen behind the growing railway town of Amstetten , the region became a model region for anti-Semitism in Austria.

Erlaufhof around 1905, built by C. Soche in expressive Art Nouveau, today redesigned
Scheibbs around 1900

This was also the case in Scheibbs, where one of the greatest agitators, Franz Haiser , spread his ideas in particularly aggressive language from Scheibbs throughout the German-speaking area. The race program of the NSDAP was far too little racial and elite-stressed Haiser. With his diatribe "Freemasons and counter-masons in the fight for world domination" published in 1924, which presented the concept of an order-like elite, he had a decisive influence on Heinrich Himmler and the SS program. In May 1945, Haiser committed suicide.

Gustav Bamberger : Hof in Scheibbs , 1928

In 1911 the district hospital started operations for the first time, a foundation by Bertha Kupelwieser. After the First World War, the urban population suffered from abject poverty. In 1923 the clay industry Scheibbs was founded by Ludwig Weinbrenner, who hired artists who were close to the Wiener Werkstätte or who did their craft there. a. at Vally Wieselthier . 80 percent of the production was exported to the USA and South America. The Scheibbs clay industry was closed in 1933, but revived in 1937 and still exists today as "Scheibbser Keramik". In 1926 there was a renewed town elevation, Scheibbs had been titular town since 1352. In 1939 the communities of Neustift and Scheibbsbach were incorporated into the town of Scheibbs. The cadastral communities Neustift, Brandstatt and Fürteben belonged to the community of Neustift, while Ginning belonged to the community of Scheibbsbach.

Scheibbs 1938

The Nazis learned in Scheibbs a great support. The NSDAP won 27.48 percent of the vote in the 1932 state elections. During the National Socialist regime , a large part of the Scheibbs district leadership came from Scheibbs itself (including the district leaders Otto Rössler and Hans Schrenk). At least 16 members of the IKG Ybbs / Amstetten from Scheibbs fell victim to the Shoah . In 1939 the Capuchins had to vacate the monastery and moved to Vienna. Several NSDAP organizations moved into the monastery building .

After the end of the Second World War, a commandant's office was set up by the Red Army in the Gruber Inn, and great construction work was done (drinking water supply, road construction, settlement activities, modernization of the hospital, etc.). The Scheibbsbach cadastral community separated from Scheibbs in 1946 and became an independent community again, but soon afterwards was reintegrated. In 1960 the first large settlement was built outside the former city wall, around a third of which is still preserved today.

Castle, parts of the city wall, city parish church 2008

In 1973 the construction of the bypass road B 25 began, since by then the traffic had increased strongly and all vehicles still had to drive through the narrow old town of Scheibbs. 13 new bridges were built. In 1975 the first Buddhist cultural center in Austria was opened in Neustift. New settlements were constantly being built (e.g. in Schmelzergasse and at Burgerhof) and so the districts of Scheibbs, Heuberg, Scheibbsbach, Saffen or Neustift and Neubruck grew together.

In 2005/06 the construction of the Kardinal-Franz-König-Brücke took place as part of the inner city bypass. This had become necessary because it was impossible for buses or trucks to pass the city from south to north.

Urban development

Urban development:
brown = old town until 1800
orange = time of industrialization
green = settlements from 1918; excluding Neustift, Neubruck, Heuberg, Saffen, Scheibbsbach
Old Nagelschmiede from 1784 in the external market, right Esse with chimney , front gardener's house from the 15th century

The city of Scheibbs was a fortified castle under the Romans and the Celts who were dependent on them (around 250 AD) in the province of Noricum . As the name Scheibbs also suggests, which translated means dog rose (see naming ), the country was cultivated land, because dog roses only grew where it was cleared. During the Great Migration , the country became deserted and the fortified castle increasingly fell into disrepair. The castle became a refuge during troubled times. The fortified castle was built according to the typical Roman settlement design: south of the castle the steeply sloping Schöllgraben, north of the Ginningbach, in the west the Erlauf and on the east side the fortified castle .

