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{{Infobox Military Unit
The '''log mean temperature difference''' (LMTD) is used to determine the temperature driving force for heat transfer in flow systems (most notably in [[heat exchanger]]s). The LMTD is a logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold streams at each end of the exchanger. The use of the LMTD arises straightforwardly from the analysis of a heat exchanger with constant flow rate and fluid thermal properties.
|unit_name= United States Cavalry
|image=[[Image:ArmyCAVBranchPlaque.gif]]
|caption=Cavalry Branch Plaque
|dates= 17 November 1775–1951
|country= [[United States]]
|allegiance=
|branch= [[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]]
|type= Cavalry
|role= Reconnaissance, security, assault
|size= Varied
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname=
|patron= Saint George
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|notable_commanders=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[Image:CavalryBC.gif]]
|identification_symbol_label=Branch insignia
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
|identification_symbol_4=
|identification_symbol_4_label=
}}


The '''United States Cavalry''' is a mounted force of the [[United States Army]] that originated in 1776, during the [[Revolutionary War]]. The role of the U.S. Cavalry is reconnaissance, security and mounted assault, and the Cavalry has served as a part of the Army force in every war the United States has participated in. The Cavalry has its origins and traditions as a [[horse]]-mounted force which played an important role in extending [[United States|American]] governance into [[American west|western North America]].
For [[Countercurrent]] flow (i.e. where the hot stream, liquid or gas, goes from say left to right, and the cold stream, again liquid or gas goes from right to left), is given by the following equation:


Immediately preceding [[World War II]], the U.S. Cavalry began transitioning to a mounted, mechanized force. During World War II, the Army's cavalry units operated as either horse-mounted, mechanized, or dismounted forces (infantry). The last horse-mounted cavalry charge by a U.S. Cavalry unit took place on the [[Bataan Peninsula]], in the [[Philippines]]. The [[26th Cavalry Regiment]] of the [[Philippine Scouts]] executed the charge against Japanese forces near the village of Morong on 16 January 1942.<ref>Shortly after, the besieged, combined United States-Philippine force was forced to slaughter their horses for food and the 26th Regiment continued to fight on foot until their surrender.</ref> The mounted reconnaissance company of the 10th Mountain Division, while not designated as U.S. Cavalry, conducted the last horse-mounted charge of any Army organization in 1945, in [[Austria]].{{cn}}
:<math>LMTD=\frac{(T_1-t_2)-(T_2-t_1)}{\ln \left( \frac{T_1-t_2}{T_2-t_1} \right) }</math>


The Cavalry Branch was replaced by the Armor Branch as part of the Army Reorganization Act of 1950. The [[Vietnam War]] saw the introduction of helicopters and operations as an airborne force referred to as ''Air Cavalry''. Cavalry designations and traditions continue with regiments of both armor and aviation units that continue the cavalry mission. The [[1st Cavalry Division (United States)|1st Cavalry Division]] is the only division of the Army that has a cavalry designation. The division maintains a detachment of horse-mounted cavalry for ceremonies and morale purposes.
And for [[Parallel]] flow (i.e. where the hot stream,nliquid or gas, goes from say left to right, and so does the cold stream), is given by the following equation:


==History==
:<math>LMTD=\frac{(T_1-t_1)-(T_2-t_2)}{\ln \left( \frac{T_1-t_1}{T_2-t_2} \right) }</math>
[[Image:Dragoon-illustration.jpeg|right|thumb|A light dragoon from the American Revolution.]]


Washington saw the intimidating effect of the small force of [[17th Lancers|British 17th Light Dragoons]] that panicked his militia infantry at [[Battle of White Plains|White Plains]], and he appreciated the ability of the 5th Regiment of Connecticut Light Horse Militia under Major Elisha Sheldon to gather intelligence during the subsequent retreat of Continental forces into New Jersey. He asked the Continental Congress for a light cavalry force in the Continental army, and in late 1776 Congress authorized Washington to establish a mounted force of 3000 men.
:<math>T_1=</math>Hot Stream Inlet Temp.
:<math>T_2=</math>Hot Stream Outlet Temp.


===American Revolutionary War===
:<math>t_1=</math>Cold Stream Inlet Temp.
In December, 1776, Congress converted Elisha Sheldon's militia regiment into the Regiment of Light Dragoons. In the Spring of 1777, Washington established the Continental Light Dragoons consisting of four regiments of six troops each, with 280 men to a troop. Many problems faced the dragoon regiments, including the inability of recruiting to bring the units to authorized strength, shortage of suitable cavalry weapons and horses, and lack of uniformity among troopers in dress and discipline. Congress appointed the Polish revolutionary and professional soldier Count [[Kazimierz Pulaski|Casimir Pulaski]] to train them as an offensive strike force during winter quarters of 1777-78 at Trenton, New Jersey.
:<math>t_2=</math>Cold Stream Outlet Temp.


Pulaski's efforts led to friction with the American officers, resulting in his resignation, but Congress authorized Pulaski to form his own independent corps in 1778. Pulaski's Legion consisted of dragoons, riflemen, grenadiers, and infantry. Another independent corps of dragoons joined Pulaski's in the Continental Line during 1778 when a former captain in Bland's Horse, [[Henry Lee III|"Light Horse Harry" Lee]], formed Lee's Corps of Partisan Light Dragoons, which specialized in raiding British supply lines. Colonel Charles Armand Tuffin, a French marquis, raised a third corps of infantry in Boston, called the Free and Independent Chasseurs, which later added a troop of dragoons.
It makes no difference which temperature differential is 1 or 2 as long as the nomenclature is consistent.
The larger the LMTD, the more heat is transferred.


In 1779, Washington ordered the 2nd and 4th Dragoons equipped temporarily as infantry, and deployed the 1st and 3rd Dragoon Regiments and Pulaski's corps to the South to join local militia cavalry and to oppose the new British strategy for controlling that area. Battle engagements in South Carolina largely rendered the 1st and 3rd Regiments ineffective during 1780, and the remnants tried to regroup and reconstitute in Virginia and North Carolina. In August, 1780, Tuffin's Legion was with [[Horatio Gates|General Gates]] at the disastrous [[Battle of Camden]].
Yet a third type of unit is a cross-flow exchanger, in which one system (usually the heat sink) has the same nominal temperature at all points on the heat transfer surface. This follows similar mathematics, in its dependence on the LMTD, except that a correction factor F often needs to be included in the heat transfer relationship.


