Sikorsky S-19: Difference between revisions

S-19
Role	Experimental prototype
National origin	Russian Empire
First flight	1916
Number built	1

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The Sikorsky S-19 was a Russian twin engine experimental prototype biplane aircraft built late in 1916 by the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works while Igor Sikorsky was chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division.

Design and development[edit]

The S-19 was a two bay biplane powered by two 150 horsepower (112 kilowatts) Sunbeam Crusader water-cooled V-8 engines installed in a push-pull configuration. Arranged as a twin-boom aircraft, it had a large rudder located in the center of the empenage. Two crew members occupied cockpits in the forward-most section of the booms in front of the lower wing and served as pilot and machine gunner.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Flight testing revealed sluggish performance and the aircraft was scrapped after a minor crash.^[4]

References[edit]

^ "The Russian Years". www.sikorskyarchives.com. Sikorsky Archives. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
^ "Igor Sikorsky". aerofiles.com. Aerofiles. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
^ "Sikorsky S-19". all-aero.com. All-aero. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
^ "S-19 'Dvukhvostka'". ram-home.com. Russian Aviation Museum. 8 September 1997. Retrieved 19 March 2017.

This Russian military article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[sik-1] "The Russian Years". www.sikorskyarchives.com. Sikorsky Archives. 7 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2017.

[aero-2] "Igor Sikorsky". aerofiles.com. Aerofiles. Retrieved 19 March 2017.

[allaero-3] "Sikorsky S-19". all-aero.com. All-aero. Retrieved 19 March 2017.

[ram-4] "S-19 'Dvukhvostka'". ram-home.com. Russian Aviation Museum. 8 September 1997. Retrieved 19 March 2017.