In 1120, Scheibbs was re-founded by Konrad I von Peilstein, he appointed Otto de Scibes as a servant who lived in the dilapidated fortress. It was the only brick building, hence the name masonry, which is still used today as the name for Scheibbs Castle. Craftsmen settled around the dilapidated fortress and a small wooden house settlement developed. In 1130 a small prayer church was built next to the fortress, in 1187 the first parish church, probably made of wood, and in 1314 the first Romanesque church made of stone with a wooden steeple, which - similar to the campanile in Italy - was free-standing. In 1338 Scheibbs became the secular administrative center of the Gamingen Carthusians and 1349–1352 the old fortress was repaired. In 1352 the town elevation of Scheibbs, connected with it the obligation to fortify the town with a town wall within the next 120 years. Before that there were only wooden palisades that went from the fortress to the Ginningbach and westwards to the Erlauf. But the city had grown across the stream towards the north, the houses at that time were all made of wood. In 1380 the first tower, the powder tower that is still preserved today , was built. Seven of the former 13 towers on the city wall (five gate towers) are still preserved (including two gate towers). Most were demolished in the 19th century as they were no longer needed and the city was growing beyond the borders. Scheibbs grew to the south as early as 1400, the unpaved outer market was created, there was only a gate between two houses, which is no longer there today. In 1505 the foundation stone was laid for the late Gothic parish church of Maria Magdalena, which became one of the largest churches in Lower Austria with an external width of 18.5 m at the time. Scheibbs barely had 80 houses at the time.

In 1554 the first and only stone bridge was built over the Erlauf, the Roman Bridge. before there was only a wooden footbridge. In 1575 the new cemetery was laid out outside the city walls, for reasons of space and hygiene , in 1678 the Capuchin monastery was built in front of the former Wienertor north of the city.

In 1837 Andreas Töpper built a wooden bridge to his grounds west of the Erlauf, and six years later a mansion. In 1877 the Erlauftalbahn , at that time the Südwestbahn, and the train station were built, the city gradually grew over the Erlauf on the grounds of the then independent municipalities of Neustift (south) and Scheibbsbach (north), promenades and villas were built, as well as two new bridges near the city. Back then, the city was a popular summer destination, the villas are still mostly second homes today. After the First World War , the first settlements were established, in 1929 and 1939, and in the same year Neustift and Scheibbsbach were incorporated.

After the Second World War , the need for single-family houses and community apartments increased enormously, in 1949 the Steghofpark was opened to the public as a city park, and about every five years a new large settlement was built, although the population rose only moderately (in 1910 the population was 4061, today at 4331, see population development ). From 1973 the B25 bypass road was built and the inner city bypass road was built in 2005/06.

population

Population development

For the year 1661 496 inhabitants are mentioned. In 1838, 1008 people lived in Scheibbs.


religion

Former Jewish prayer room (bay window) in Scheibbs

The vast majority are of the Roman Catholic faith, there is a Protestant minority and the Scheibbs Buddhist Center is one of the oldest Buddhist institutions in the German-speaking area. There is also a small Islamic minority made up of emigrants from Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkey . The former Jewish community belonged to the IKG Amstetten and had set up a prayer room.

Religion (as of 2001) Inhabitants (in percent)
Roman Catholic 89.7
Evangelical 2.3
Orthodox 0.5
Islamic 1.8
Without confession 3.9
Other / unknown 1.9

politics

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The municipal council has 25 members.

  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1990, the municipal council had the following distribution: 19 ÖVP and 6 SPÖ.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 1995, the municipal council had the following distribution: 16 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ and 2 FPÖ.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2000, the municipal council had the following distribution: 14 ÖVP, 6 SPÖ, 3 Greens and 2 FPÖ.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2005 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 14 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ, 3 Greens and 1 FPÖ.
  • With the municipal elections in Lower Austria in 2010 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 16 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ and 2 Greens.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria in 2015 , the municipal council had the following distribution: 16 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ and 2 Greens.
  • With the municipal council elections in Lower Austria 2020 , the municipal council has the following distribution: 15 ÖVP, 7 SPÖ and 3 Citizens List Environment and Common Welfare Scheibbs (BUGS).
mayor

Market judges presided over the town from 1428 to 1848, and from 1850 mayor. Formative for the city of Scheibbs were u. a. Ignaz Höfinger and Anton Gaißmayr. After 1945, mayors were provided exclusively by the ÖVP : Anton Herok (1950–1965), Alois Derfler (1965–1983), Leopold Gansch (1983–2007) and Johann Schragl from 2007–2009. Christine Dünwald-Specht followed, who resigned from the office of mayor at the end of August 2019 after ten years. Acting mayor is Franz Aigner.

