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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Taxobox
{{speciesbox
⚫
| name =Artemisia pallens
| image =
|genus = Artemisia
⚫
|species = pallens
| image_caption =
|authority = [[Wall.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asterales]]
| familia = [[Asteraceae]]
| genus = [[Artemisia (plant)|Artemisia]]
| species = A. pallens
| binomial = Artemisia pallens
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
}}
}}


Artemisia pallens, Dhavanam ({{lang-ta|தவனம்}}) is an aromatic herb, In genus of small herbs or shrubs, [[xerophytic]] In nature. The flowers are [[racemose]] panicles bear numerous small yellow flower heads or [[capitula]], but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a Grey or white appearance.
'''''Artemisia pallens''''', dhavanam from the [[Sanskrit]] name दमनक (damanaka),({{lang-ta|மரிக்கொழுந்து, தவணம்}}, {{lang-mr|दवणा}}, {{lang-kan|ದವನ}}), is an aromatic herb, In genus of small herbs or shrubs, [[xerophytic]] In nature. The flowers are [[racemose]] [[panicle]]s, bear numerous small yellow flower heads or [[Head (botany)|capitula]], but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a grey or white appearance.


Davanam has alternate [[pinnasect]] leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or [[palmatisect]] leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base).
Dhavanam has alternate [[pinnasect]] leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or [[palmatisect]] leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base).


== Cultivation ==
==Cultivation==
⚫
It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. Seen mostly grown in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Tamil Nadu]] states in India.{{cn|date=June 2023}}


⚫
''Artemisia pallens'' is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species.
⚫
It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types one In which the plants are short In stature and flowering sets In early, and the other In which plants are tall and flowery sets In late. It is grown from seed and cuttings and reaches maturity In four months. The plant is woody In the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. Seen mostly grown In [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Maharashtra]] states In India.


== Chemistry ==
==Chemistry==
[[File:Davana-Dried.jpg|thumb|Dried davana plant used as aromatic bouquet.]]
⚫
[[Davanone]], [[davan ether]], [[davana furan]] and [[linalool]] are the major constituents of davana oil. [[Methyl cinnamate]], [[ethyl cinnamate]], [[bicyclogermacrene]], [[2-hydroxyisodavanone]], [[farnesol]], [[geranyl acetate]], [[sesquiterpene lactone]]s, and [[germacranolide]]s are also found.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=11449517|year=2000|last1=Pujar|first1=PP|last2=Sawaikar|first2=DD|last3=Rojatkar|first3=SR|last4=Nagasampagi|first4=BA|title=A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens|volume=71|issue=5|pages=590–2|journal=Fitoterapia|doi=10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4}}</ref> The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamate, (''E'')−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−methyl cinnamates, (''Z'')− and (''E'')−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |title=Artemisia pallens - Davana |accessdate=2009-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202053649/http://gardenpoints.org/artpal.html |archivedate=2009-02-02 }}</ref>


==Uses==
⚫
Davanone, Davan-Ether, Davana Furane and linalool are the major constituents of davana oil. Methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, farnesol, geranyl acetate, sequiterpene lactones, germacranolides, etc. are also found.<ref> http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11449517</ref> The contents of davanone, the major constituent of davana oil, and linalool decreased while those of (Z)− and (E)− methyl cinnamate, (E)− ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, viz., (Z)− and (E)− methyl cinnamates, (Z)− and (E)− ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time In davana oil.<ref> http://www.gardenpoints.org/artpal.html</ref>
⚫
[[Image:DavanaEssOil.png|thumb|200px|right|Davana essential oil]]
The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield [[essential oil]] and some are used as [[fodder]], some of them are a source of the [[anthelmintic]] chemical [[santonin]]. Davana blossoms are offered to [[Shiva]], the God of Transformation, by the faithful, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Oral administration of high doses aqueous/[[methanol]]ic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce blood glucose levels in glucose−fed [[hyperglycemic]] and [[alloxan]]-treated rabbits and rats.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 8778502 | year = 1996 | last1 = Subramoniam | first1 = A | last2 = Pushpangadan | first2 = P | last3 = Rajasekharan | first3 = S | last4 = Evans | first4 = DA | last5 = Latha | first5 = PG | last6 = Valsaraj | first6 = R | title = Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats | volume = 50 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–7 | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | doi=10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jiménez-Estrada |first1=Manuel |last2=Huerta-Reyes |first2=Maira |last3=Tavera-Hernández |first3=Rosario |last4=Alvarado-Sansininea |first4=J. Javier |last5=Alvarez |first5=Ana Berenice |date=2021-05-13 |title=Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob & Brettell |journal=Molecules |volume=26 |issue=10 |pages=2892 |doi=10.3390/molecules26102892 |issn=1420-3049 |pmc=8153299 |pmid=34068304|doi-access=free }}</ref>
⚫
===Uses of Davana oil===
⚫
*Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances.
⚫
*Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements.