The most significant engagement of the war involving American dragoons was the [[Battle of Cowpens]] in January 1781. Southern theater commander General [[Nathanael Greene]] reorganized part of Lee's Legion and elements of the shattered 1st and 3rd dragoons in Charlotte and they joined the force commanded by General [[Daniel Morgan]] at Cowpens, charged the advancing British lines at a calculated moment, broke their ranks, and secured a crucial victory. Later, the 3rd Legionary Corps participated in Greene's maneuvers across North Carolina and fought Cornwallis's army well at [[Battle of Guilford Courthouse|Guilford Courthouse]].
There are times when the four temperatures used to calculate the LMTD are not available, and the [[NTU method]] may then be preferable.


Washington decided by January, 1781, to fix the many problems of the dragoons by reconfiguring them as Legionary Corps, in which mounted dragoons were mixed with dismounted dragoons armed as infantry, an organization that persisted until war's end. In 1783, the Continental Army was discharged and the dragoons were released.
==Derivation==


===War of 1812===
Assume heat transfer is occurring between two fluids (<math>T_1</math> and <math>T_2</math>) with a temperature ''difference'' of <math>\Delta T(A)</math> at point A and <math>\Delta T(B)</math> at point B (where <math>\Delta T(z)=T_2(z)-T_1(z)</math>). The direction of fluid flow does not need to be considered. Since LMTD is the ''average'' temperature difference of the two streams between points A and B the following formula defines LMTD:
The first cavalry unit formed by the United States Congress was a squadron of four troops commanded by Major Michael Rudolph on 5 March 1792. In 1799, Congress established a provision for mobilization of three cavalry regiments in the event of a war. Equipment for 3,000 men and horses was procured and stored. The Congressional act of 12 April 12 1808, authorized a standing Regiment of Light Dragoons consisting of eight troops. As war loomed, the act of 11 January 1812, authorized another Regiment of Light Dragoons. These regiments were respectively known afterwards as the First and Second United States Dragoons.


Secretary of War (name?) granted Colonel Richard M. Johnson permission to raise two battalions of volunteer cavalry in 1813. Johnson recruited 1,200 men, divided into 14 companies. In autumn, after much training, Johnson's Volunteers, as they had come to be called, clashed with the British 45th Foot along the Thames River, 90 miles east of Detroit. The training and the tactical leadership of Col. Johnson resulted in the surrender of the British.
:<math>LMTD=\frac{\int^{B}_{A} \Delta T(z)\,dz}{\int^{B}_{A}\,dz}</math> where <math>z</math> is the distance parallel to the motion of the two fluids.


Congress combined the First and Second United States Dragoons into one Regiment of Light Dragoons on 30 March 1814. This was a result of cutting the costs of sustaining two organizations when neither could maintain a full compliment of riders. At the end of the year, the war ended with the signing of the [[Peace Treaty of Ghent]]. The Regiment was disbanded on 3 March 1815, with the explanation that cavalry forces were too expensive to maintain as part of a standing army. The retained officers and men were folded into the Corps of Artillery by 15 June 1815, all others were discharged.
The rate of change of the temperature of the two fluids, <math>T_1</math> and <math>T_2</math> respectively, is proportional to the temperature difference between the two fluids:


===Westward expansion===
:<math>\frac{dT_1}{dz}=k_a (T_1(z)-T_2(z))=-k_a\Delta T(z)</math>
In 1832, Congress forms the United States Mounted Ranger Battalion to protect settlers along the east bank of the Mississippi River and to keep the Santa Fe trail open. The battalion comprised volunteers organized into six companies of 100 men. To correct what was perceived as a lack of discipline, organization and reliability, Congress formed the United States Regiment of Dragoons as a reguar force in 1833, consisting of 10 companies (designated A through K) with a total of 750 men. Chief Osceola, of the Seminole nation, led his tribe in a war against the settlers in 1835. The established units and militia could not effectively contain the Indians, so in 1836, Congress established the 2nd United States Regiment of Dragoons. The armament of the dragoons consisted of saber, two pistols, and a carbine.


2 March 1833, the Regiment of Dragoons was reconstituted. This unit was renamed to the First Regiment of Dragoons when the second regiment was formed in 1836. Known as the Black Hawks, the First Dragoons served in the Black Hawk Wars and the Mexican War, where they helped decide the [[Battle of Resaca de la Palma]].
:<math>\frac{dT_2}{dz}=k_b (T_2(z)-T_1(z))=k_b\Delta T(z)</math>


=== War with Mexico ===
Therefore:
[[Image:Remember Your Regiment, U.S. Army in Action Series, 2d Dragoons charge in Mexican War 1846.jpg|thumb|Captain Charles A. May's squadron of the 2d Dragoons slashes through the Mexican Army lines.]]
=== Civil War ===
Under the title 1st United States Cavalry it fought in virtually every campaign in the east during the American Civil War. Shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War the U.S. dragoon regiments were designated as "Cavalry", losing their previous distinctions. The change was an unpopular one and the former dragoons retained their orange braided blue jackets until they wore out and had to be replaced with cavalry yellow.


===Miscellaneous and misplaced information===
:<math>\frac{d(\Delta T)}{dz}=\frac{d(T_2-T_1)}{dz}=\frac{dT_2}{dz}-\frac{dT_1}{dz}=K\Delta T(z)</math> where <math>K=k_a+k_b</math>
The 1st and 2nd Battalion, 48th Infantry were mechanized infantry units assigned to 3d Armored Division from 1963 to 1992. Along with the 1st Battalion, 33d Armor, they comprised the maneuver elements of the Division's 2d Brigade, stationed Coleman Kaserne, in the city of Gelnhausen, Federal Republic of Germany. The Battalions served as part of NATO forces guarding the Inner-German Border against the Warsaw Pact, and later with the 3rd Armored Division in Desert Storm. The unit crest of the 48th Infantry designated the unit as Dragoons. They are descended from National Guard units which trained for the First World War, and Armored Rifle Battalions which served with the US 7th Armored Division during WWII. The 48th Armored Rifle Battalion, along with 1st Battalion, 40th Armor, in particular fought a tough battle in Vielsalm, Belgium, holding off the German V Panzer Corps for three days at the crossing of the Salm river, during the German Ardennes Offensive ([[Battle of the Bulge]]).


