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{{Short description|Royal Air Force Air Marshal (1892–1975)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
|name= John Eustice Arthur Baldwin
|name= Sir John Eustice Arthur Baldwin
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|image= Wg Cdr Jack Baldwin - cropped.jpg
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|birth_date=13 April 1892
|image_size= 200px
|death_date= 28 July 1975 (aged 83)
|alt=
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|birth_place= [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], [[England]]
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|caption= Wing Commander Baldwin as Commandant of the Central Flying School c.1929
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|birth_date= {{birth date|df=y|1892|4|13}}
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=y|1975|7|28|1892|4|13}}
⚫
|birth_place= [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], England
|death_place= [[Rutland]], England
|death_place= [[Rutland]], England
|placeofburial=
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|image= [[Image:Wg Cdr Jack Baldwin - cropped.jpg|200px]]
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|nickname=
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|caption= Wg Cdr Baldwin as Commandant of the Central Flying School
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|allegiance= United Kingdom
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|nickname= Jack
|branch= [[British Army]] (1910–18, 1944–58)<br/>[[Royal Air Force]] (1918–44)
⚫
|allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}}
|serviceyears= c. 1910 – 15 August 1939<br>29 August 1939 - 15 December 1944
|serviceyears= c. 1910–44,1948–58
|rank= [[Air Marshal]]
|rank= [[Air Marshal]]
|servicenumber=
|branch= {{air force|United Kingdom}}
⚫
|unit=
|commands= [[No. 55 Squadron RAF|No. 55 Squadron]]<br>No. 41 Wing<br>[[Central Flying School]]<br>[[No. 1 Group RAF|No. 1 Group]]<br>[[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]]<br>[[No. 21 Group RAF|No. 21 Group]]<br>[[No. 3 Group RAF|No. 3 Group]]<br>[[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]<br>[[RAF Third Tactical Air Force]]
|commands=[[8th King's Royal Irish Hussars]] (1948–58)<br/>[[RAF Third Tactical Air Force|Third Tactical Air Force]] (1943–44)<br/>[[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] (1942)<br/>[[No. 3 Group RAF|No.&nbsp;3 Group]] (1939–42)<br/>[[No. 21 Group RAF|No.&nbsp;21 Group]] (1938–39)<br/>[[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]] (1936–38)<br/>[[No. 1 Group RAF|No.&nbsp;1 Group]] (1934–35)<br/>[[Central Flying School]] (1928–31)<br/>[[No. 41 Wing RAF|41st Wing RFC]] (1917–18)<br/>[[No. 55 Squadron RAF|No.&nbsp;55 Squadron]] (1916–17)
⚫
|unit=
|battles= [[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
|battles= [[First World War]]<br/>[[Second World War]]
|awards= [[Order of the British Empire|Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br>[[Order of the Bath|Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br>[[Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom)|Distinguished Service Order]]<br>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4)
|awards= [[Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]<br/>[[Companion of the Order of the Bath]]<br/>[[Distinguished Service Order]]<br/>[[Mentioned in Despatches]] (4)<br/>[[Order of the Crown (Belgium)|Officer of the Order of the Crown]] (Belgium)<br/>[[Croix de guerre (Belgium)|Croix de guerre]] (Belgium)<br/>[[Order of the White Lion]] (Czechoslovakia)<br/>[[Czechoslovak War Cross 1939–1945|War Cross]] (Czechoslovakia)<br/>[[Air Medal]] (United States)
|relations=
|laterwork=
|laterwork=
}}
}}
⚫
[[Air Marshal]] '''Sir John Eustice Arthur Baldwin''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KBE|CB|DSO|DL}} (13 April 1892 – 28 July 1975) was a senior officer in the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[Second World War]].

⚫
[[Air Marshal]] '''Sir John Eustice Arthur Baldwin''', [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]], [[Order of the Bath|CB]], [[Distinguished Service Order (United Kingdom)|DSO]], [[Deputy Lieutenant|DL]], [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] (13 April 1892 – 28 July 1975) was a senior officer in the [[Royal Air Force]] during the [[World War II|Second World War]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Educated at [[Rugby School]] and the [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]], Baldwin was commissioned into the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars in 1911 and served as a cavalry Officer in [[World War I]].<ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last=Falconer|first=Jonathon|title=The Bomber Command Handbook 1939-1945|year=1998 |publisher= Sutton Publishing Limited|location= Stroud |isbn=0750918195}}</ref>
Educated at [[Rugby School]] and the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]], Baldwin was commissioned into the [[8th King's Royal Irish Hussars|8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars]] in 1911 and served as a cavalry Officer in the [[First World War]].<ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last=Falconer|first=Jonathon|title=The Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945|year=1998 |publisher= Sutton Publishing Limited|location= Stroud |isbn=0-7509-1819-5}}</ref>


