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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Taxobox
| image = Berries and leaves of Prunus Cerasus tomentosa.jpg
| image = Berries and leaves of Prunus Cerasus tomentosa.jpg
| image_caption = Leaves and fruit (drupes)
| image_caption = Leaves and fruit (drupes)
| status =
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| status_system =
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| status_ref =
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
⚫
| genus = Prunus
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| display_parents = 2
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
| parent = Prunus subg. Prunus
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
⚫
| species = tomentosa
⚫
| genus = ''[[Prunus]]''
| subgenus = ''[[Prunus subgenus Cerasus|Cerasus]]''
| authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]]
⚫
| synonyms =
⚫
| species = '''''P. tomentosa'''''
⚫
| binomial = ''Prunus tomentosa''
| binomial_authority = [[Carl Peter Thunberg|Thunb.]]
⚫
|synonyms =
{{Collapsible list |{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
{{Collapsible list |{{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; |
*''Armeniaca tomentosa'' <small>hort.</small>
*''Armeniaca tomentosa'' <small>hort.</small>
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*''Microcerasus tomentosa'' <small>(Thunb.) Eremin & Juschev</small>
*''Microcerasus tomentosa'' <small>(Thunb.) Eremin & Juschev</small>
*''Prunus trichocarpa'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''Prunus trichocarpa'' <small>Bunge</small>
*''Prunus batalinii'' <small>(C.K. Schneid.) Koehne</small>
*''Prunus cinerascens'' <small>Franch.</small>
}}
}}
}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-3246 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |accessdate=January 27, 2014}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/rjp-3246 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |access-date=January 27, 2014}}</ref>
|}}
}}
⚫
[[File:Prunus tomentosa0.jpg|thumb|Flowers]]
⚫
The '''Nanking cherry''' ('''''Prunus tomentosa''''') is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'' native to northern and western [[China]] (including [[Tibet]]), [[Korea]], [[Mongolia]], and possibly northern [[India]] ([[Jammu]] and [[Kashmir]], though probably only cultivated there).<ref name=bean3>Bean, W. J. (1980). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 3. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2427-X.</ref><ref name=grinpt>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30138 ''Prunus tomentosa'']</ref><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010689 ''Cerasus tomentosa'']</ref> Other common names for ''P. tomentosa'' include '''Korean cherry, Manchu cherry, downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, mountain cherry,<ref>Note: Mountain cherry is also a common name for ''[[Prunus prostrata]]''.</ref> Chinese bush cherry, Chinese dwarf cherry''', or '''Hansen's bush cherry'''.


⚫
'''''Prunus tomentosa''''' is a species of ''[[Prunus]]'' native to northern and western [[China]] (including [[Tibet]]), [[Korea]], [[Mongolia]], and possibly northern [[India]] ([[Jammu]] and [[Kashmir]], though probably only cultivated there).<ref name=bean3>Bean, W. J. (1980). ''Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles'' 8th ed., vol. 3. John Murray {{ISBN|0-7195-2427-X}}.</ref><ref name=grinpt>{{GRIN | accessdate = December 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name=foc>Flora of China: [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200010689 ''Cerasus tomentosa'']</ref> Common names for ''Prunus tomentosa'' include '''Nanjing cherry''', '''Korean cherry''', '''Manchu cherry''', '''downy cherry''', '''Shanghai cherry''', '''Ando cherry''', '''mountain cherry''',<ref>Note: Mountain cherry is also a common name for ''[[Prunus prostrata]]''.</ref> '''Chinese bush cherry''', and '''Chinese dwarf cherry'''.
== Description ==
⚫
It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]], irregular in shape, 0.3–3 m (rarely 4 m) high and possibly somewhat wider. The bark is [[glabrous]] and copper-tinted black. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, 2–7&nbsp;cm long and 1–3.5&nbsp;cm broad, oval to [[leaf shape|obovate]], acuminate with irregularly [[leaf shape|serrate]] margins, [[wikt:rugose|rugose]], dark green, [[Pubescent (botany)|pubescent]] above and [[tomentose]] below, with [[gland]]ular [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s. The [[flower]]s are white or pink in a scarlet [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]], opening with or before the leaves in spring. They are reliably profuse, arranged in clusters on scarlet [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]]s and are 1.5–2.0&nbsp;cm in diameter. The [[fruit]] is a sweet but slightly tart [[cherry]], 5–12&nbsp;mm (rarely to 25&nbsp;mm) in diameter, scarlet, ripening in early summer. It prefers full sun and grows naturally in a variety of soils. It is drought-resistant, and cold-resistant to [[hardiness zone]] 2.<ref name=foc/><ref name=arn>{{cite journal |author=Howard, R. A., & Baranov, A. I. |title=The Chinese Bush Cherry – ''Prunus tomentosa'' |journal=Arnoldia |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=81–6 |year=1964 |url=http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1606.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=rhs>{{cite book |author=Griffiths, Mark D.; Huxley, Anthony Julian |title=The New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |publisher=Macmillan Press |location=London |year=1992 |isbn=0-333-47494-5 }}</ref>


