Seredžius: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 55°5′N 23°25′E / 55.083°N 23.417°E / 55.083; 23.417
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| settlement_type = Town
| official_name = Seredžius
| image_skyline = Seredžius20101017.jpg
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Lithuania
| map_caption = Location of Seredžius
| coordinates = {{coord|55|5|N|23|25|E|region:LT|display=inline,title}}
| latd=55|latm=5|latNS=N|longd=23|longm=25|longEW=E|
|
| coordinates_display= inline,title
| image_shield = Seredzius COA.gif
| coordinates_region = LT
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{LTU}}
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| established_date =
| established_date2 =
| population_total = 749590
| population_as_of = 20012011
| timezone=[[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset=+2
Line 33 ⟶ 32:
}}
 
'''Seredžius''' ({{lang-yi|סרעדניק}} - Srednik) is a town in [[Lithuania]], situated on the right bank of the [[NemanNemunas River]] near its confluence with the [[Dubysa River]]. According to the 20012011 census, it had a population of 749590.<ref>{{cite nameweb|url=http://statistics.bookdesign.lt/table_125_07.htm?lang=en|title=2011 census|publisher=Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania)|accessdate=August 13, 2017}}</ref>
 
==NameNames==
The town had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to the [[World War II]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> The [[Yiddish]] name for the city was סרעדניק (''Srednik''), corresponding to the [[Polish language|Polish]] and''Średniki'', [[RussianGerman language|RussianGerman]] names ''ŚrednikiSchrödnick'', and [[Russian language|Russian]] Средники (''Sredniki'').<ref> In local [[Samogitian dialect]] the town is known as ''Seredius'', in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] - ''Seredžius''. Other recorded forms of the town's name include ''Srednike'', ''SeredžiaūsSeredzhyus'', ''SeredzhyusSeredzhus'', and ''SeredzhusSeredius''. andThe name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (''Serediussereda''), a word meaning "[[Wednesday]]" in many Slavic languages. SeeThis is probably because of the markets held there previouson referenceWednesday.</ref>
 
==History==
[[File:Seredžiaus piliakalnis, Palemono kalnas 02.jpg|thumb|left|View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill (hillfort) in the background]]
Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> The town also has a large [[hillfort]], identified by historian [[Zenonas Ivinskis]] as Pieštvė, which was attacked by the [[Teutonic Knights]] numerous times in late 13th and early 14th centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> According to the [[Palemonids]] legend, noble refugees from the [[Roman Empire]] settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name=palemonas/> AfterThe thetown [[Battlehas ofa Grunwaldlarge [[hillfort]], thewhere locationLithuanian lost[[Pieštvė]] itsfortress militarystood purpose and became a private property ofduring the [[SapiehaLithuanian familyCrusade]]. TheIt Sapiehaswas builtattacked aby residentialthe palace,[[Teutonic whichKnights]] didnumerous nottimes survive.in Thethe town'slate first13th Catholicand churchearly was built14th around 1608–1612centuries.<ref name=kviklys/> TheAfter churchthe was[[Battle destroyedof inGrunwald]], 1829the afterlocation alost landslideits causedmilitary apurpose byand largebecame flooding.private Theproperty residentsof built a wooden church, which was replaced by athe [[Neo-Renaissance]]Sapieha [[John the Baptistfamily]] church in 1913.
 
The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.<ref name=kviklys/> The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a [[Neo-Renaissance]] church dedicated to [[John the Baptist]] in 1913.
Seredžius was the birthplace of the American singer, comedian, and actor [[Al Jolson]], born into the town's Jewish community in 1886 as Asa Yoelson.<ref>David Spiller, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=NbE0ujztAR8C&pg=PA9&dq=Srednik+Lithuania&hl=en&ei=RV5oTNybCMWqngfjwaHBBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Srednik%20Lithuania&f=false "Great Singers of the Twentieth Century"''], Lulu.com, 2008</ref>
 
The town had a large [[Jews|Jewish]] population prior to [[World War II]]. In 1900 (when part of the [[Russian Empire]]) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.<ref name=jewishgen/> The town's Jews were killed [[Operation Barbarossa|on September 4, 1941]]. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.holocaustatlas.lt/EN/#a_atlas/search//page//item/135/|title=Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania|first=Created atEase|last=www.atease.lt|website=www.holocaustatlas.lt}}</ref>
{{clearleft}}
 
