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{{Short description|15th-century Persian scholar}}
[[File:Sharaf_al-Din_Ali_Yazdi._Timur_Besieges_the_Georgian_Castle_of_Gortin._Miniature_manuscripts_(15th_century).jpg|thumb|Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, ''[[Timur]] besieges the [[Gori Fortress|Georgian Castle of Gorin]]'']]
[[File:Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Yazdi (d.1454) with Muhammad Amuli for whom he wrote poems and riddles, Majalis al-'ushshaq, Shiraz, Iran, c.1560.jpg|thumb|Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Yazdi with Muhammad Amuli for whom he wrote poems and riddles. Folio from the ''Majalis al-'ushshaq'' of [[Kamal al-Din Gazurgahi]], created in [[Shiraz]], dated {{circa|1560}}]]
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'''Sharaf ad-Dīn''ʿ''Alī Yazdī''' ({{lang-fa|شرف الدین علی یزدی}}) (born Yazd, Iran—died 1454, Yazd) was a 15th-century [[Persian people|Persian]] historian. Little about his early life is known. As a young man, he was a teacher in his native [[Yazd]] and a close companion of the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ruler [[Shahrukh Mirza|Shahrukh]] (1405–47) and his son [[Ibrahim Sultan ibn Shahrukh|Ibrahim Sultan]]. In 1442/43 he became the close advisor of the governor of [[Iraq]], [[Mirza Sultan Muhammad]], who lived in the city of [[Qom]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Sharaf ad-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī (Persian historian) |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharaf-ad-Din-Ali-Yazdi |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref>


'''Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi''' or '''Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi''' ({{lang-fa|شرف الدین علی یزدی}}; died 1454, [[Yazd]]), also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century [[Persians|Persian]]<ref>{{EI2|last=Bosworth|first=C.E.|author-link=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|title=S̲h̲araf al-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī|url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/sharaf-al-din-ali-yazdi-SIM_6833?s.num=4&s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopaedia-of-islam-2&s.q=timurid|volume=9}}</ref> scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, enigma, literature such as poetry, and history. The ''[[Zafarnama (Yazdi biography)|Zafarnama]]'', a life of [[Timur]], is his most famous work.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Monfared|first=Mahdi Farhani|date=2008|title=Sharaf al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī: Historian and Mathematician|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=41|issue=4|pages=537–547|issn=0021-0862|jstor=25597488|doi=10.1080/00210860802246226|s2cid=144120516 }}</ref>
Under the patronage of Ibrahim Sultan, he wrote the ''[[Zafarnama (Yazdi biography)|Zafarnama]]'', a biography of Timur.

Sharif al-Din was born in the city of [[Yazd|Yazd, Iran]] in the 1370s. He devoted much of his life to scholarship, furthering his education in Syria and Egypt until Timur's death in 1405.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Sharaf Al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī (ca. 770s–858/ca. 1370s–1454): Prophecy, Politics, and Historiography in Late Medieval Islamic History|last=Binbas|first=Ilker Evrim|publisher=The University of Chicago|year=2009|pages=1, 19}}</ref>

⚫
As a young man, he was a teacher in his native city of Yazd and a close companion of the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] ruler [[Shahrukh Mirza|Shahrukh]] (1405–47) and his son [[Ibrahim Sultan ibn Shahrukh|Ibrahim Sultan]]. In 1442/43 he became the close advisor of the governor of [[Iraq]], [[Mirza Sultan Muhammad]], who lived in the city of [[Qom]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Sharaf ad-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī (Persian historian) |url=http://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharaf-ad-Din-Ali-Yazdi |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}}</ref>

Sharif al-Din rebelled against [[Shah Rukh|Shahrukh Timur]] in 1446/47 when the government was vulnerable, but was later sent to different cities for his acumen. The later years of his life were spent in [[Taft, Iran|Taft]], where he died in 1454.<ref name=":1" />

Sharif al-Din was directed to write a biography of Timur in 1421 known as the ''Zafarnama'', which he completed four years later in 1425. Timur's grandson [[Ibrahim Mirza bin Ala-ud-Daulah|Sultan Abu al-Fath Ibrahim Mirza]] was Sharif al-Din's patron during the completion of his grandfather's biography.<ref name=":1" />


