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*Huon of Bordeaux*, printed in Troyes by the Widow Oudot (Anne Hussard) c. 1720

Bibliothèque bleue ("blue library" in French) is a type of ephemera and popular literature published in Early Modern France (between c. 1602 and c. 1830), comparable to the English chapbook and the German Volksbuch. As was the case in England and Germany, the literary format appealed to all levels of French society, transcending social, sex, and age barriers.

The term Bibliothèque bleue originates in a publishing scheme introduced 1602 in Troyes by the brothers Jean and Nicolas Oudot, in association with the family of Claude Garnier, who had been printer to the king.^[1] Oudot produced prints in low quality and small format. Sold with a blue paper cover, these brochure-like products came to be known as livres bleus, or "blue books".^[2]

The content matter was at first limited to local ephemera, but it was soon popularized and imitated in other cities such as Rouen, Angers, Caen, Limoges, Avignon, Dinan, Épinal, sold in urban bookshops and taken into the countryside by itinerant colporteurs (peddlers). This wide distribution represented the historical origin of "popular mass media" in France.^[3] Later in the 17th century, the Bibliothèque bleue in Troyes became a family business run by the sons of Jean Oudot, Jean II and Jacques I, later Nicolas II and Nicolas III. The Oudot business soon encountered competition, notably by the Garnier family.^[4]

In 1665, Nicolas III married the daughter of a Paris bookseller and established himself in the capital, and began to publish in great quantities, on subject matters including theatre, storybook (especially prose retellings of medieval verse novels such as Fierabras, Robert le Diable, and Jean de Paris), satire (roman picaresque), religious literature, almanacs, manuals on etiquette, cookbooks, songbooks and astrology. After the death of Nicholas II, his widow continued the Troyes business, and became known throughout the kingdom as the veuve Oudot (widow Oudot), by the 18th century attaining a near-monopoly in the genre.^[4]

Oudot went out of business in 1760, due to new legislation limiting the right to reprint works. Garnier persisted into the Republican era, but went bankrupt 1830, as their business model had become outdated and could no longer compete with modern forms of printing publishing led by Louis Hachette, and as a result of the centralization of the primary educational system.^[4]

A significant collection of Bibliothèque bleue volumes is located at the Médiathèque du Grand Troyes [fr].^[5]

References[edit]

^ Andries, Lise (2015). "La Bibliothèque bleue, une littérature éphémère?". Fabula. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ Haddad-Wotling, Karen (2002). "Bibliothèque bleue". Dictionnaire mondial des littératures. Paris: Larousse. Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ Roger Chartier in Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Livre, Cercle de la Librairie, 2003, t. 1, pp. 294-295.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mandrou, Robert (1985). De la culture populaire au 17e et 18e siècles (in French) (2nd ed.). Editions Imago. p. 266. ISBN 9782849524213. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
^ "Bibliothèque bleue". The ARTFL Project. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

Bibliography[edit]

Lise Andries, La bibliothèque bleue au dix-huitième siècle : une tradition éditoriale, Oxford, The Voltaire Foundation, 1989
Alexandre Assier, La Bibliothèque bleue depuis Jean Oudot 1er jusqu'à M. Baudot (1600-1863), Paris, Champion, 1874
Geneviève Bollème, La Bibliothèque bleue, éd. Éditions Julliard, collection Archives, 1971, rééd. Robert Laffont, 2003
René Helot, La Bibliothèque Bleue en Normandie, Rouen, Lainé, 1928, orné de 40 planches de gravures
Marie-Dominique Leclerc & Alain Robert, Desbloéditions au succès populaire, les livrets de la Bibliothèque bleue XVII-XIXe siècles : présentation, anthologie, catalogue, Troyes, C.D.D.P., 1986
Robert Mandrou,De la culture populaire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : la Bibliothèque bleue, Paris, Imago, 1985
Charles Nisard, Histoire des livres populaires, ou de la littérature de Colportage, depuis le XVe siècle, jusqu'à l'établissement des la Commission d'examen des livres du Colportage, 1852
La Bibliothèque bleue et les littératures de colportage, Actes du colloque organisé par la Bibliothèque municipale à vocation régionale de Troyes en collaboration avec l'École nationale des Chartes, Troyes, 12-13 novembre 1999
Socard: Livres populaires imprimés à Troyes de 1600 à 1800. Paris 1864
Gérard Oberlé: La Bibliothèque Bleue. Livres de colportage du XVIIe au XIXe siècle. Montigny-sur-Canne 1983.