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+{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
-{{Userspace notes}}
+ | name= S-19
-* '''Stevie Ray Vaughan crash'''
+ | image=Sikorsky S-19 aircraft 1916.jpg  | manufacturer=[[Russo-Balt|Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works]]
-http://www.thisdayinaviation.com/27-august-199o/
+ | designer=
+ | caption=
+}}{{Infobox aircraft type
+ | type=Experimental prototype
+ | national origin=Russian Empire
+ | first flight=1916
+ | introduced=
+ | retired=
-http://www.aviationtoday.com/rw/training/ratings/No-Hands_1458.html#.VhMWwPGFPcc
+ | status=
+ | primary user=
+ | more users= <!--Limited to three in total; separate using <br /> -->
+ | produced= <!--years in production-->
+ | number built=1
+ | unit cost= <!--Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft-->
+ | developed from=
+ | variants with their own articles=
+}}
-At 1 a.m., the helicopters began departing in dense fog at two-minute intervals.
+|}
-The third aircraft to depart, a BH206B-3 model serial number 2338 with [[aircraft registration|Aircraft registration number]] N16933
-----------------------------------
+The '''Sikorsky S-19''' was a Russian twin engine experimental prototype biplane aircraft built late in 1916 by the [[Russo-Balt|Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works]] while [[Igor Sikorsky]] was chief engineer of the aircraft manufacturing division.
-==Design and construction==
-In 1956, Campbell began planning a car to break the land speed record, which then stood at 394&nbsp;mph (630&nbsp;km/h) set by [[John Cobb (racing driver)|John Cobb ]] in the [[Railton Special|Railton Mobil Special]]. The Norris brothers, who had designed Campbell's highly successful [[Bluebird K7]] hydroplane designed Bluebird-Proteus CN7 with {{convert|500|mph|-1|abbr=on}} in mind.
-The CN7 (Campbell–Norris 7) was constructed by Motor Panels Ltd in [[Coventry]], supervised by [[James Milner Phillips]] with Ken Norris as chief designer and was completed by the spring of 1960.<ref name=moto/>
+==Design and development==
-Bluebird CN7 was the first land speed record vehicle to be powered by a [[gas turbine]] engine.<ref name=uniq>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/world_land_speed_record_35|title=1964: Proteus Bluebird CN7 driven by Donald Campbell|author=|date=|website=www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au|publisher=unique Cars and Parts|access-date=29 December 2016}}</ref>
-The [[Bristol-Siddeley Proteus]] was the [[Bristol Aeroplane Company]]'s first successful gas turbine engine design, and delivered {{convert|4450|shp|abbr=on}} plus aproxametly 1000 lb of exhaust thrust. The Proteus was a two spool, reverse flow [[turboshaft]]. Because the turbine stages of the inner spool drove no compressor stages, but only a power shaft, this engine is sometimes classified as a [[free-turbine turboshaft|free turbine]]. The engine, a Proteus 705, was specially modified by Bristol's [[Stanley Hooker]] to have a power shaft at each end of the engine. These shafts were connected directly to [[final drive]] assemblies with differentials and fixed ratios of 3.6 to 1 providing power to all four wheels via half-shafts.<ref name=moto>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/july-2002/88/four-year-mile|title=The four-year mile|author=staff writer|date=July 2002|website=motorsportmagazine.com|publisher= Motor Sport Magazine|access-date=24 December 2016}}</ref>
+The S-19 was a two bay [[biplane]] powered by two {{convert|150|hp|kW|0|abbr=off}} [[Sunbeam Crusader]] water-cooled V-8 engines installed in a [[push-pull configuration]]. Arranged as a [[twin-boom aircraft]], it had a large rudder located in the center of the [[empenage]]. Two crew members occupied cockpits in the forward-most section of the booms in front of the lower wing and served as pilot and machine gunner.<ref name=sik>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikorskyarchives.com/B%20Russian%20Years.php|title=The Russian Years|date=7 May 2013|website=www.sikorskyarchives.com|publisher=Sikorsky Archives |access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=aero>{{cite web|url=http://aerofiles.com/bio_s.html|title=Igor Sikorsky|website=aerofiles.com|publisher=Aerofiles|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=allaero>{{cite web|url=http://all-aero.com/index.php/component/content/article/125-planes-r-s/9469-sikorsky-s-19|title=Sikorsky S-19|website=all-aero.com|publisher=All-aero|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>
-The car weighed 4 tons and was built with an advanced aluminum [[honeycomb sandwich]] of immense strength, with fully independent ball-jointed [[double wishbone suspension]] suspension. The wheels are split-rim disc
-Brakes consisted of [[Lucas Industries#Girling|Girling]] disc brakes, [[Inboard brake|inboard]] mounted (to reduce [[unsprung mass]]) at all four wheels, hydraulically controlled with a back up pneumatic system operated from compressed air reservoirs. The brake discs measured 16 3/8 inches in diameter and were capable of operating up to a maximum temperature of 2,200 °F. Additional braking was provided by hydraulically powered [[Air brake (aeronautics)|air brakes]] that extended out from the rear of the vehicle. The turbine also provided approximately 500 hp of engine braking when the throttle was closed at 400 mph, but this diminished as speed decreased.<ref name=speeda>{{cite web|url=http://www.speedace.info/donald_campbell.htm|title=Campbell-Norris-Proteus Bluebird CN7 1960|author=|date=2014|website=speedace.info|publisher= Electrick Publications|access-date=5 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=uniq/>
+[[Flight test]]ing revealed sluggish performance and the aircraft was scrapped after a minor crash.<ref name=ram>{{cite web|url=http://ram-home.com/ram-old/s-19.html|title=S-19 'Dvukhvostka'|date=8 September 1997|website=ram-home.com|publisher=Russian Aviation Museum|access-date=19 March 2017}}</ref>
-http://www.speedace.info/donald_campbell.htm
+==See also==
-*Maximum Power, 5,000bhp at 11,000-11,800 power turbine rpm and 11,800 compressor rpm, plus 1,000lb approx. exhaust thrust at standstill diminishing with speed.
-*final drive ratio 3.6 to 1
-*independent by ball-jointed transverse wishbones
-*Girling disc brakes, inboard mounted.
-*Wheels: Dunlop split-rim disc  wheels
-*Tyres: Dunlop 7.8in section 52in external diameter
+[[Gotha WD.3]]
+==References==
-http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/world_land_speed_record_35
+{{reflist}}
-*the first car designed for a world land speed record attempt to use a gas turbine engine.
-delivering maximum power at 11,000 rpm.
-*at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah, in 1960, the Bluebird accelerated from a standstill to nearly 400 mph over one-and-a-half miles in 24 seconds using less than 80 per cent of full power.
-*The engine turbine provided no engine braking on the over-run at low speeds, but at 400 mph approximately 500 hp was available for braking when the throttle was closed.
-*Power-air flaps opened out from the rear of the vehicle, and power operated Girling disc brakes were fitted to all four wheels; remarkably for the time these discs were able to run at a maximum temperature of 2,200 degrees F.
+{{Sikorsky Aircraft}}
+[[Category:Sikorsky aircraft|S-19]]
+[[Category:Military aircraft of World War I]]
+[[Category:Russian inventions]]
+[[Category:Biplanes]]
+[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1916]]
+[[Category:1910s Russian military aircraft]]
-http://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/july-2002/88/four-year-mile
-*Although the initial target was 450mph, CN7 was designed, with a change of gearing, to achieve 500mph.
-*CN7's gas turbine with a driveshaft at both ends required no complex transmission arrangement and no gearchange -just a fixed-ratio final drive at either axle line to gear-down the shaft speed and redirect the torque to the wheels.
-*Ken Norris, chief designer of CN7.
-*The design of the car would be much more elegant if drive were available at both ends of the engine, necessitating only a final drive and halfshafts for each axle. So they went cap in hand to Bristol's Sir Stanley Hooker.
-*Bluebird had a much larger frontal area (26sq ft) and a drag coefficient of 0.16, giving it a CdA of 4.16sq ft.
-*specified as operating at 'greater than 100psi', but in truth ran substantially higher. During the Goodwood shakedown in July 1961, Dunlop technicians were spotted setting the pressures to 130psi. For the record attempts, Ken Norris recalls, 160psi was used.
-*a telemetry system to monitor key operating parameters (which proved to be an abject failure in the difficult radio reception conditions presented by the salt flats).
+{{Russia-mil-stub}}
-[[File:Bluebird CN7 Cutaway.jpg]]
-<ref name=nyt>{{cite web |url=http://www.nytimes.html|title=Bill G|author=Bruce Lambert|date=27 November 1991|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|access-date=16 June 2015}}</ref>