==Translated works==
==Translated works==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=W0JrON1y42IC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The History of Timur-Bec: Known by the Name of Tamerlain the Great, Emperor of the Moguls and Tartars: Being an Historical Journal of His Conquests in Asia and Europe, Volume 2 (1723)]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=W0JrON1y42IC The History of Timur-Bec: Known by the Name of Tamerlain the Great, Emperor of the Moguls and Tartars: Being an Historical Journal of His Conquests in Asia and Europe, Volume 2 (1723)]


==References==
==References==
Line 11: Line 19:


==External links==
==External links==
*{{cite web |author=Mahdi Farhani Monfared |date=2008 |title=Sharaf al-Dīn ‘Alī Yazdī: Historian and Mathematician |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00210860802246226}}
*{{cite journal |last=Monfared|first=Mahdi Farhani |date=2008 |title=Sharaf al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī: Historian and Mathematician |journal=Iranian Studies |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=537–547 |doi=10.1080/00210860802246226 |s2cid=144120516 }}
*{{cite web |author=Ilker Evrim Binbas |date=2012 |title=The Histories of Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Yazdi: A Formal Analysis |url=http://www.academia.edu/2256806/The_Histories_of_Sharaf_al-Din_Ali_Yazdi_A_Formal_Analysis}}
*{{cite journal |last=Binbaş|first=İlker Evrim |date=2012 |title=The Histories of Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Yazdi: A Formal Analysis |journal=Acta Orientalia |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=391–417 |doi=10.1556/AOrient.65.2012.4.1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2256806}}
* {{citation|last=Binbaş|first=İlker Evrim|title=Intellectual Networks in Timurid Iran: Sharaf al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī and the Islamicate Republic of Letters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LsHgCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA212|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-05424-0}}

{{Historians of Islam}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharaf Ad-Din Ali Yazdi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharaf Ad-Din Ali Yazdi}}
[[Category:Iranian historians]]
[[Category:People from Yazd]]
[[Category:Timurid dynasty]]
[[Category:1454 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Iranian biographers]]
[[Category:Biographers]]
[[Category:Male biographers]]
[[Category:15th-century historians]]
[[Category:15th-century Iranian historians]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:15th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:Historians from the Timurid Empire]]


{{Iran-historian-stub}}
{{Iran-historian-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:28, 16 March 2023

Sharaf al-Din 'Ali Yazdi with Muhammad Amuli for whom he wrote poems and riddles. Folio from the Majalis al-'ushshaq of Kamal al-Din Gazurgahi, created in Shiraz, dated c. 1560

Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi or Sharif al-Din Ali’ Yazdi (Persian: شرف الدین علی یزدی; died 1454, Yazd), also known by his pen name Sharaf, was a 15th-century Persian[1] scholar who authored several works in the arts and sciences, including mathematics, astronomy, enigma, literature such as poetry, and history. The Zafarnama, a life of Timur, is his most famous work.[2]

Sharif al-Din was born in the city of Yazd, Iran in the 1370s. He devoted much of his life to scholarship, furthering his education in Syria and Egypt until Timur's death in 1405.[3]

As a young man, he was a teacher in his native city of Yazd and a close companion of the Timurid ruler Shahrukh (1405–47) and his son Ibrahim Sultan. In 1442/43 he became the close advisor of the governor of Iraq, Mirza Sultan Muhammad, who lived in the city of Qom.[4]

Sharif al-Din rebelled against Shahrukh Timur in 1446/47 when the government was vulnerable, but was later sent to different cities for his acumen. The later years of his life were spent in Taft, where he died in 1454.[2]

Sharif al-Din was directed to write a biography of Timur in 1421 known as the Zafarnama, which he completed four years later in 1425. Timur's grandson Sultan Abu al-Fath Ibrahim Mirza was Sharif al-Din's patron during the completion of his grandfather's biography.[2]

Translated works[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Bosworth, C.E. (1997). "S̲h̲araf al-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Lecomte, G. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10422-8.
  2. ^ a b c Monfared, Mahdi Farhani (2008). "Sharaf al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī: Historian and Mathematician". Iranian Studies. 41 (4): 537–547. doi:10.1080/00210860802246226. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR 25597488. S2CID 144120516.
  3. ^ Binbas, Ilker Evrim (2009). Sharaf Al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī (ca. 770s–858/ca. 1370s–1454): Prophecy, Politics, and Historiography in Late Medieval Islamic History. The University of Chicago. pp. 1, 19.
  4. ^ "Sharaf ad-Dīn ʿAlī Yazdī (Persian historian)". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.

External links[edit]


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