External links[edit]

La littérature de colportage
La Bibliothèque bleue
La Bibliothèque bleue : 1600-1863 d'après Alexandre Assier (1874)
Bibliothèque bleue | The ARTFL Project

[1] Andries, Lise (2015). "La Bibliothèque bleue, une littérature éphémère?". Fabula. Archived from the original on February 10, 2022. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[2] Haddad-Wotling, Karen (2002). "Bibliothèque bleue". Dictionnaire mondial des littératures. Paris: Larousse. Archived from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[3] Roger Chartier in Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Livre, Cercle de la Librairie, 2003, t. 1, pp. 294-295.

[Troyes-4] Mandrou, Robert (1985). De la culture populaire au 17e et 18e siècles (in French) (2nd ed.). Editions Imago. p. 266. ISBN 9782849524213. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

[5] "Bibliothèque bleue". The ARTFL Project. Archived from the original on December 7, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2022.

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[2]

[3]

[4]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genre of Early Modern French literature}}
+{{italic title}}
 [[File:Huon-de-Bordeaux.jpg|thumb| ''[[Huon of Bordeaux]]'', printed in [[Troyes]] by the Widow Oudot (Anne Hussard) {{circa|1720}}]]
-'''''{{lang|fr|Bibliothèque bleue}}''''' ("blue library" in French) is a type of [[ephemera]] and [[popular literature]] published in [[Early Modern France]] (between {{circa|1602}} and {{ca.|1830}}), comparable to the English [[chapbook]] and the German ''{{lang|de|[[Volksbuch]]}}''. As was the case in England and Germany, that literary format appealed to all levels of French society, transcending social, sex, and age barriers.
+'''''{{lang|fr|Bibliothèque bleue}}''''' ("blue library" in French) is a type of [[ephemera]] and [[popular literature]] published in [[Early Modern France]] (between {{circa|1602}} and {{ca.|1830}}), comparable to the English [[chapbook]] and the German ''{{lang|de|[[Volksbuch]]}}''. As was the case in England and Germany, the literary format appealed to all levels of French society, transcending social, sex, and age barriers.
+The term ''{{lang|fr|Bibliothèque bleue}}'' originates in a publishing scheme introduced 1602 in [[Troyes]] by the brothers Jean and Nicolas Oudot, in association with the family of Claude Garnier, who had been printer to the king.<ref>{{cite web|last=Andries|first=Lise|url=https://www.fabula.org/colloques/document2919.php|title=La Bibliothèque bleue, une littérature éphémère?|date=2015|website=Fabula|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=February 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210024900/https://www.fabula.org/colloques/document2919.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Oudot produced prints in low quality and small format. Sold with a blue paper [[book cover|cover]], these [[brochure]]-like products came to be known as ''livres bleus'', or "blue books".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Haddad-Wotling|first=Karen|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/litterature/Biblioth%C3%A8que_bleue/171669|title=Bibliothèque bleue|encyclopedia=Dictionnaire mondial des littératures|publisher=[[Éditions Larousse|Larousse]]|date=|year=2002|location=Paris|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621093949/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/litterature/Biblioth%C3%A8que_bleue/171669|url-status=live}}</ref>
-''{{lang|fr|Bibliothèque bleue}}'' is in origin a term for a publishing scheme introduced 1602 in [[Troyes]] by  the brothers Jean and Nicolas Oudot, in association with the family of Claude Garnier (1535-1589), who had been printer to the king.
-Oudot produced prints in low quality and small format. Sold with a blue paper [[book cover|cover]], these [[brochure]]-like products came to be known as ''livres bleus'', or "blue books".