==RAF Service==
==Military service==
Baldwin was awarded the [[Royal Aero Club]]'s [[List of pilots awarded an Aviator's Certificate by the Royal Aero Club in 1914|Aviator's Certificate no. 971]] on 17 November 1914 and became a pilot in the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name=air>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Baldwin.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Air Marshal Sir John Baldwin]</ref> He was appointed Officer Commanding [[No. 55 Squadron RAF|No. 55 Squadron]] in October 1916 and Officer Commanding No. 41 Wing in December 1917 before transferring to the Royal Air Force on its formation in 1918.<ref name=air/> He was appointed Commandant of the [[Central Flying School]] in 1928 and served as [[Aide-de-Camp]] to [[King George V]] from 1931 to 1932.<ref name=air/> He went on to be Air Officer Commanding [[No. 1 Group RAF|No. 1 Group]] in 1934, Director of Personal Services in 1935 and Commandant of the [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]] in 1936 before taking up the post of Air Officer Commanding [[No. 21 Group RAF|No. 21 Group]] in 1938.<ref name=air/> He retired in August 1939.<ref name=air/>
Baldwin was awarded the [[Royal Aero Club]]'s [[List of pilots awarded an Aviator's Certificate by the Royal Aero Club in 1914|Aviator's Certificate no. 971]] on 17 November 1914 and became a pilot in the [[Royal Flying Corps]].<ref name=air>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Baldwin.htm Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Marshal Sir John Baldwin]</ref> He was appointed Officer Commanding [[No. 55 Squadron RAF|No. 55 Squadron]] in October 1916 and Officer Commanding No. 41 Wing in December 1917 before transferring to the Royal Air Force on its formation in 1918.<ref name=air/> He was appointed Commandant of the [[Central Flying School]] in 1928 and served as [[Aide-de-Camp]] to [[King George V]] from 1931 to 1932.<ref name=air/> He went on to be Air Officer Commanding [[No. 1 Group RAF|No. 1 Group]] in 1934, Director of Personal Services in 1935 and Commandant of the [[Royal Air Force College Cranwell|RAF College Cranwell]] in 1936 before taking up the post of Air Officer Commanding [[No. 21 Group RAF|No. 21 Group]] in 1938.<ref name=air/> He retired in August 1939.<ref name=air/>