v t e Sikorsky aircraft
Fixed-wing aircraft (company designations)	S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 S-11 S-12 S-13 S-14 S-15 S-16 S-17 S-18 S-19 S-20 S-21 S-22/23/24/25/26/27 S-28 S-29-A S-30 S-31 S-32 S-33 S-34 S-35 S-36 S-37 S-38 S-39 S-40 S-41 S-42 S-43 VS-44 S-45
Fixed-wing aircraft (military designations)	C-6 C-28 JRS JR2S PS P2S RS XBLR-3 XPBS XSS XV-2
Helicopters (company designations)	VS-300 (S-46) S-47 S-48 S-49 S-50 S-51 S-52 S-53 S-54 S-55 S-56 S-57 S-58 S-59 S-60 S-61 S-61L/N S-61R S-62 S-63 S-64 S-65 S-66 S-67 S-68 S-69 S-70 S-71 S-72 S-73 S-74 S-75 S-76 S-80 S-92 S-95 S-97 S-100 S-102 S-103 S-300 S-333 S-434
Helicopters (military designations)	SH-3 Sea King HH-3E/F R-4 H-5 H-6 H-18 H-19 Chickasaw H-34 Choctaw CH-37 Mojave XH-39 HH-52A Seaguard CH-53 Sea Stallion CH-53E Super Stallion CH-53K King Stallion MH-53 CH-54 Tarhe UH-60 Black Hawk HH-60G Pave Hawk HH-60J/MH-60T MH-60R/S Seahawk SH-60B/F Seahawk H-60J/K VH-60 RAH-66 Comanche VH-92 Patriot CH-124 Sea King CH-148 Cyclone HLH
Experimental aircraft	Cypher/Cypher II Firefly Raider Raider X SB-1 X2 XBLR-3 XV-2

Latest revision as of 18:50, 4 January 2024

Design and development[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]