  • 1850–1861 Ignaz Höfinger
  • 1861–1867 Anton Gaißmayer
  • 1867-1870 Julius Mark
  • 1870–1873 Anton Gaißmayer
  • 1873–1879 August Gagessamb
  • 1879–1882 Karl Gattringer
  • 1882-1883 Julius Mark
  • 1883–1894 Franz Schwarz
  • 1894–1918 Karl Höfinger
  • 1918–1920 Wilhelm Löwenstein
  • 1920–1938 Rudolf Radinger
  • 1938–1945 Josef Roßmanith
  • 1945–1950 Josef Herrmann
  • 1950–1965 Anton Herok
  • 1965–1983 Alois Derfler
  • 1983-2007 Leopold Gansch
  • 2007–2009 Johann Schragl
  • 2009–2019 Christine Dünwald-Specht (ÖVP)
  • since September 2019 Franz Aigner (ÖVP)

Town twinning

Germany Rutesheim , since 1972

coat of arms

Sb wappen.jpg

With a letter and seal of November 2, 1537, King Ferdinand I gave the city of Scheibbs a coat of arms. His reason:

"For their honorable and honest good behavior when they were hardly challenged by the Turks and stood in danger and showed male resistance."

The coat of arms is described as follows:

“A shield, divided lengthways, the rear half white or silver, the front half black. In the whole shield three round disks, placed in a tangle. " ( Letter from King Ferdinand I, 1537)

Coat of arms of the city of Scheibbs awarded by King Ferdinand I in 1537

In 1926, the Scheibbs city coat of arms was made in ceramic by Johann and Alois Illek for the second city elevation and was a gift from the Scheibbs clay industry to the city of Scheibbs. The coat of arms from 1537 served as a template. This ceramic coat of arms can be seen as a wall application on the front of the Scheibbs town hall.

Economy and Infrastructure

labour market

In 2001, in 1921 Scheibbser, a total of 2894 people were employed in Scheibbs, 4.8 percent of them in agriculture and forestry, 31.3 percent in industry and commerce and 63.9 percent in the service sector.

education

The town of Scheibbs is the educational center in the Erlauftal, in addition to elementary and sports secondary schools there is the polytechnic school for the Scheibbs district, the Scheibbs upper secondary school , the adult education center, Johann Heinrich Schmelzer music school and the nursing school.

health

Scheibbs Hospital, in front right the part from 1911

Scheibbs is the center of medical care in the region. The Landesklinikum Mostviertel Scheibbs is the only hospital in the district, the Bertha-Kupelwieser-Trakt was designed by Hans Schimitzek .

There is also a wide range of doctors and specialists (general practitioners, specialists in ophthalmology, surgery, radiology and many more) and pharmacies. In addition, there is the Scheibbs Red Cross district office, founded in 1880, with local offices in Gaming, Steinakirchen / Forst and Wieselburg. Many of the medical activities used to be carried out by the barber , he owned the bathhouse (today at the corner of Gaminger Strasse and Hauptstrasse) and was allowed to bleed or cut hair.

Tourism and sport

Scheibb's first outdoor swimming pool in Lower Austria in 1886
Ski jumping Scheibbs