The 1st Dragoons was reformed in the Vietnam era as 1st Squadron, 1st U.S. Cavalry, and continues to this day in the Iraqi War as the oldest cavalry unit, as well as the most decorated unit, in the US Army. Today's modern 1-1 Cavalry is a scout/attack unit, equipped with [[M1 Abrams|M1A1 Abrams tanks]] and [[M2 Bradley|M3 Bradley CFVs]].
This gives us a value for <math>dz</math>:


Another modern [[United States Army]] unit informally known as the 2nd Dragoons is the [[2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|2nd Cavalry Regiment (Stryker)]]. This unit was originally organized as the Second Dragoon Regiment in 1836 until it was renamed the Second Cavalry Regiment in 1860, morphing into the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment in the 1960s. The regiment is currently equipped with the [[Stryker (vehicle)|Stryker]] family of wheeled fighting vehicles.
:<math>dz=\frac{1}{K}\,\frac{d(\Delta T)}{\Delta T}</math>


==Tradition==
Substituting back into our formula for LMTD:
The cavalry, much like any other military force, has its own unique traditions and history. Most notably, units in the modern Army with cavalry lineage often adopt black [[Stetson]]'s as unofficial headgear, recalling the wool felt campaign hats of the Frontier Era. Other traditions include the [[Order of the Spur]] with its attendant "Spur Ride" initiation, the [[Saber Arch]], the poem ''[[Fiddler's Green]]'', the song ''[[Garryowen]]'', and the [[Order of the Yellow Garter]]. Officers in armor and aviation units with cavalry designations will also often wear cavalry branch insignia in place of the insignia of their original branch.


==Popular culture==
:<math>LMTD=\frac{\int^{B}_{A} \Delta T(z)\,dz}{\int^{B}_{A}\,dz}=\frac{\int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K}\,d(\Delta T)}{\int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K}\,\frac{d(\Delta T)}{\Delta T}}</math>
[[Image:Commanding General's Mounted Color Guard, Fort Riley, 2005.jpg|right|thumb|Solders with the Commanding General's Mounted Color Guard, [[Fort Riley]], [[Kansas]], prepare for a parade.]]
The cavalry is classically portrayed in the American Western movie as a force that comes to save the day, typically against hostile [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]]. They are often accompanied by a [[bugle call]], and the cry [[Charge (warfare)|''"Charge"'']].<ref>[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/bugle.htm Bugle Calls<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The bugle call and cry of, "Charge!" is often used at United States sporting events to encourage crowd participation and rally support for the home team.


==Cavalry units==
Integrating gives:
[[Image:1st Cavalry Division’s Horse Cavalry Detachment charge across Noel Field, activation of 4th BCT, 1st Armor Division, Fort Bliss, TX 2005.jpg|right|thumb|1st Cavalry Division's Horse Cavalry Detachment charge during a ceremony at Fort Bliss, Texas, 2005.]]
===Historical units===
;Early Regiments (1775-1783)
*[[First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry|Philadelphia Light Horse]] (1774)(mustered into Federal Service} now Troop A, 1st Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment Pennsylvania National Guard
*[[1st Continental Light Dragoons]] (See [[Henry Lee III|Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee]])
*[[2nd Continental Light Dragoons]] aka (Sheldon's Horse-see [[Lemuel Cook]] and [[Elijah Churchill]])
*[[3rd Continental Light Dragoons]] (See [[Baylor's Massacre]])
*[[4th Continental Light Dragoons]] (See [[William Washington]])
*[[Pulaski's Legion]] (1778-1780)
*[[Armand's Legion]] (1778-1783)
*[[Lee's Legion]] aka [[Lee's Partisan Corps]]
*[[Ottendorf's Corps]] part of which became [[Von Heer Provost Unit]]-see under Light Dragoons of the [[List of Continental Forces in the American Revolutionary War]]


*[[2nd Cavalry Division (United States)|2nd Cavalry Division]] (Inactive)
:<math>LMTD=\frac{\int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K}\,d(\Delta T)}{\int^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)} \frac{1}{K}\,\frac{d(\Delta T)}{\Delta T}}=\frac{\Delta T]^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)}}{\ln{\Delta T}]^{\Delta T(B)}_{\Delta T(A)}}=\frac{\Delta T(B)-\Delta T(A)}{\ln \left( \frac{\Delta T(B)}{\Delta T(A)} \right) }</math>
*[[3rd Cavalry Division (United States)|3rd Cavalry Division]] (Inactive)
*[[15th Cavalry Division (United States)|15th Cavalry Division]] (Inactivated with assets used to form 1st & 2nd Cavalry Divisions)
;National Guard
*[[21st Cavalry Division (United States)|21st Cavalry Division]]; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards.
**51st Cavalry Brigade; New York Army National Guard.
*[[22nd Cavalry Division (United States)|22nd Cavalry Division]]; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[23rd Cavalry Division (United States)|23rd Cavalry Division]]; Alabama, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[24th Cavalry Division (United States)|24th Cavalry Division]]; Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming Army National Guards.
;Army Reserve
*[[61st Cavalry Division (United States)|61st Cavalry Division]]; New York and New Jersey.
*[[62nd Cavalry Division (United States)|62nd Cavalry Division]]; Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania.
*[[63rd Cavalry Division (United States)|63rd Cavalry Division]]; Tennessee, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Oklahoma, and Colorado.
*[[64th Cavalry Division (United States)|64th Cavalry Division]]; Kentucky, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire.
*[[65th Cavalry Division (United States)|65th Cavalry Division]]; Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
*[[66th Cavalry Division (United States)|66th Cavalry Division]]; Nebraska, Missouri, Utah, and North Dakota.