== Uses ==
==Hinduism==
⚫
[[Image:DavanaEssOil.png|thumb|200px|right|Davana Essential Oil]]
The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known As oil of [[Davana]]. Several species yield [[essential oil]] and some are use As [[fodder]] some of them are a source of the valuable [[anthelmintic]] drug [[santonin]]. Davana blossoms are offered to [[Shiva]], the God of Transformation, by the faithful, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Have been widely used In Iraqi and Indian medicine for the treatment of [[diabetes mellitus]]. Oral administration of an aqueous/methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce diabetes In glucose− fed [[hyperglycemic]] and [[alloxan]]-induced rabbits and rats.<ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329−6</ref>


Dauna leaves are found abundantly on the Wadi Ratnagiri Mountain, in the city of [[Kolhapur]]. The mountain is home to Shri [[Jyotiba Temple|Jotiba]]. The plan is exclusively used as an offering to this diety at this temple.
⚫
=== Davana oil and its uses ===


⚫
==References==
* Davana oil is emotionally balancing and calming, aids In calming down anxiety.
⚫
* Davana oil is used In making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances.
* When applied on the skin, Davana is said to smell differently on different persons.
* This peculiar property is highly valued In high class perfumery to create fragrances with truly individual notes.
⚫
* Davana leaves and stalks are used In making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements.
* Davana is massaged over lower abdominal area to stimulate moon cycle.
* Davana oil is soothing to rough, dry, chapped skin, skin infections and cuts.
* Davana has been widely used In Indian and Iraqi folk medicine As a treatment for diabetes mellitus.
* Oral administration led to significant blood glucose lowering effect.
⚫
* Artemisia pallens is a prefered food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species.

== Popular culture ==

* It has even inspired film lyricists (Madurai marikozhundu vaasam is one of the more popular numbers) to come up with romantic numbers.<ref>http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/06/11/stories/2005061100020200.htm</ref>

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== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3764734}}


[[Category: Artemisia]]
[[Category:Artemisia (genus)|pallens]]
[[Category: Herbs]]
[[Category:Herbs]]
[[Category: Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants of Asia]]
[[Category: Perfume ingredients]]
[[Category:Perfume ingredients]]
[[Category: Essential oils ]]
[[Category:Essential oils]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1838]]

Revision as of 10:12, 9 April 2024

Artemisia pallens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Artemisia
Species:
A. pallens
Binomial name
Artemisia pallens

Artemisia pallens, dhavanam from the Sanskrit name दमनक (damanaka),(Tamil: மரிக்கொழுந்து, தவணம், Marathi: दवणा, Kannada: ದವನ), is an aromatic herb, In genus of small herbs or shrubs, xerophytic In nature. The flowers are racemose panicles, bear numerous small yellow flower heads or capitula, but the silvery white silky covering of down gives the foliage a grey or white appearance.

Dhavanam has alternate pinnasect leaves (leaf which is divided into opposite pairs of lobes cut almost to the midrib In narrow divisions) or palmatisect leaves (the green tissue is divided into several segments not fully separated At the base).

Cultivation

It is commercially cultivated for its fragrant leaves and flowers. It has two distinct morphological types, one in which the plants are short in stature and flowering sets in early, and the other in which plants are tall and flowering sets in later. It grows from seeds and cuttings and reaches maturity in four months. The plant is woody in the lower part of the stem, but with yearly branches. Seen mostly grown in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu states in India.[citation needed]

Artemisia pallens is a preferred food for the larvae of a number of butterfly species.

Chemistry

Dried davana plant used as aromatic bouquet.

Davanone, davan ether, davana furan and linalool are the major constituents of davana oil. Methyl cinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, farnesol, geranyl acetate, sesquiterpene lactones, and germacranolides are also found.[1] The amount of davanone and linalool decreased while those of (Z)− and (E)−methyl cinnamate, (E)−ethyl cinnamate, bicyclogermacrene, davana ether, 2-hydroxyisodavanone, and farnesol increased from flower heads emergence stage to the initiation of seed set stage. Five compounds, (Z)− and (E)−methyl cinnamates, (Z)− and (E)−ethyl cinnamates, and geranyl acetate, were identified for the first time in davana oil.[2]

Uses

Davana essential oil

The leaves and flowers yield an essential oil known as oil of Davana. Several species yield essential oil and some are used as fodder, some of them are a source of the anthelmintic chemical santonin. Davana blossoms are offered to Shiva, the God of Transformation, by the faithful, and decorate his altar throughout the day. Oral administration of high doses aqueous/methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plants was observed to reduce blood glucose levels in glucose−fed hyperglycemic and alloxan-treated rabbits and rats.[3][4]

Uses of Davana oil

  • Davana oil is used in making perfumes of sweet and fruity fragrances.
  • Davana leaves and stalks are used in making bouquets, garlands, fresh or dry flower arrangements.

Hinduism

Dauna leaves are found abundantly on the Wadi Ratnagiri Mountain, in the city of Kolhapur. The mountain is home to Shri Jotiba. The plan is exclusively used as an offering to this diety at this temple.

References

  1. ^ Pujar, PP; Sawaikar, DD; Rojatkar, SR; Nagasampagi, BA (2000). "A new germacranolide from Artemisia pallens". Fitoterapia. 71 (5): 590–2. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00168-4. PMID 11449517.
  2. ^ "Artemisia pallens - Davana". Archived from the original on 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
  3. ^ Subramoniam, A; Pushpangadan, P; Rajasekharan, S; Evans, DA; Latha, PG; Valsaraj, R (1996). "Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. On blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 50 (1): 13–7. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(95)01329-6. PMID 8778502.
  4. ^ Jiménez-Estrada, Manuel; Huerta-Reyes, Maira; Tavera-Hernández, Rosario; Alvarado-Sansininea, J. Javier; Alvarez, Ana Berenice (2021-05-13). "Contributions from Mexican Flora for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Molecules of Psacalium decompositum (A. Gray) H. Rob & Brettell". Molecules. 26 (10): 2892. doi:10.3390/molecules26102892. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 8153299. PMID 34068304.
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