The town of Scheibbs offers gentle and theme-oriented tourism, on the one hand due to the wonderful location and the impressive landscape, on the other hand due to the historical heritage as a town in the Eisenwurzen and centuries-old administrative center of the Kartause Gaming. There is the Urlingerwarte , one of the landmarks of Scheibbs, and the Jelinekwarte, which can be seen from afar . Accommodation options are available in some private accommodations and farms. The former Hotel Hofmarcher in the center of the city was demolished in 2018 after it had been empty since 2011. In autumn 2019 the N8Quartier opened at the same location with overnight accommodation. The complex also includes commercial space and apartments. A restaurant is planned. In the city you can go on the city tour "Scheibbser Altstadtrunde", which revives history, there are numerous hiking trails such as the Urlingerwarte via Scheibbs, cycle paths in the Erlauftal, mountain bike trails, the high-altitude hiking trail around Scheibbs, as well as the proximity to Lake Lunzer , Erlaufsee , Ötscher-Tormäuer nature park , Dürrenstein wilderness area and Mariazell . The winter sports areas in the region such as Ötscher - Lackenhof , Hochkar , Hochreit, Dürrenstein and Maißzinken are in the immediate vicinity. About ten kilometers away, the Ybbsthalbahn mountain line begins in Kienberg near Gaming, a narrow-gauge museum railway with trestle bridges that are unique in Austria . There is also an all-weather pool, fitness studio, solariums, seven sand tennis courts, soccer field, beach volleyball court and much more.

Urlingerwarte via Scheibbs on the Blassenstein

Scheibbs is also home to the leading Reschinsky confectionery , which was founded in 1888.

Sports shooters have a special tradition , the Schützengilde Scheibbser Gmein has existed since 1569 and was founded from the mythical-religious tradition of shooting birds. Numerous old shooting targets can be viewed in the Scheibbs shooting target museum.

Transport and infrastructure

Erlauftalstraße B 25, Scheibbs bypass

The main transport links to the community Scheibbs, the Erlauftal road (B 25), which Scheibbs to the north with the West motorway A1 connects (exit Ybbs-Wieselburg). Under Mayor Alois Derfler , the extensive bypass of the township of Scheibbs was built, as the route of the old federal road was no longer equipped for the increasing traffic. The large-scale project includes four reinforced concrete bridges just for the route of the B25, as the road has to cross the Erlauf several times due to the narrowness of the valley. It also includes the Scheibbs-Nord, Saffen / Gresten, Scheibbs-Industriegebiet, Scheibbs-Mitte, Scheibbs-Süd / Neustift exits and the Neubruck intersection.

Scheibbs can be reached publicly by both the Postbus and the Austrian Federal Railways ( Erlauftalbahn ). Buses go to St. Anton / Puchenstuben, Oberndorf / Melk, St. Georgen / Leys, Purgstall / Erlauf as well as Gresten and Gaming. The Erlauftalbahn runs in the north towards Wieselburg and connects to the Westbahn near Pöchlarn, the southern continuation to Kienberg-Gaming was discontinued in December 2010. Since then, Scheibbs has been the end point of the Erlauftalbahn.

Culture and sights

Museums

Schützen disc from 1569
  • Schützenscheibenmuseum : Scheibbs has an important tradition as a shooting guild. The so-called Schützengmein has existed since 1569 ; the panes were originally painted by the court painters of the Gamingen Carthusian monks, hence the artistic furnishings and the often Latin inscriptions. During the Turkish attacks in 1529 and 1532, the Scheibbs citizens proved their skills in using weapons, the town of Scheibbs was never captured. At that time it was an absolute duty of every citizen to train himself in local defense with a gun. Around 250 historical shooting targets can be seenin the Scheibbs shooting target museum , the largest of its kind.
Josef Hoffmann for the Scheibbs clay industry

Scheibbs in literature

Scheibbs also found its way into literature, for example in the novel Der Gaulschreck im Rosennetz by Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando , Das Vaterspiel by Josef Haslinger or Hans Krendlesberger in The Open Labyrinth . Not to forget a song by Georg Danzer called Von Scheibbs bis Nebraska .

music

Scheibbs has a noteworthy jazz, music and creative scene. In the past, the Jive Dance Night (jazz on Rose Monday) and the Scheibbs jazz week until 2010 , at which jazz musicians from Vienna and abroad performed and offered workshops, were fixed points on the music scene until 2010 . Since 2016, the Scheibbs rehearsal room has been organizing an annual music seminar with the Intertonale . This music seminar is in the tradition of the legendary Scheibbs jazz seminar. Building on a network that has been built up over the years, the association is able to present a top-class program with greats from the local music scene. Local cultural workers will also be included in the concerts.