;Regiments
Trivial case:
:;Volunteers
*[[1st US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment]] {Raised [[Spanish-American War]]; see [[Rough Riders]]}.
*3rd US Volunteer Cavalry Regiment" (South Dakota National Guard-Raised Spanish AMerican War)aka "Grigsby's Cowboys".[[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/arng-sd.htm]
:;Regular Army
*[[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment]] ''US Regiment of Dragoons'' founded 1832. Changed to the 1st Cavalry Regiment in 1861.
*[[2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|2nd Cavalry Regiment]] ''2nd Regiment of Dragoons'' founded 1836. Changed from 2nd Dragoons to the 2nd Cavalry in 1861.
*[[3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (United States)|3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment]] ''Regiment of Mounted Riflemen'' founded 1846
*[[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavarly Regiment]] Regiment; founded 1855; also see [[Ranald S. Mackenzie]].
*[[5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|5th Cavalry Regiment]] formed in 1855 as 2nd Cavalry Regiment formed 1855, reflagged as 5th Cavalry in 1861
*[[6th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|6th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1861
*[[7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|7th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866
*[[8th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|8th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866
*[[9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|9th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866-see[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/b-trp-9cav.htm B Troop 9th Cavalry]
*[[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry Regiment]] see also [[Buffalo Soldiers]]. Founded [[July 28]], [[1866]]
*[[11th Armored Cavalry Regiment]] Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*[[12th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|12th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*13th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-13ar.htm U.S.]-see [[2nd Cavalry Division (United States)]]; also [[Pancho Villa]]. Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]. Later changed to the 1st Battalion/13th Armor.
*U.S. 14th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/2-14cav.htm]-founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*U.S. 15th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.knox.army.mil/school/194arbde/515/index.htm]-founded 1901; refounded 1987.
*[[17th Cavalry Regiment]] founded 1916.
*[[24th Cavalry Regiment]] later changed to [[82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]] of the [[1st Cavalry Division]]
*[[26th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|26th Cavalry Regiment]]{Last Cavalry Charge of US Army in 1941}
*[http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpLockett.html 27th Cavalry Regiment] [[U.S. 2nd Cavalry Division]] inactivated 1951-see [[Buffalo Soldiers]]
*28th Cavalry Regiment [[U.S. 2nd Cavalry Division]] inactivated 1951-see [[Buffalo Soldiers]][http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpLockett.html]


;Separate Brigades
:<math>{\Delta T(z) = C}</math> for all <math>z</math>
:;Regular Army
*4th Cavalry Brigade (inactive?)[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/4cav-bde.htm] Note: There is no historical link between the 4th Cavalry Brigade and the 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division
*6th Cavalry Brigade (inactive)[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/6cav.htm] Note: There is no historical link between the 6th Cavalry Brigade and the 6th Cavalry Regiment.
*21st Cavalry Brigade (Air Combat Training)[http://www.hood.army.mil/21cav/index.htm]
:;National Guard
*[[52nd Cavalry Brigade]]; Pennsylvania Army National Guard.
*[[53rd Cavalry Brigade]]; Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[54th Cavalry Brigade]]; Kentucky and Ohio Army National Guards.
*[[55th Cavalry Brigade]]; Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Tennessee Army National Guards.
*[[57th Cavalry Brigade]]; Iowa and Kansas Army National Guards.
*[[58th Cavalry Brigade]]; Idaho and Wyoming Army National Guards.
*[[59th Cavalry Brigade]]; Massachusetts and New Jersey Army National Guards.
*[[16th Cavalry Regiment]]
*1st Squadron, [[18th Cavalry Regiment]], [[40th Infantry Division]], CA ARNG [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-18cav.htm]
*[[31st Cavalry Regiment]]
*[[61st Cavalry Regiment]]


;Squadrons
:<math>LMTD=\frac{\int^{B}_{A} \Delta T(z)\,dz}{\int^{B}_{A}\,dz}=\frac{C\int^{B}_{A}\,dz}{\int^{B}_{A}\,dz}=C</math>
:;Regular Army
*1st Squadron, 40th Cavalry Regiment (Airborne) 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division[http://www.usarak.army.mil/4bde25th/]
:;National Guard
*[[1st Squadron, [[82nd Cavalry Regiment]], 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team]] (IBCT), [[40th Infantry Division]], [[OR ARNG]]
*[[89th Cavalry Regiment]]
*[[1st Squadron, 94th Cavalry Regiment]], 1st BCT, [[34th Infantry Division (United States)|34th Infantry Division]], MN ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 101st Cavalry Regiment, 42nd Infantry Division]] (Mechanized), NY ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 102nd Cavalry Regiment, 50th BCT]] (RSTA), NJ ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment, 55th BCT]], [[U.S. 28th Infantry Division|28th Infantry Division]], PA ARNG
*[[2nd Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment]], 56th BCT, 28th Infantry Division, PA ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 105th Cavalry Regiment]], [[U.S. 32nd Infantry Brigade|32nd Brigade Combat Team]], WI ARNG
*[[106th Cavalry Regiment]] (United States)|2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry Regiment, 33rd BCT, IL ARNG
*2nd Squadron, [[107th Cavalry Regiment]], 2nd BCT, 28th Infantry Division, PA ARNG
*1st Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 48th IBCT, GA ARNG
*2nd Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 256th BCT, LA ARNG
*3rd Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 560th BfSB, GA ARNG
*[[113th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Squadron, 113th Cavalry Regiment]], 2nd BCT, 34th Infantry Division, IA ARNG
*[[2nd Squadron, 116th Cavalry Regiment]], 116th Cavalry Brigade, ID ARNG
*[[5th Squadron, 117th Cavalry Regiment]], 42nd Infantry Division, NJ ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment]], 36th Infantry Division, TX ARNG
*[[3rd Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment]], 36th Infantry Division, TX ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 150th Cavalry Regiment]], WV ARNG (1-150th Cav is part of 30th BCT, NC ARNG)
*[[1st Squadron, 151st Cavalry Regiment]], AR ARNG (1-151st Cav is part of 39th Infantry BCT, AR ARNG)
*[[1st Squadron, 153rd Cavalry Regiment]], 53rd Infantry BCT, FL ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 158th Cavalry Regiment]] (RSTA), 58th BCT, 29th Infantry Division, MD ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 182nd Cavalry Regiment]], MA ARNG, 26 BCT, 29th Infantry Division
*[[2nd Squadron, 183rd Cavalry Regiment]] (RSTA), 116th BCT, 29th Infantry Division, VA ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 192nd Cavalry Regiment]], 92nd BCT, PR ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 263rd Cavalry Regiment]], 218th Infantry BCT, SC ARNG
*[[278th Armored Cavalry Regiment]], TN ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 279th Cavalry Regiment]], 45th Infantry BCT, OK ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 299th Cavalry Regiment]], 29th Infantry BCT, Hawaii ARNG
;Army Reserve
*[[7th Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment]], [[11th Theater Aviation Command]]


== Assumptions ==
=== Current units===
[[Image:SC120314.jpg|thumb|With colors flying and guidons down, the lead troops of the famous [[U.S. 9th Cavalry Regiment|9th Cavalry]] pass in review at the regiment's new home in rebuilt [[Camp Funston]]. [[Fort Riley|Ft. Riley]], [[Kansas]] May 28, 1941]]
It has been assumed that the rate of change for the temperature of both fluids is proportional to the temperature difference; this assumption is valid for fluids with a constant [[specific heat]], which is a good description of fluids changing temperature over a relatively small range. However, if the specific heat changes, the LMTD approach will no longer be accurate.