He was recalled to service for [[World War II]] just two weeks later as Air Office Commanding [[No. 3 Group RAF|3 Group]] at [[RAF Bomber Command]].<ref name=air/> Between 9 January and 21 February 1942, he was Acting Commander In Chief, [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] after the removal of [[Richard Peirse]]. During this brief tenure the "[[Channel Dash]]" occurred, when the [[German battleship Scharnhorst|''Scharnhorst'']] and [[German battleship Gneisenau|''Gneisenau'']] escaped from the [[France|French]] port of [[Brest, France|Brest]] and fled up the [[English Channel]] to the sanctuary of [[Kiel]] harbour in northern [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/command.html RAF History - Bomber Command 60th Anniversary]</ref> In October 1942 he became Air Office Commanding-in-Chief, [[India]].<ref name=air/> This appointment was followed from November 1943 by his posting as Air Officer Commanding [[RAF Third Tactical Air Force|Third Tactical Air Force]] which supported the ground battle in South East Asia.<ref name=air/> He reverted to the Retired List again on 15 December 1944.<ref name=air/>
Just two weeks later, Baldwin was recalled to serve in the [[Second World War]] as Air Office Commanding [[No. 3 Group RAF|No.&nbsp;3 Group]] at [[RAF Bomber Command]].<ref name=air/> Between 9 January and 21 February 1942, he was acting Commander in Chief of [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]], after the removal of [[Richard Peirse]]. During this brief tenure the "[[Channel Dash]]" occurred, when the [[German battleship Scharnhorst|''Scharnhorst'']] and [[German battleship Gneisenau|''Gneisenau'']] escaped from the [[France|French]] port of [[Brest, France|Brest]] and fled up the [[English Channel]] to the sanctuary of [[Kiel]] harbour in northern [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/command.html RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514040127/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/command.html |date=14 May 2011 }}</ref> In October 1942 he became Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, [[India]].<ref name=air/> This appointment was followed from November 1943 by his posting as Air Officer Commanding [[RAF Third Tactical Air Force|Third Tactical Air Force]] which supported the ground battle in South East Asia.<ref name=air/> On 5 February 1943, Baldwin attended the departure of Major General Orde Wingate, the Chindits and the 1st Air Commando Group departed for Operation THURSDAY in Burma.<ref>Royle, Trevor, "Orde Wingate: A Man of Genius 1903–1944," Frontline Books, October 2010, {{ISBN|978-1848325722}}</ref> He reverted to the Retired List again on 15 December 1944.<ref name=air/> Jack was Colonel of the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars from 1948<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=38112|supp=3|page=5131|date=31 October 1947}}</ref> until 1958, when the unit amalgamated to form the [[Queen's Royal Irish Hussars]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=41530|supp=y|page=6479|date=24 October 1958}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Notes and references==
In 1916 Jack Baldwin married Kathleen Betsy Terry of the York confectionery family ([[Terry's]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1916/1916%20-%200181.PDF|title=Personals: Marriages and to be Married|page=181|publisher=[[Flight International|Flight]]|date=2 March 1916|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref> they lived in the village of [[Ketton]], [[Rutland]] from the 1930s to the 1950s and had two children, John and Pamela. John Noel Anthony Baldwin became a Captain in the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars and was killed in action in 1942 in Libya. Baldwin was the [[High Sheriff of Rutland]] for 1955–56.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leicestershirewarmemorials.co.uk/war/casualty/view/29436|title=Captain John Noel Anthony Baldwin, 71084 |publisher=Leicestershire War Memorials Project |year=2014 |access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kettonvillagehistory.co.uk/gentry.html |title=Gentry families in Ketton: Baldwin Family|website=kettonvillagehistory.co.uk|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Burnett (RAF officer)|Charles Burnett]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commandant of the [[Central Flying School]]|years=1928–1931}}
⚫
{{s-aft|after=[[Paul Maltby]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Burnett (RAF officer)|C S Burnett]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Cave-Browne-Cave]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commandant of the [[Central Flying School]]|years=1928&ndash;1932}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commandant [[RAF College Cranwell|RAF College]]| years=1936–1938}}
⚫
{{s-aft|after=[[Paul Maltby|P C Maltby]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Cave-Browne-Cave|H M Cave-Browne-Cave]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[RAF College Cranwell|RAF College]] Commandant| years=1936 &ndash; 1938}}
{{s-aft|after=unknown}}
{{s-aft|after=unknown}}
|-
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Peirse|Sir Richard Peirse]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Richard Peirse|Sir Richard Peirse]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]] (Acting)| years=1942}}
{{s-ttl|title=Commander-in-Chief [[RAF Bomber Command|Bomber Command]]<br/>(Acting)| years=1942}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet|Sir Arthur Harris]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Arthur Harris|Sir Arthur Harris]]}}
|-
|-
{{s-new|reason=Post established}}
{{s-new|reason=Post established}}
{{s-ttl|title=Air Officer Commanding [[RAF Third Tactical Air Force|Tactical Air Force (Burma)]]<br><small>Post retitled [[Air Officer Commanding|AOC]] Third Tactical Air Force on 28 December 1943</small>| years=1943&ndash;1944}}
{{s-ttl|title=Air Officer Commanding [[RAF Third Tactical Air Force|Tactical Air Force (Burma)]]<br><small>Post retitled [[Air Officer Commanding|AOC]] Third Tactical Air Force on 28 December 1943</small>| years=1943–1944}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alec Coryton|W A Coryton]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Alec Coryton]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Baldwin, Jack
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 13 April 1892
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Halifax, West Yorkshire|Halifax]], [[England]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 28 July 1975
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Rutland]], England
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baldwin, Jack}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baldwin, Jack}}
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:1975 deaths]]
[[Category:Aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:British aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force World War II air marshals]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Foreign recipients of the Air Medal]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross]]

[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Lion]]
[[ca:Jack Baldwin (oficial de la RAF)]]
[[Category:Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II]]
[[Category:High Sheriffs of Rutland]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Halifax, West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Commandants of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell]]
[[Category:8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]