There is also the Scheibbs Chamber Orchestra, the Stadtkapelle and the Scheibbser Dreier, a folk music group. The Scheibbs Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1978, it emerged from the student orchestra of the grammar school and the Scheibbs music school. In addition to traditional works, the orchestra also plays works from the 20th century. Works by W. A. ​​Mozart, Mendelssohn Bartholdy a. a. The conductor is Judith McGregor.

Buildings

Roman bridge
Biedermeier facade in the main street in the area of ​​the Traydmarkt
House in the main street in the area of ​​the lower market
House in the main street in the area of ​​the lower market
Hammer with sgraffito
Azulejos in the Töpperschloss Neubruck
  • Stadtpfarrkirche St. Magdalena : The three-aisled, late Gothic hall church, which was built in its current form around 1500 and redesigned in Baroque style in 1726, is one of the largest churches in Lower Austria. It has a splendid interior with red round columns with golden baroque capitals and a complicated, red raised ribbed vault, baroque side chapel by Joseph Munggenast .
  • St. Barbara Monastery Church , which was built between 1678 and 1684 by the Carthusian monastery in Gamingen. It is a simple Baroque Capuchin church with high altar paintings by Martin Johann Schmidt (" Kremser Schmidt ").
  • Scheibbs Castle was built on Roman-Celtic or early medieval foundations, it has a simple outer facade with a mighty keep, a beautiful arbor with fountain, arcades, window baskets and wrought iron gate.
  • Töpperwerke Neubruck : An ensemble with castle, chapel, factory owner's crypt , park and factory (19th century) by Andreas Töpper , bear witness to the region's former economic power.
  • Lehenhof Palace : is located south of Scheibbs on a slope above Bundesstraße 25. In the 19th century it was the summer residence of the poet Count Albrecht von Wickenburg and his wife Wilhelmine, who was born Countess Almasy. The castle was laterleasedto the furniture manufacturer Thonet by Baroness Leitgeb. Around 1912 the castle was owned by Albert von Ettingshausen ( Ettingshausen-Nernst effect ). In 1945 the castle was confiscated by the Russians as German property and partially devastated. Today it is owned by the City of Vienna. It was used as a children's rest home. Lehenhof Palace is a simple 19th century palace. It is two-storey and has a horseshoe floor plan, with the main wing facing the street and the courtyard open to the mountain side.
  • Ginselberg Castle : is located on the opposite slope of Lehenhof Castle, in the west of the Neustift district, on a slope terrace. The castle was built in the 19th century from a mirror factory founded in 1828, which was converted into a castle in 1863. It is also called Schönfeld Palace, after Count Schönfeld. Today it is privately owned. It is an elongated building with two floors and an unadorned facade. The castle chapel was built in 1881.
  • Steghof : stately home from 1316, with the Roman bridge in front of it
  • Roman bridge : from 1554, the oldest stone bridge in Scheibbs and in the entire Erlauftal
  • Town hall: built in 1583, Biedermeier building with late Gothic walls. The city council meets in the old knight's hall with halberds, armor, torture tools, muzzle-loaders, shooting targets and guild mugs. The town hall is the former market judge's house.
  • Old town: numerous city gates (Flecknertor, Powder Tower, Burgerhoftor) and remnants of the city wall from 1380 are still preserved. Numerous town houses from the 15th and 16th centuries with inner courtyards, sgraffito facades , Renaissance core (Hauptstrasse 15, 21, 24, 26, 27, 31, 38) bear witness to the city's former wealth.
  • Two lookout points above Scheibbs: the 16 m high Urlingerwarte at the 844  m high Blassenstein and the 12.3 m high Jelinekwarte built in 1953 at the 525  m high Rudolfshöhe.