== Notable people ==
* Pranas Virakas (1871–1966), ethnographer, folklore collector.
* [[Jonas Virakas]] (1905 – 1988), architect.
* Stasys Santvaras (1902 – 1991), poet, playwright.
* [[Stasys Šimkus]] (1887 – 1943), composer.
* [[Jonas Čižauskas]], organist, choirmaster, singer, composer.
* [[Al Jolson]] (born Eizer "Asa" Yoelson), singer, comedian, and actor, dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer" at the peak of his career.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paminklo Alui Jolsonui atidaryme – įkvepiantys JAV ambasados atstovės žodžiai Seredžiui |url=https://www.mlaikas.lt/naujiena/kultura-ir-istorija/paminklo-alui-jolsonui-atidaryme-ikvepiantys-jav-ambasados-atstoves-zodziai-seredziui |website=mlaikas.lt |date=17 October 2016 |accessdate=19 April 2020 |language=lt}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist|refs=
<ref name=censuskviklys>{{lt icon}} {{cite book | title=TauragėsMūsų apskritiesLietuva kaimo|volume=II gyvenamosios|first=Bronius vietovės|last=Kviklys ir| jų gyventojai |urlyear=http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Taurages_apskritis.pdf1965 |publisher=DepartmentLietuvių of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuaniaenciklopedijos leidykla|year=2003 |location=VilniusBoston |pageoclc=333303503 |isbnpages=9986-589-95-9333–336|language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=kviklyspalemonas>{{lt icon}} {{cite bookencyclopedia |title encyclopedia=MūsųLietuvių Lietuvaenciklopedija |volume title=IIPalemonas |first=BroniusZenonas |last=KviklysIvinskis | yearlocation=1965Boston | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla | locationyear=Boston1953–1966 |oclcvolume=330350321 |pages=333–336400–401 | lccn=55020366 |language=lt}}</ref>
<ref name=jewishgen>[{{cite web|url=http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970|title=Technical JewishGenProblem Seredžius page]Form|website=data.jewishgen.org}}</ref>▼
<ref name=palemonas>{{lt icon}} {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Lietuvių enciklopedija | title=Palemonas |first=Zenonas |last=Ivinskis | location=Boston, Massachusetts | publisher=Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla |year=1953–1966 |volume=21 |pages=400–401 |id={{LCC|55020366}} }}</ref>
▲<ref name=jewishgen>[http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~shtetm~-2618970 JewishGen Seredžius page]</ref>
}}
 
==External links==
{{Commons category|Seredžius-inline}}
 
{{Taurage County}}
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Seredzius}}
[[Category:Towns in Lithuania]]
[[Category:Towns in Tauragė County]]
[[Category:Kovensky Uyezd]]
 
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Lithuania]]
[[et:Seredžius]]
[[lt:Seredžius]]
[[pl:Średniki]]
[[bat-smg:Seredius]]

Latest revision as of 01:51, 8 February 2023

Seredžius
Town
Coat of arms of Seredžius
Coat of arms
Seredžius is located in Lithuania
Seredžius
Seredžius
Location of Seredžius
Coordinates: 55°5′N 23°25′E / 55.083°N 23.417°E / 55.083; 23.417
Country Lithuania
Ethnographic regionSamogitia
CountyTauragė County
MunicipalityJurbarkas district municipality
EldershipSeredžius eldership
Capital ofSeredžius eldership
Population
 (2011)
 • Total590
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Seredžius is a town in Lithuania on the right bank of the Nemunas River near its confluence with the Dubysa River. According to the 2011 census, it had a population of 590.[1]

Names[edit]

The Yiddish name for the city was סרעדניק (Srednik), corresponding to the Polish Średniki, German Schrödnick, and Russian Средники (Sredniki). In local Samogitian dialect the town is known as Seredius, in Lithuanian - Seredžius. Other recorded forms of the town's name include Srednike, Seredzhyus, Seredzhus and Seredius. The name Seredžius is believed to be derived from середа (sereda), a word meaning "Wednesday" in many Slavic languages. This is probably because of the markets held there on Wednesday.

History[edit]

View of Seredžius with Palemon Hill (hillfort) in the background

Southeast of the town, archaeologists discovered graves from the 3rd–4th centuries.[2] According to the Palemonids legend, noble refugees from the Roman Empire settled on the hill, now named after Palemon, and established the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.[3] The town has a large hillfort where Lithuanian Pieštvė fortress stood during the Lithuanian Crusade. It was attacked by the Teutonic Knights numerous times in the late 13th and early 14th centuries.[2] After the Battle of Grunwald, the location lost its military purpose and became private property of the Sapieha family.

The Sapiehas built a residential palace, which did not survive. The town's first Catholic church was built around 1608–12.[2] The church was destroyed in 1829 after a landslide caused by extensive flooding. The residents built a wooden church, which was replaced by a Neo-Renaissance church dedicated to John the Baptist in 1913.

The town had a large Jewish population prior to World War II. In 1900 (when part of the Russian Empire) the town's Jewish population numbered 1,174.[4] The town's Jews were killed on September 4, 1941. On that day, 193 people were shot near the village of Skrebėnai: 6 men, 61 women and 126 children.[5]

Notable people[edit]

  • Pranas Virakas (1871–1966), ethnographer, folklore collector.
  • Jonas Virakas (1905 – 1988), architect.
  • Stasys Santvaras (1902 – 1991), poet, playwright.
  • Stasys Šimkus (1887 – 1943), composer.
  • Jonas Čižauskas, organist, choirmaster, singer, composer.
  • Al Jolson (born Eizer "Asa" Yoelson), singer, comedian, and actor, dubbed "The World's Greatest Entertainer" at the peak of his career.[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "2011 census". Statistikos Departamentas (Lithuania). Retrieved August 13, 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Kviklys, Bronius (1965). Mūsų Lietuva (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 333–336. OCLC 3303503.
  3. ^ Ivinskis, Zenonas (1953–1966). "Palemonas". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 21. Boston: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 400–401. LCCN 55020366.
  4. ^ "Technical Problem Form". data.jewishgen.org.
  5. ^ www.atease.lt, Created atEase. "Holocaust Atlas of Lithuania". www.holocaustatlas.lt.
  6. ^ "Paminklo Alui Jolsonui atidaryme – įkvepiantys JAV ambasados atstovės žodžiai Seredžiui". mlaikas.lt (in Lithuanian). 17 October 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

External links[edit]

Media related to Seredžius at Wikimedia Commons

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