Latest revision as of 04:25, 12 April 2024

Sir John Eustice Arthur Baldwin
Wing Commander Baldwin as Commandant of the Central Flying School c.1929
Born(1892-04-13)13 April 1892
Halifax, England
Died28 July 1975(1975-07-28) (aged 83)
Rutland, England
AllegianceUnited Kingdom
Service/branchBritish Army (1910–18, 1944–58)
Royal Air Force (1918–44)
Years of servicec. 1910–44,1948–58
RankAir Marshal
Commands held8th King's Royal Irish Hussars (1948–58)
Third Tactical Air Force (1943–44)
Bomber Command (1942)
No. 3 Group (1939–42)
No. 21 Group (1938–39)
RAF College Cranwell (1936–38)
No. 1 Group (1934–35)
Central Flying School (1928–31)
41st Wing RFC (1917–18)
No. 55 Squadron (1916–17)
Battles/warsFirst World War
Second World War
AwardsKnight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Companion of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Order
Mentioned in Despatches (4)
Officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Order of the White Lion (Czechoslovakia)
War Cross (Czechoslovakia)
Air Medal (United States)

Air Marshal Sir John Eustice Arthur Baldwin, KBE, CB, DSO, DL (13 April 1892 – 28 July 1975) was a senior officer in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.

Early life[edit]

Educated at Rugby School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Baldwin was commissioned into the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars in 1911 and served as a cavalry Officer in the First World War.[1]

Military service[edit]

Baldwin was awarded the Royal Aero Club's Aviator's Certificate no. 971 on 17 November 1914 and became a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps.[2] He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 55 Squadron in October 1916 and Officer Commanding No. 41 Wing in December 1917 before transferring to the Royal Air Force on its formation in 1918.[2] He was appointed Commandant of the Central Flying School in 1928 and served as Aide-de-Camp to King George V from 1931 to 1932.[2] He went on to be Air Officer Commanding No. 1 Group in 1934, Director of Personal Services in 1935 and Commandant of the RAF College Cranwell in 1936 before taking up the post of Air Officer Commanding No. 21 Group in 1938.[2] He retired in August 1939.[2]

Just two weeks later, Baldwin was recalled to serve in the Second World War as Air Office Commanding No. 3 Group at RAF Bomber Command.[2] Between 9 January and 21 February 1942, he was acting Commander in Chief of Bomber Command, after the removal of Richard Peirse. During this brief tenure the "Channel Dash" occurred, when the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau escaped from the French port of Brest and fled up the English Channel to the sanctuary of Kiel harbour in northern Germany.[3] In October 1942 he became Deputy Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief, India.[2] This appointment was followed from November 1943 by his posting as Air Officer Commanding Third Tactical Air Force which supported the ground battle in South East Asia.[2] On 5 February 1943, Baldwin attended the departure of Major General Orde Wingate, the Chindits and the 1st Air Commando Group departed for Operation THURSDAY in Burma.[4] He reverted to the Retired List again on 15 December 1944.[2] Jack was Colonel of the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars from 1948[5] until 1958, when the unit amalgamated to form the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars.[6]

Personal life[edit]

In 1916 Jack Baldwin married Kathleen Betsy Terry of the York confectionery family (Terry's),[7] they lived in the village of Ketton, Rutland from the 1930s to the 1950s and had two children, John and Pamela. John Noel Anthony Baldwin became a Captain in the 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars and was killed in action in 1942 in Libya. Baldwin was the High Sheriff of Rutland for 1955–56.[8][9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Falconer, Jonathon (1998). The Bomber Command Handbook 1939–1945. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-1819-5.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – Air Marshal Sir John Baldwin
  3. ^ RAF History – Bomber Command 60th Anniversary Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Royle, Trevor, "Orde Wingate: A Man of Genius 1903–1944," Frontline Books, October 2010, ISBN 978-1848325722
  5. ^ "No. 38112". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 31 October 1947. p. 5131.
  6. ^ "No. 41530". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 October 1958. p. 6479.
  7. ^ "Personals: Marriages and to be Married" (PDF). Flight. 2 March 1916. p. 181. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  8. ^ "Captain John Noel Anthony Baldwin, 71084". Leicestershire War Memorials Project. 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  9. ^ "Gentry families in Ketton: Baldwin Family". kettonvillagehistory.co.uk. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
Military offices
Preceded by Commandant of the Central Flying School
1928–1931 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commandant RAF College
1936–1938 		Succeeded by
unknown
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief Bomber Command
(Acting)
1942 		Succeeded by
New title
Post established
 Air Officer Commanding Tactical Air Force (Burma)
Post retitled AOC Third Tactical Air Force on 28 December 1943
1943–1944 		Succeeded by
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