  • Sgraffito at the Schützenscheibenmuseum in Scheibbs

  • Sgraffito at the rectory in Scheibbs

  • Sgraffito at Scheibbs Castle

  • Flecknertor

  • Burgerhof gate

  • Cemetery gate

  • Tower Gürtel / Schöllgraben, behind the tower of Scheibbs Castle

  • Converted tower at Gaminger Strasse

  • Burgerhofstrasse tower

  • Tower belt opposite cemetery gate

  • Powder tower

Parks and squares

  • Stadtpark: Today's Stadtpark, formerly Steghofpark (named after the adjacent Steghof), was greatly reduced in size in the course of the construction of the federal highway B25 and the connecting road to the city. It borders on the Steghof estate and is now used for events.
  • Töpperpark: The Töpperpark is the abandoned cemetery, of which only the mausoleum of the Töpper family and the cemetery wall and the tower-like entrance gate with wrought-iron bars remind us today. Today it is a park and a children's playground.
  • Kapuzinerplatz : site originally designed by Anton Valentin , stone sculpture on the side in front of the monastery church .
  • Kaiserpark : worn-out complex with a central Kaiser-Franz-Joseph monument. Today the location of a Billa branch.

Trivia

Scheibb's plane landing
  • Slavs lived in Scheibbs in the Middle Ages. They spoke Slavic and named places, streams, mountains, etc. in their language: For example, the names Ginning , Saffen , and Faista ( Faista is an older name of the Lueg Bach) are of Slavic origin. Ginning means 'Tennenbach', Saffen means 'Krötenbach' and Faista means 'faster, clearer brook'.
  • A ski jumping hill was opened in Scheibbs not far from the center in 1949. Today the settlement Am Burgerhof stands there .
  • Wine was grown in Scheibbs until around 1600 , it was the southernmost point of viticulture in the Alpine foothills. Today the high vineyard still reminds of it. With the Little Ice Age from around 1600, the climate changed, the dry, warm Pannonian climate was replaced by the cooler, humid climate from Central Western Europe.
  • Between the stone Urlingerwarte and the wooden Jelinekwarte there was the Greinbergwarte built in 1892 on the Greinberg. It was destroyed by a hurricane in 1904, rebuilt in 1907 and existed until around 1935. Today only the foundations can be seen from the wooden observation deck.
  • In 1918 an Austrian plane lands in Scheibbs-Brandstatt in the narrow Erlauftal. This is the only time that this has happened in the region. The nearest airport is in Linz about 80 km away, the next airfield for gliders in Leutzmannsdorf near Amstetten, at least 30 km away.
  • There were four medieval castles around Scheibbs, all of which were bought and razed by Kartause Gaming .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The following people are honorary citizens of the city:

  • 1850: JB Koller (district captain)
  • 1869: Franz von Wertheim (1814–1883), industrialist, first burglar-proof steel cash register
  • 1879: Franz Kichler (KK district captain)
  • 1886: Ing.Rysmann (Lower Austria state official)
  • 1886: Ferdinand Grubmayr (Savings Bank Advisory Board)
  • 1888: Paul Urlinger (pastor and dean)
  • 1896: Leopold Unterhofer (senior teacher)
  • 1900: Dr. Josef Novak (District Doctor)
  • 1902: Dr. Ernst Hufnagl (District Captain)
  • 1902: Erich Graf Kielmannsegg (governor)
  • 1902: Wilhelm Völkl (member of the Reichsrat)
  • 1906: Karl Höfinger (Mayor)
  • 1912: Dr. Wildhelm Hammer von Pohlau (District Captain)
  • 1924: Alois Weidinger (citizen school director)
  • 1928: Dr. Karl Buresch (Lower Austria Governor)
  • 1937: Rudolf Radinger (Mayor)
  • 1938: Dr. Ernst Obentraut (District Captain)
  • 1958: Johann Kloiber (parish priest and honorary dean)
  • 1958: Dr. Gustav Herrmann (District Captain)
  • 1965: Anton Herok (mayor, councilor)
  • 1968: Ernst Schoiber (Member of the State Parliament and President)
  • 1983: Ing.Alois Derfler (Mayor, Economics Council)
  • 1995: Father Johannes Undesser (pastor)
  • 2000: Franz König (1905–2004), cardinal, chaplain in Scheibbs 1938–1939
  • 2019: Karl Hasengst (* 1949), pastor of Scheibbs 1995–2019

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities associated with the city