;Divisions
A particular case where the LMTD is not applicable are [[condenser (heat transfer)|condensers]] and [[reboiler]]s, where the [[latent heat]] associated to phase change makes the hypothesis invalid.


:;Regular Army
==References==
*[[1st Cavalry Division (United States)|1st Cavalry Division]]
Kay J M & Nedderman R M (1985) ''Fluid Mechanics and Transfer Processes'', Cambridge University Press
**[[1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (United States)|1st Cavalry Brigade]]; Currently designated as 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[http://www.hood.army.mil/1stcavdiv/units/1bct/index.htm]
**[[2nd Cavalry Brigade]]; Currently designated as 2nd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[http://www.hood.army.mil/1stcavdiv/units/2BCT/index.htm]
**[[3rd Cavalry Brigade]]; Currently designated as 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[http://www.hood.army.mil/1stcavdiv/units/3BCT/index.htm]
**[[4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (United States)|4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division]] [http://www.hood.army.mil/1stcavdiv/units/4BCT/index.htm]


;National Guard
==External links==
*[[21st Cavalry Division (United States)|21st Cavalry Division]]; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards.
*[[22nd Cavalry Division (United States)|22nd Cavalry Division]]; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[23rd Cavalry Division (United States)|23rd Cavalry Division]]; Alabama, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[24th Cavalry Division (United States)|24th Cavalry Division]]; Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming Army National Guards.


;Army Reserve
Simple LMTD calculator: http://www.fridgetech.com/calculators/lmtd2.html
*[[61st Cavalry Division (United States)|61st Cavalry Division]]; New York and New Jersey.
*[[62nd Cavalry Division (United States)|62nd Cavalry Division]]; Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania.
*[[63rd Cavalry Division (United States)|63rd Cavalry Division]]; Tennessee, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Oklahoma, and Colorado.
*[[64th Cavalry Division (United States)|64th Cavalry Division]]; Kentucky, Massachusetts, Vermont, and New Hampshire.
*[[65th Cavalry Division (United States)|65th Cavalry Division]]; Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.
*[[66th Cavalry Division (United States)|66th Cavalry Division]]; Nebraska, Missouri, Utah, and North Dakota.


;Separate Brigades
Advanced LMTD calculator: http://www.chemsof.com/lmtd/lmtd.htm
:;Regular Army
*21st Cavalry Brigade {Air Combat Training}[http://www.hood.army.mil/21cav/index.htm]
:;National Guard
*[[21st Cavalry Division (United States)|51st Cavalry Brigade]]; New York Army National Guard.
*[[52nd Cavalry Brigade]]; Pennsylvania Army National Guard.
*[[53rd Cavalry Brigade]]; Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
*[[54th Cavalry Brigade]]; Kentucky and Ohio Army National Guards.
*[[55th Cavalry Brigade]]; Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Tennessee Army National Guards.
*[[57th Cavalry Brigade]]; Iowa and Kansas Army National Guards.
*[[58th Cavalry Brigade]]; Idaho and Wyoming Army National Guards.
*[[59th Cavalry Brigade]]; Massachusetts and New Jersey Army National Guards.