===Uses===
==Description==
⚫
It is a [[deciduous]] [[shrub]], irregular in shape, 0.3–3 m (rarely 4 m) high and possibly somewhat wider. The bark is [[glabrousness (botany)|glabrous]] and copper-tinted black. The [[leaf|leaves]] are alternate, 2–7&nbsp;cm long and 1–3.5&nbsp;cm broad, oval to [[leaf shape|obovate]], acuminate with irregularly [[leaf shape|serrate]] margins, [[wikt:rugose|rugose]], dark green, [[Pubescent (botany)|pubescent]] above and [[tomentose]] below, with [[gland]]ular [[petiole (botany)|petiole]]s. The [[flower]]s are white or pink in a scarlet [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]], opening with or before the leaves in spring. They are reliably profuse, arranged in clusters on scarlet [[Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]]s and are 1.5–2.0&nbsp;cm in diameter. The [[fruit]] is a sweet but slightly tart [[drupe]] 5–12&nbsp;mm (rarely to 25&nbsp;mm) in diameter, scarlet, ripening in early summer, with a large seed. Though often called a "cherry" and superficially resembling them, Nanking cherry is closer related to plums than true cherries.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sawatsky|first1=Rick|title=Plums on the Prairies|url=http://www.fruit.usask.ca/articles/plums.pdf|publisher=University of Saskatchewan Fruit Program|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> It prefers full sun and grows naturally in a variety of soils. It is drought-resistant, and cold-resistant to [[hardiness zone]] 2.<ref name=foc/><ref name=arn>{{cite journal |author=Howard, R. A. |author2=Baranov, A. I. |name-list-style=amp |title=The Chinese Bush Cherry – ''Prunus tomentosa'' |journal=Arnoldia |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=81–6 |year=1964 |url=http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1606.pdf }}</ref><ref name=rhs>{{cite book |author1=Griffiths, Mark D. |author2=Huxley, Anthony Julian |author-link2 = Anthony Huxley|title=The New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening |publisher=Macmillan Press |location=London |year=1992 |isbn=0-333-47494-5 }}</ref>

<gallery>
⚫
File:Prunus tomentosa0.jpg|Flowers
File:Leaves of Prunus tomentosa in June.jpg|Leaves
File:Aengdu.jpg|Fruits
File:Prunus tomentosa pollen.jpg|Pollen
</gallery>

==Uses==
The plant has long been widely cultivated throughout eastern [[Asia]] for its flowers and fruit.<ref name=foc/> It was introduced to the [[British Isles]] in 1870,<ref name=bean3/> and the [[United States]] by the [[Arnold Arboretum]] in 1892.<ref>{{cite book | first=Michael | last=Dirr | title=Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses| publisher=Stipes Publishing Company | location=Champaign, Illinois | year=1983 | pages=561–2 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name=taaffe>{{cite book | first=G. | last=Taaffe | title=Garden Plants of Japan | publisher=Timber Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-88192-650-7 | page=191 }}</ref><ref name=hanelt>{{cite book | first=P. H. | last=Hanelt | title=Mansfield's Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops | publisher=Springer | year=2001 |isbn=3-540-41017-1 | page=511}}</ref>
The plant has long been widely cultivated throughout eastern [[Asia]] for its flowers and fruit.<ref name=foc/> It was introduced to the [[British Isles]] in 1870,<ref name=bean3/> and the [[United States]] by the [[Arnold Arboretum]] in 1892.<ref>{{cite book | first=Michael | last=Dirr | title=Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses| publisher=Stipes Publishing Company | location=Champaign, Illinois | year=1983 | pages=561–2 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name=taaffe>{{cite book | first=G. | last=Taaffe | title=Garden Plants of Japan | publisher=Timber Press | year=2004 | isbn=0-88192-650-7 | page=191 }}</ref><ref name=hanelt>{{cite book | first=P. H. | last=Hanelt | title=Mansfield's Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops | publisher=Springer | year=2001 |isbn=3-540-41017-1 | page=511}}</ref>


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Several [[cultivar]]s are grown; examples include 'Graebneriana' (Germany), 'Insularis' (Japan and Korea), 'Leucocarpa' (Manchuria; white fruit), and 'Spaethiana' (Europe).<ref name=arn/>
Several [[cultivar]]s are grown; examples include 'Graebneriana' (Germany), 'Insularis' (Japan and Korea), 'Leucocarpa' (Manchuria; white fruit), and 'Spaethiana' (Europe).<ref name=arn/>
[[File:Prunus tomentosa4.jpg|thumb|left|211 px|<center>''Prunus tomentosa''</center>]]
[[File:Prunus tomentosa4.jpg|thumb|left|211 px|{{center|''Prunus tomentosa''}}]]


