al-Wāqidī

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al-Wāqidī ( Arabic محمد بن عمر بن واقد الواقدي Mohammed ibn ʿUmar ibn Wāqid al-Wāqidī , DMG Muḥammad b.ʿUmar b. Wāqid al-Wāqidī ; * 747 in Medina ; † 823 in Baghdad ) was an Arab historian.

His field of activity was initially in Medina . From 796 he lived in Baghdad, where he also worked as a judge . He was close to the court of the caliphs under Hārūn ar-Raschīd , whom he accompanied on the pilgrimage, and under al-Ma'mūn . In his works he dealt with the early Islamic history from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the time of the Islamic conquests, using mainly sources of his predecessors of Medinan origin. In the field of hadith and fiqh he enjoyed neither his contemporaries nor the following generations.

Works

  • Al-Wāqidī's most famous work is this كتاب المغازي / Kitāb al-Maġāzī  / 'Book on the campaigns of the Prophet', which is exclusively dedicated to the campaigns of the Prophet Mohammed. The German orientalist Alfred von Kremer published part of the work in Calcutta as early as 1856 , of which Julius Wellhausen made a German translation in 1882. The three-volume edition by Marsden Jones is considered to be decisive today. Reports that have not been received in the work mentioned were recorded by his student Muhammad ibn Saʿd in his class book ( kitāb al-tabaqāt al-kabīr  /كتاب الطبقات الكبير / kitāb aṭ ṭabaqāti ʾl-kabīr  / 'The great class register') based on al-Wāqidī.
  • His Kitāb as-Saqīfa wa-baiʿat Abī Bakr كتاب السقيفة وبيعة أبي بكر / 'The report on the colonnade and the oath of allegiance to Abū Bakr', which Ibn an-Nadīm still knew, has also not survived; but it is used by later authorities in Islamic historiography .
  • Be كتاب الفتوح / Kitābu al-Futūḥ  / 'The Book of the Futūh ' has only survived in relatively late copies; some parts, the authenticity of which is disputed, are treated as pseudo-Waqidi in research.
  • The كتاب الردة / 'The book about the Ridda Wars' has only survived in quotes and paraphrases by later historians. The book deals with the apostasy of the Arab tribes from Islam after the death of Muhammad under the first caliph Abū Bakr .
  • Al-Wāqidī, like Muhammad ibn Saidd , is said to have drawn up a class register that was devoted to the biography of the companions of the Prophets ( Sahāba ) and their successors, as well as the scholars of the cities of Kufa and Basra . However, this work has been lost.

literature

  • AA Duri: The rise of historical writing among the Arabs. Princeton 1983, pp. 37-40.
  • Marsden Jones: The Chronology of the Maghāzī. In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and Asian Studies (BSOAS). 19: 245-280 (1957).
  • Franz Rosenthal : A history of Muslim historiography. Brill, Leiden 1968, pp. 186-193.
  • Michael Lecker: The death of the Prophet Muḥammad's father: did Wāqidī invent some of the evidence? In: Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländisachen Gesellschaft (ZDMG). Volume 145, 1995, pp. 9-27.
  • Fuat Sezgin : History of Arabic Literature. Volume 1, Brill, Leiden 1967, OCLC 162335833 , pp. 294-297.
  • Julius Wellhausen (Ed.): Mohammed in Medina. This is Vakidi's Kitab al-Maghazi in a shortened German version. Reimer, Berlin 1882.
  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition . Brill, Leiden, Volume 11, p. 101.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Kitāb al-Maghāzī of al-Wāqidī. Oxford University Press, London 1966. Reprinted by ʿĀlam al-kitāb. 3. Edition. Beirut 1984. Digitized
  2. ↑ Miklós Murányi : A new report on the election of the first caliph Abū Bakr. In. Arabica 25: 258-259 (1978).
personal data
SURNAME al-Wāqidī
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mohammed ibn Umar ibn Waqid al-Waqidi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab historian
DATE OF BIRTH 747
PLACE OF BIRTH Medina
DATE OF DEATH 823
Place of death Baghdad