;Regiments
:;Regular Army'''
*[[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry Regiment]] ''US Regiment of Dragoons'' founded 1832. Changed to the 1st Cavalry Regiment in 1861.
*[[2nd Cavalry Regiment (United States)|2nd Cavalry Regiment]] ''2nd Regiment of Dragoons'' founded 1836. Changed from 2nd Dragoons to the 2nd Cavalry in 1861.
*[[3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (United States)|3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment]] ''Regiment of Mounted Riflemen'' founded 1846
*[[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavarly Regiment]] Regiment; founded 1855; also see [[Ranald S. Mackenzie]].
*[[5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|5th Cavalry Regiment]] formerly 2nd Cavalry Regiment formed 1855. Changed to 5th Cavalry in 1861
*[[6th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|6th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1861
*[[7th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|7th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866
*[[8th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|8th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866
*[[9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|9th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded 1866-see[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/b-trp-9cav.htm B Troop 9th Cavalry]
*[[10th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|10th Cavalry Regiment]] see also [[Buffalo Soldiers]]. Founded [[July 28]], [[1866]]
*[[11th Armored Cavalry Regiment]] Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*[[12th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|12th Cavalry Regiment]] Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*13th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-13ar.htm U.S.]-see [[2nd Cavalry Division (United States)]]; also [[Pancho Villa]]. Founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]. Later changed to the 1st Battalion/13th Armor.
*U.S. 14th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/2-14cav.htm]-founded [[February 2]], [[1901]]
*U.S. 15th Cavalry Regiment[http://www.knox.army.mil/school/194arbde/515/index.htm]-founded 1901; refounded 1987.
*[[17th Cavalry Regiment]] founded 1916.
*[[24th Cavalry Regiment]] later changed to [[82nd Field Artillery Regiment (United States)]] of the [[1st Cavalry Division]]
*[[26th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|26th Cavalry Regiment]]{Last Cavalry Charge of US Army in 1941}
*[http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpLockett.html 27th Cavalry Regiment] [[U.S. 2nd Cavalry Division]] inactivated 1951-see [[Buffalo Soldiers]]
*[http://www.militarymuseum.org/CpLockett.html 28th Cavalry Regiment] [[U.S. 2nd Cavalry Division]] inactivated 1951-see [[Buffalo Soldiers]]
*[http://www.usarak.army.mil/4bde25th/1st Squadron, 40th Cavalry Regiment (Airborne)]4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division
*[[16th Cavalry Regiment]]
***1st Squadron, [[18th Cavalry Regiment]], [[40th Infantry Division]], CA ARNG [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/1-18cav.htm]
***[[31st Cavalry Regiment]]
***[[61st Cavalry Regiment]]
***[[1st Squadron, [[82nd Cavalry Regiment]], 41st Infantry Brigade Combat Team]] (IBCT), [[40th Infantry Division]], [[OR ARNG]]
***[[89th Cavalry Regiment]]
***[[1st Squadron, 94th Cavalry Regiment]], 1st BCT, [[34th Infantry Division (United States)|34th Infantry Division]], MN ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 101st Cavalry Regiment, 42nd Infantry Division]] (Mechanized), NY ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 102nd Cavalry Regiment, 50th BCT]] (RSTA), NJ ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment, 55th BCT]], [[U.S. 28th Infantry Division|28th Infantry Division]], PA ARNG
*[[2nd Squadron, 104th Cavalry Regiment]], 56th BCT, 28th Infantry Division, PA ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 105th Cavalry Regiment]], [[U.S. 32nd Infantry Brigade|32nd Brigade Combat Team]], WI ARNG
*[[106th Cavalry Regiment]] (United States)|2nd Squadron, 106th Cavalry Regiment, 33rd BCT, IL ARNG
*2nd Squadron, [[107th Cavalry Regiment]], 2nd BCT, 28th Infantry Division, PA ARNG
*1st Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 48th IBCT, GA ARNG
*2nd Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 256th BCT, LA ARNG
*3rd Squadron, [[108th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|108th Cavalry Regiment]], 560th BfSB, GA ARNG
*[[113th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Squadron, 113th Cavalry Regiment]], 2nd BCT, 34th Infantry Division, IA ARNG
*[[2nd Squadron, 116th Cavalry Regiment]], 116th Cavalry Brigade, ID ARNG
*[[5th Squadron, 117th Cavalry Regiment]], 42nd Infantry Division, NJ ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment]], 36th Infantry Division, TX ARNG
*[[3rd Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment]], 36th Infantry Division, TX ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 150th Cavalry Regiment]], WV ARNG (1-150th Cav is part of 30th BCT, NC ARNG)
*[[1st Squadron, 151st Cavalry Regiment]], AR ARNG (1-151st Cav is part of 39th Infantry BCT, AR ARNG)
*[[1st Squadron, 153rd Cavalry Regiment]], 53rd Infantry BCT, FL ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 158th Cavalry Regiment]] (RSTA), 58th BCT, 29th Infantry Division, MD ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 182nd Cavalry Regiment]], MA ARNG, 26 BCT, 29th Infantry Division
*[[2nd Squadron, 183rd Cavalry Regiment]] (RSTA), 116th BCT, 29th Infantry Division, VA ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 192nd Cavalry Regiment]], 92nd BCT, PR ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 263rd Cavalry Regiment]], 218th Infantry BCT, SC ARNG
*[[278th Armored Cavalry Regiment]], TN ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 279th Cavalry Regiment]], 45th Infantry BCT, OK ARNG
*[[1st Squadron, 299th Cavalry Regiment]], 29th Infantry BCT, Hawaii ARNG

;Army Reserve

*[[7th Squadron, 6th Cavalry Regiment]], [[11th Theater Aviation Command]]

==Notable United States Cavalrymen==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
*[[Adna Chaffee, Jr.]]
*[[Adna R. Chaffee]]
*[[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]
*[[Forrest Tucker]]
*[[Francis Marion]]
*[[George Armstrong Custer]]
{{col-4}}
*[[George S. Patton]]
*[[Hal Moore]]
*[[Harry A. "Paddy" Flint]]
*[[Henry Lee III]]
*[[J.E.B. Stuart]]
*[[John Hunt Morgan]]
*[[John J. Pershing]]
{{col-4}}
*[[John P. Lucas]]
*[[Lucian Truscott]]
*[[Luke Short]]
*[[Nathan Bedford Forrest]]
*[[Phillip Sheridan]]
*[[Robert E. Lee]]
*[[Ronald Reagan]]
{{col-4}}
*[[Samuel P. Carter]]
*[[Stephen W. Kearny]]
*[[Theodore Roosevelt]]
*[[Thomas Custer]]
*[[Wesley Merritt]]
*[[Wild Bill Hickok]]
*[[William Cody]]
{{col-end}}

==See also==
{{Wikisource|ARMOR-CAVALRY: Part 1; Regular Army and Army Reserve}}
*[[Buffalo Soldier]] [[African American]] cavalrymen

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{refbegin}}
*Daily, Edward L. ''We Remember: U.S. Cavalry Association''. Paducah, KY: Turner Pub. Co, 1996. ISBN 156311318X
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.first-team.us/journals/sep_bnco/hcdndx01.html Horse Detachment, 1st Cavalry Division]
*[http://www.militaryhorse.org/ Society of the Military Horse]
*[http://www.ranger25.com Ranger25.com] 5th and 2/12th US Cavalry, Vietnam
*[http://www.cavhooah.com CavHooah.com]


==Recommended reading==
{{tech-stub}}
*{{cite book|title=History of the United States Cavalry: From the Formation of the Federal Government to the 1st of June 1863, ...|first=Albert G.|last=Brackett|date=1865 reprinted 1968|pages=337|publisher=Greenwood|location=New York City}}
*{{cite book|title=Record of service of Connecticut men in the I. War of the Revolution, II. War of 1812, III. Mexican War|first=|last=Connecticut Adjutant General's Office|date=1889|pages=959|publisher= Case, Lockwood & Brainard|location= Hartford, Connecticut }}
*{{cite book|title=Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, From Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903|first=Francis Bernard|last=Heitman|date=1903 reprinted 1968|location=Baltimore|publisher=Genealogical Publishing Co.|pages=890|volume=I}}

Revision as of 22:07, 13 October 2008

United States Cavalry
Cavalry Branch Plaque
Active17 November 1775–1951
CountryUnited States
BranchRegular Army
TypeCavalry
RoleReconnaissance, security, assault
SizeVaried
PatronSaint George
Insignia
Branch insignia

The United States Cavalry is a mounted force of the United States Army that originated in 1776, during the Revolutionary War. The role of the U.S. Cavalry is reconnaissance, security and mounted assault, and the Cavalry has served as a part of the Army force in every war the United States has participated in. The Cavalry has its origins and traditions as a horse-mounted force which played an important role in extending American governance into western North America.