==Problems==
⚫
===Classification===
''Prunus tomentosa'' can suffer from [[Borer (disambiguation)#Insects|borer insect]]s,<ref name="NCSU-Extension" /> and under stress can have [[Monilinia fructicola|brown rot]].<ref name="NCSU-Extension" /> It is not a good cherry choice for places around the world where tolerance for heat and humidity is needed such as the [[southern United States]].<ref name="NCSU-Extension" />


⚫
==Classification==
[[Carl Peter Thunberg]] described the species from cultivated material collected in Japan between August 1775 and November 1776 while based on [[Dejima]] Island in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] Bay. He published it twice, first in [[Johann Andreas Murray|Murray]]'s ''Systema Vegetabilium'', ed. 14 (p.&nbsp;464) in May–June 1784,<ref name=grinpt/><ref>{{cite book | first=J. A. | last=Murray | title=Caroli a Linné Equitis Systema Vegetabilium Secundum Clases Ordines Genera Species cum Characteribus et Differentiis: Editio Decima Quarta: Praecedente Longe Auctior et Correctior | publisher=Jo. Christ. Dieterich | location=Göttingen | year=1784 }} Downloadable at Google Books.</ref> and again in Thunberg's ''Flora Japonica'' (p.&nbsp;203) in August 1784. He described the species as "fol. ovatis subtus tomentosis", leaving no doubt that the plant was named from the tomentum, or wooly hairs, on the underside of the leaves. Murray gives credit to Thunberg.<ref>The [[ICBN]] requires "Thunb. in Murray" when full bibiographic citation is given, but just "Thunb." when it is not.</ref>
[[Carl Peter Thunberg]] described the species from cultivated material collected in Japan between August 1775 and November 1776 while based on [[Dejima]] Island in [[Nagasaki, Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] Bay. He published it twice, first in [[Johann Andreas Murray|Murray]]'s ''Systema Vegetabilium'', ed. 14 (p.&nbsp;464) in May–June 1784,<ref name=grinpt/><ref>{{cite book | first=J. A. | last=Murray | title=Caroli a Linné Equitis Systema Vegetabilium Secundum Clases Ordines Genera Species cum Characteribus et Differentiis: Editio Decima Quarta: Praecedente Longe Auctior et Correctior | publisher=Jo. Christ. Dieterich | location=Göttingen | year=1784 }} Downloadable at Google Books.</ref> and again in Thunberg's ''Flora Japonica'' (p.&nbsp;203) in August 1784. He described the species as "{{lang|la|fol. ovatis subtus tomentosis}}", leaving no doubt that the plant was named from the {{lang|la|[[:wikt:tomentum|tomentum]]}} (literally 'stuffing'<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=https://logeion.uchicago.edu/tomentum |dictionary=[[Lewis & Short]]'s Latin Dictionary |title=tōmentum}}</ref>), or wooly hairs, on the underside of the leaves. Murray gives credit to Thunberg.<ref>The [[ICBN]] requires "Thunb. in Murray" when full bibliographic citation is given, but just "Thunb." when it is not.</ref>

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Wikispecies|Prunus tomentosa}}
⚫
{{Commons|Prunus tomentosa}}
{{reflist}}


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Montmorency cherry]]
*[[Montmorency cherry]]

⚫
==References==
⚫
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Prunus tomentosa}}
⚫
*{{Commons-inline|Prunus tomentosa}}
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="NCSU-Extension">
{{cite web
⚫
| title=Prunus tomentosa
| website=[[North Carolina State University]] Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
| url=http://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/prunus-tomentosa/
| access-date=2020-12-09
}}
</ref>
}}

==External links==
* {{PFAF|Prunus tomentosa}}


{{Cherries}}
{{Cherries}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q627393}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Prunus tomentosa}}
[[Category:Prunus|tomentosa]]
[[Category:Cherries]]
[[Category:Cherries]]
[[Category:Flora of Northeast Asia]]
[[Category:Flora of Northeast Asia]]

Latest revision as of 16:45, 8 October 2023

Prunus tomentosa
Leaves and fruit (drupes)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Prunus
Subgenus: Prunus subg. Prunus
Species:
P. tomentosa
Binomial name
Prunus tomentosa
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Armeniaca tomentosa hort.
    • Cerasus tomentosa (Thunb.) Wall.
    • Microcerasus tomentosa (Thunb.) Eremin & Juschev
    • Prunus trichocarpa Bunge
    • Prunus batalinii (C.K. Schneid.) Koehne
    • Prunus cinerascens Franch.