  • Ludwig Adam (* 1949), lived for a few years with his family, including his son Zebo Adam, in Scheibbs and lived in lively exchange with the local music scene, as some Scheibbs musicians play in his Hallucination Company (for example Sigi Meier) as well the collaboration with Engel Mayr , who plays in Zebo Adam's band Russkaja , among others

literature

  • Franz Gloser: Scheibbs. Culture and leisure guide . Scheibbs 1995 (no publisher information, no ISBN).
  • E. Kraus-Kassegg, Herbert Pöchhacker, H. Jelinek and others: In Memoriam. Personalities, persons, people, people . 109 short biographies, in the series: “Local history of the Scheibbs district” . Ed .: Hans Hagen Hottenroth. tape IV . Local history study group of the Scheibbs district, Scheibbs 1984 (without ISBN).
  • Hans Hagen Hottenroth: The clay industry Scheibbs 1923-1933, The Scheibbser ceramics after 1937 . Self-published, Scheibbs 1994 (without ISBN).
  • Hans Hagen Hottenroth: The district of Scheibbs. Views from four centuries . Local history study group, Scheibbs 1977 (without ISBN).
  • Wilhelm Löwenstein, Hermann Pröll: Chronicle of the district town of Scheibbs . Scheibbs 1989.
  • Erwin Huber: Fürteben - Miesenbach - Hochbruck - Neubruck (municipality of Scheibbs): then and now . Scheibbs 2008.
  • Heinrich Jelinek: Stadt Scheibbs - Festschrift for the 600th anniversary of the town elevation 1352–1952 . Scheibbs 1952.
  • Wilhelm Löwenstein, Hermann Pröll: Chronicle Scheibbs . Scheibbs 1989.
  • Gerhard Stenzel: From city to city in Austria. Kremayr & Scheriau publishing house. Vienna 1979
  • Roman Sandgruber: Rothschild. Splendor and Fall of the Vienna World House, Molden Verlag, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Scheibbs  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Scheibbs in the Topographia Austriacarum (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
  2. ↑ New control room. In:  Der Naturfreund , year 1903, VII. Year, p. 87, center left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / dna.
  3. ↑ a b Klaus-Dieter Mulley: National Socialism in the Political District of Scheibbs 1930–1945 (=  local history of the district of Scheibbs 8 ). Scheibbs 1988.
  4. ↑ Johannes Kammerstätter: Portable Fatherland . Wieselburg 2012.
  5. ^ Result of the local council election 1995 in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 30, 2000, accessed on October 12, 2019 .
  6. ^ Election result of the municipal council election 2000 in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, February 4, 2005, accessed on October 12, 2019 .
  7. ^ Election result of the local council election 2005 in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, March 4, 2005, accessed on October 12, 2019 .
  8. ^ Election result of the local council election 2010 in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, October 8, 2010, accessed on October 12, 2019 .
  9. ^ Election result of the 2015 municipal council election in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, December 1, 2015, accessed on October 12, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Results of the 2020 municipal council elections in Scheibbs. Office of the Lower Austrian state government, January 26, 2020, accessed on February 29, 2020 .
  11. ↑ a b c Aigner is the new mayor of Scheibbs. In: ORF.at . September 13, 2019, accessed September 13, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Scheibbs: Mayor announces resignation. In: ORF.at . August 14, 2019, accessed September 13, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Scheibbs has a new mayor. Retrieved September 13, 2019 .
  14. ^ Regionalmedien Austria: Hotel is finally in Scheibbs "hands" . In: mein district.at . April 11, 2016 ( mein district.at [accessed January 13, 2018]).
  15. ↑ Jelinekwarte on the website of Mostviertel Tourismus GmbH
  16. ^ Scheibbs .: Chronicle of the district town of Scheibbs . Radinger, 1989, ISBN 3-900974-11-X ( worldcat.org [accessed February 20, 2020]).
  17. ↑ https://www.tips.at/nachrichten/scheibbs/land- Menschen / 490126-ehrenbuergerschaft-fuer-scheibbser-alt- pfarrer , accessed on January 13, 2020.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on September 5, 2006 .