Immediately preceding World War II, the U.S. Cavalry began transitioning to a mounted, mechanized force. During World War II, the Army's cavalry units operated as either horse-mounted, mechanized, or dismounted forces (infantry). The last horse-mounted cavalry charge by a U.S. Cavalry unit took place on the Bataan Peninsula, in the Philippines. The 26th Cavalry Regiment of the Philippine Scouts executed the charge against Japanese forces near the village of Morong on 16 January 1942.[1] The mounted reconnaissance company of the 10th Mountain Division, while not designated as U.S. Cavalry, conducted the last horse-mounted charge of any Army organization in 1945, in Austria.[citation needed]

The Cavalry Branch was replaced by the Armor Branch as part of the Army Reorganization Act of 1950. The Vietnam War saw the introduction of helicopters and operations as an airborne force referred to as Air Cavalry. Cavalry designations and traditions continue with regiments of both armor and aviation units that continue the cavalry mission. The 1st Cavalry Division is the only division of the Army that has a cavalry designation. The division maintains a detachment of horse-mounted cavalry for ceremonies and morale purposes.

History

File:Dragoon-illustration.jpeg
A light dragoon from the American Revolution.

Washington saw the intimidating effect of the small force of British 17th Light Dragoons that panicked his militia infantry at White Plains, and he appreciated the ability of the 5th Regiment of Connecticut Light Horse Militia under Major Elisha Sheldon to gather intelligence during the subsequent retreat of Continental forces into New Jersey. He asked the Continental Congress for a light cavalry force in the Continental army, and in late 1776 Congress authorized Washington to establish a mounted force of 3000 men.

American Revolutionary War

In December, 1776, Congress converted Elisha Sheldon's militia regiment into the Regiment of Light Dragoons. In the Spring of 1777, Washington established the Continental Light Dragoons consisting of four regiments of six troops each, with 280 men to a troop. Many problems faced the dragoon regiments, including the inability of recruiting to bring the units to authorized strength, shortage of suitable cavalry weapons and horses, and lack of uniformity among troopers in dress and discipline. Congress appointed the Polish revolutionary and professional soldier Count Casimir Pulaski to train them as an offensive strike force during winter quarters of 1777-78 at Trenton, New Jersey.

Pulaski's efforts led to friction with the American officers, resulting in his resignation, but Congress authorized Pulaski to form his own independent corps in 1778. Pulaski's Legion consisted of dragoons, riflemen, grenadiers, and infantry. Another independent corps of dragoons joined Pulaski's in the Continental Line during 1778 when a former captain in Bland's Horse, "Light Horse Harry" Lee, formed Lee's Corps of Partisan Light Dragoons, which specialized in raiding British supply lines. Colonel Charles Armand Tuffin, a French marquis, raised a third corps of infantry in Boston, called the Free and Independent Chasseurs, which later added a troop of dragoons.

In 1779, Washington ordered the 2nd and 4th Dragoons equipped temporarily as infantry, and deployed the 1st and 3rd Dragoon Regiments and Pulaski's corps to the South to join local militia cavalry and to oppose the new British strategy for controlling that area. Battle engagements in South Carolina largely rendered the 1st and 3rd Regiments ineffective during 1780, and the remnants tried to regroup and reconstitute in Virginia and North Carolina. In August, 1780, Tuffin's Legion was with General Gates at the disastrous Battle of Camden.

The most significant engagement of the war involving American dragoons was the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781. Southern theater commander General Nathanael Greene reorganized part of Lee's Legion and elements of the shattered 1st and 3rd dragoons in Charlotte and they joined the force commanded by General Daniel Morgan at Cowpens, charged the advancing British lines at a calculated moment, broke their ranks, and secured a crucial victory. Later, the 3rd Legionary Corps participated in Greene's maneuvers across North Carolina and fought Cornwallis's army well at Guilford Courthouse.

Washington decided by January, 1781, to fix the many problems of the dragoons by reconfiguring them as Legionary Corps, in which mounted dragoons were mixed with dismounted dragoons armed as infantry, an organization that persisted until war's end. In 1783, the Continental Army was discharged and the dragoons were released.

War of 1812

The first cavalry unit formed by the United States Congress was a squadron of four troops commanded by Major Michael Rudolph on 5 March 1792. In 1799, Congress established a provision for mobilization of three cavalry regiments in the event of a war. Equipment for 3,000 men and horses was procured and stored. The Congressional act of 12 April 12 1808, authorized a standing Regiment of Light Dragoons consisting of eight troops. As war loomed, the act of 11 January 1812, authorized another Regiment of Light Dragoons. These regiments were respectively known afterwards as the First and Second United States Dragoons.

Secretary of War (name?) granted Colonel Richard M. Johnson permission to raise two battalions of volunteer cavalry in 1813. Johnson recruited 1,200 men, divided into 14 companies. In autumn, after much training, Johnson's Volunteers, as they had come to be called, clashed with the British 45th Foot along the Thames River, 90 miles east of Detroit. The training and the tactical leadership of Col. Johnson resulted in the surrender of the British.

Congress combined the First and Second United States Dragoons into one Regiment of Light Dragoons on 30 March 1814. This was a result of cutting the costs of sustaining two organizations when neither could maintain a full compliment of riders. At the end of the year, the war ended with the signing of the Peace Treaty of Ghent. The Regiment was disbanded on 3 March 1815, with the explanation that cavalry forces were too expensive to maintain as part of a standing army. The retained officers and men were folded into the Corps of Artillery by 15 June 1815, all others were discharged.

Westward expansion

In 1832, Congress forms the United States Mounted Ranger Battalion to protect settlers along the east bank of the Mississippi River and to keep the Santa Fe trail open. The battalion comprised volunteers organized into six companies of 100 men. To correct what was perceived as a lack of discipline, organization and reliability, Congress formed the United States Regiment of Dragoons as a reguar force in 1833, consisting of 10 companies (designated A through K) with a total of 750 men. Chief Osceola, of the Seminole nation, led his tribe in a war against the settlers in 1835. The established units and militia could not effectively contain the Indians, so in 1836, Congress established the 2nd United States Regiment of Dragoons. The armament of the dragoons consisted of saber, two pistols, and a carbine.