Prunus tomentosa is a species of Prunus native to northern and western China (including Tibet), Korea, Mongolia, and possibly northern India (Jammu and Kashmir, though probably only cultivated there).[2][3][4] Common names for Prunus tomentosa include Nanjing cherry, Korean cherry, Manchu cherry, downy cherry, Shanghai cherry, Ando cherry, mountain cherry,[5] Chinese bush cherry, and Chinese dwarf cherry.

Description[edit]

It is a deciduous shrub, irregular in shape, 0.3–3 m (rarely 4 m) high and possibly somewhat wider. The bark is glabrous and copper-tinted black. The leaves are alternate, 2–7 cm long and 1–3.5 cm broad, oval to obovate, acuminate with irregularly serrate margins, rugose, dark green, pubescent above and tomentose below, with glandular petioles. The flowers are white or pink in a scarlet calyx, opening with or before the leaves in spring. They are reliably profuse, arranged in clusters on scarlet pedicels and are 1.5–2.0 cm in diameter. The fruit is a sweet but slightly tart drupe 5–12 mm (rarely to 25 mm) in diameter, scarlet, ripening in early summer, with a large seed. Though often called a "cherry" and superficially resembling them, Nanking cherry is closer related to plums than true cherries.[6] It prefers full sun and grows naturally in a variety of soils. It is drought-resistant, and cold-resistant to hardiness zone 2.[4][7][8]

  • Flowers
    Flowers
  • Leaves
    Leaves
  • Fruits
    Fruits
  • Pollen
    Pollen

Uses[edit]

The plant has long been widely cultivated throughout eastern Asia for its flowers and fruit.[4] It was introduced to the British Isles in 1870,[2] and the United States by the Arnold Arboretum in 1892.[9][10][11]

It is cultivated for a number of purposes. The fruit is edible, being an ingredient of juice, jam, and wine, and in pickled vegetables and mushrooms.[11] It is also grown as an ornamental plant, prized for its flowers and fruit, and pruned for bonsai, twin-trunk or clump shapes, or left upright.[10] It is used for dwarfing rootstock for other cherries. In Manchuria and the Midwest United States, the shrub is planted in hedgerows to provide a windbreak. Under cultivation, it flourishes in well-drained, slightly acidic soil.

Several cultivars are grown; examples include 'Graebneriana' (Germany), 'Insularis' (Japan and Korea), 'Leucocarpa' (Manchuria; white fruit), and 'Spaethiana' (Europe).[7]

Prunus tomentosa

Problems[edit]

Prunus tomentosa can suffer from borer insects,[12] and under stress can have brown rot.[12] It is not a good cherry choice for places around the world where tolerance for heat and humidity is needed such as the southern United States.[12]

Classification[edit]

Carl Peter Thunberg described the species from cultivated material collected in Japan between August 1775 and November 1776 while based on Dejima Island in Nagasaki Bay. He published it twice, first in Murray's Systema Vegetabilium, ed. 14 (p. 464) in May–June 1784,[3][13] and again in Thunberg's Flora Japonica (p. 203) in August 1784. He described the species as "fol. ovatis subtus tomentosis", leaving no doubt that the plant was named from the tomentum (literally 'stuffing'[14]), or wooly hairs, on the underside of the leaves. Murray gives credit to Thunberg.[15]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Bean, W. J. (1980). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 3. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2427-X.
  3. ^ a b "Prunus tomentosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Flora of China: Cerasus tomentosa
  5. ^ Note: Mountain cherry is also a common name for Prunus prostrata.
  6. ^ Sawatsky, Rick. "Plums on the Prairies" (PDF). University of Saskatchewan Fruit Program. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  7. ^ a b Howard, R. A. & Baranov, A. I. (1964). "The Chinese Bush Cherry – Prunus tomentosa" (PDF). Arnoldia. 24 (9): 81–6.
  8. ^ Griffiths, Mark D.; Huxley, Anthony Julian (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  9. ^ Dirr, Michael (1983). Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses (3rd ed.). Champaign, Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company. pp. 561–2.
  10. ^ a b Taaffe, G. (2004). Garden Plants of Japan. Timber Press. p. 191. ISBN 0-88192-650-7.
  11. ^ a b Hanelt, P. H. (2001). Mansfield's Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops. Springer. p. 511. ISBN 3-540-41017-1.
  12. ^ a b c "Prunus tomentosa". North Carolina State University Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  13. ^ Murray, J. A. (1784). Caroli a Linné Equitis Systema Vegetabilium Secundum Clases Ordines Genera Species cum Characteribus et Differentiis: Editio Decima Quarta: Praecedente Longe Auctior et Correctior. Göttingen: Jo. Christ. Dieterich. Downloadable at Google Books.
  14. ^ "tōmentum". Lewis & Short's Latin Dictionary.
  15. ^ The ICBN requires "Thunb. in Murray" when full bibliographic citation is given, but just "Thunb." when it is not.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prunus_tomentosa&oldid=1179209751"