2 March 1833, the Regiment of Dragoons was reconstituted. This unit was renamed to the First Regiment of Dragoons when the second regiment was formed in 1836. Known as the Black Hawks, the First Dragoons served in the Black Hawk Wars and the Mexican War, where they helped decide the Battle of Resaca de la Palma.

War with Mexico

Captain Charles A. May's squadron of the 2d Dragoons slashes through the Mexican Army lines.

Civil War

Under the title 1st United States Cavalry it fought in virtually every campaign in the east during the American Civil War. Shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War the U.S. dragoon regiments were designated as "Cavalry", losing their previous distinctions. The change was an unpopular one and the former dragoons retained their orange braided blue jackets until they wore out and had to be replaced with cavalry yellow.

Miscellaneous and misplaced information

The 1st and 2nd Battalion, 48th Infantry were mechanized infantry units assigned to 3d Armored Division from 1963 to 1992. Along with the 1st Battalion, 33d Armor, they comprised the maneuver elements of the Division's 2d Brigade, stationed Coleman Kaserne, in the city of Gelnhausen, Federal Republic of Germany. The Battalions served as part of NATO forces guarding the Inner-German Border against the Warsaw Pact, and later with the 3rd Armored Division in Desert Storm. The unit crest of the 48th Infantry designated the unit as Dragoons. They are descended from National Guard units which trained for the First World War, and Armored Rifle Battalions which served with the US 7th Armored Division during WWII. The 48th Armored Rifle Battalion, along with 1st Battalion, 40th Armor, in particular fought a tough battle in Vielsalm, Belgium, holding off the German V Panzer Corps for three days at the crossing of the Salm river, during the German Ardennes Offensive (Battle of the Bulge).

The 1st Dragoons was reformed in the Vietnam era as 1st Squadron, 1st U.S. Cavalry, and continues to this day in the Iraqi War as the oldest cavalry unit, as well as the most decorated unit, in the US Army. Today's modern 1-1 Cavalry is a scout/attack unit, equipped with M1A1 Abrams tanks and M3 Bradley CFVs.

Another modern United States Army unit informally known as the 2nd Dragoons is the 2nd Cavalry Regiment (Stryker). This unit was originally organized as the Second Dragoon Regiment in 1836 until it was renamed the Second Cavalry Regiment in 1860, morphing into the 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment in the 1960s. The regiment is currently equipped with the Stryker family of wheeled fighting vehicles.

Tradition

The cavalry, much like any other military force, has its own unique traditions and history. Most notably, units in the modern Army with cavalry lineage often adopt black Stetson's as unofficial headgear, recalling the wool felt campaign hats of the Frontier Era. Other traditions include the Order of the Spur with its attendant "Spur Ride" initiation, the Saber Arch, the poem Fiddler's Green, the song Garryowen, and the Order of the Yellow Garter. Officers in armor and aviation units with cavalry designations will also often wear cavalry branch insignia in place of the insignia of their original branch.

Popular culture

Solders with the Commanding General's Mounted Color Guard, Fort Riley, Kansas, prepare for a parade.

The cavalry is classically portrayed in the American Western movie as a force that comes to save the day, typically against hostile Indians. They are often accompanied by a bugle call, and the cry "Charge".[2] The bugle call and cry of, "Charge!" is often used at United States sporting events to encourage crowd participation and rally support for the home team.

Cavalry units

1st Cavalry Division's Horse Cavalry Detachment charge during a ceremony at Fort Bliss, Texas, 2005.

Historical units

Early Regiments (1775-1783)
National Guard
  • 21st Cavalry Division; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards.
    • 51st Cavalry Brigade; New York Army National Guard.
  • 22nd Cavalry Division; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
  • 23rd Cavalry Division; Alabama, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
  • 24th Cavalry Division; Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming Army National Guards.
Army Reserve
Regiments
Volunteers
Regular Army
Separate Brigades
Regular Army
  • 4th Cavalry Brigade (inactive?)[5] Note: There is no historical link between the 4th Cavalry Brigade and the 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division
  • 6th Cavalry Brigade (inactive)[6] Note: There is no historical link between the 6th Cavalry Brigade and the 6th Cavalry Regiment.
  • 21st Cavalry Brigade (Air Combat Training)[7]
National Guard
Squadrons
Regular Army
  • 1st Squadron, 40th Cavalry Regiment (Airborne) 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division[9]
National Guard
Army Reserve

Current units

File:SC120314.jpg
With colors flying and guidons down, the lead troops of the famous 9th Cavalry pass in review at the regiment's new home in rebuilt Camp Funston. Ft. Riley, Kansas May 28, 1941
Divisions
Regular Army
National Guard
  • 21st Cavalry Division; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania and Rhode Island Army National Guards.
  • 22nd Cavalry Division; Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, West Virginia and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
  • 23rd Cavalry Division; Alabama, Massachusetts, New Mexico, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Wisconsin Army National Guards.
  • 24th Cavalry Division; Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming Army National Guards.
Army Reserve
Separate Brigades
Regular Army
  • 21st Cavalry Brigade {Air Combat Training}[14]
National Guard
Regiments
Regular Army
Army Reserve

Notable United States Cavalrymen

See also

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

References

  1. ^ Shortly after, the besieged, combined United States-Philippine force was forced to slaughter their horses for food and the 26th Regiment continued to fight on foot until their surrender.
  2. ^ Bugle Calls
  • Daily, Edward L. We Remember: U.S. Cavalry Association. Paducah, KY: Turner Pub. Co, 1996. ISBN 156311318X

External links

Recommended reading

  • Brackett, Albert G. (1865 reprinted 1968). History of the United States Cavalry: From the Formation of the Federal Government to the 1st of June 1863, ... New York City: Greenwood. p. 337. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Connecticut Adjutant General's Office (1889). Record of service of Connecticut men in the I. War of the Revolution, II. War of 1812, III. Mexican War. Hartford, Connecticut: Case, Lockwood & Brainard. p. 959.
  • Heitman, Francis Bernard (1903 reprinted 1968). Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, From Its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Vol. I. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. p. 890. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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