-The content matter was at first limited to local ephemera, but it was soon popularized and imitated in other cities such as [[Rouen]], [[Angers]], [[Caen]], [[Limoges]], [[Avignon]], [[Dinan]], [[Épinal]], and perhaps as many as sixty other towns, sold in urban bookshops and carted off into the countryside by itinerant colporteurs (peddlers). This wide distribution represented the historical origin of "popular mass media" in France.<ref>Roger Chartier in ''Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Livre'', Cercle de la Librairie, 2003, t. 1, pp. 294-295.</ref> Later in the 17th century, the ''Bibliothèque bleue'' in Troyes became a family business run by the sons of Jean Oudot, Jean II and Jacques I, later Nicolas II and Nicolas III. The Oudot business soon encountered competition, notably by the [[Garnier (surname)|Garnier]] family.
+The content matter was at first limited to local ephemera, but it was soon popularized and imitated in other cities such as [[Rouen]], [[Angers]], [[Caen]], [[Limoges]], [[Avignon]], [[Dinan]], [[Épinal]], sold in urban bookshops and taken into the countryside by itinerant ''[[colportage|colporteurs]]'' (peddlers). This wide distribution represented the historical origin of "popular mass media" in France.<ref>Roger Chartier in ''Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Livre'', Cercle de la Librairie, 2003, t. 1, pp. 294-295.</ref> Later in the 17th century, the ''Bibliothèque bleue'' in Troyes became a family business run by the sons of Jean Oudot, Jean II and Jacques I, later Nicolas II and Nicolas III. The Oudot business soon encountered competition, notably by the [[Garnier (surname)|Garnier]] family.<ref name=Troyes>{{cite book|last1=Mandrou|first1=Robert|author-link=Robert Mandrou|title=De la culture populaire au 17e et 18e siècles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_j_dDQAAQBAJ&hl|date=1985|publisher=Editions Imago|edition=2nd|pages=266|language=fr|isbn=9782849524213|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=April 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416022419/https://books.google.com/books?id=_j_dDQAAQBAJ&hl|url-status=live}}</ref>
-Nicolas III in 1665 married the daughter of a Paris librarian and established himself in the capital, and began to publish in great quantities, on subject matters including theatre, storybook (especially prose retellings of medieval [[verse novel]]s such as ''[[Fierabras]], [[Robert the Devil|Robert le Diable]], '' and ''[[Jean de Paris]]''), satire (''[[roman picaresque]]''), religious literature, almanacs, manuals on etiquette, cookbooks, songbooks and astrology, etc.
+In 1665, Nicolas III married the daughter of a Paris bookseller and established himself in the capital, and began to publish in great quantities, on subject matters including theatre, storybook (especially prose retellings of medieval [[verse novel]]s such as ''[[Fierabras]], [[Robert the Devil|Robert le Diable]], '' and ''[[Jehan de Paris|Jean de Paris]]''), satire (''[[roman picaresque]]''), religious literature, almanacs, manuals on etiquette, cookbooks, songbooks and astrology. After the death of Nicholas II, his widow continued the Troyes business, and became known throughout the kingdom as the ''veuve Oudot'' (widow Oudot), by the 18th century attaining a near-monopoly in the genre.<ref name="Troyes" />
-After the death of Nicholas II, his widow continued the Troyes business, and became known throughout the kingdom as the ''veuve Oudot'' (widow Oudot), by the  18th century attaining a near-monopoly in the genre.
-Oudot went out of business in 1760, due to new legislation limiting the right to reprint works. Garnier persisted into the [[Republican France|Republican era]], but went bankrupt 1830, as their business model had become outdated and could no longer compete with modern forms of printing publishing led by Loius Hachette and as a result of the centralization of the primary educational system.
+Oudot went out of business in 1760, due to new legislation limiting the right to reprint works. Garnier persisted into the [[Republican France|Republican era]], but went bankrupt 1830, as their business model had become outdated and could no longer compete with modern forms of printing publishing led by [[Louis Hachette]], and as a result of the centralization of the primary educational system.<ref name="Troyes" />
-A significant collection of Bibliothèque bleue volumes is located at the {{ill|Médiathèque du Grand Troyes|fr}}.
+A significant collection of Bibliothèque bleue volumes is located at the {{ill|Médiathèque du Grand Troyes|fr}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/bibliotheque-bleue|title=Bibliothèque bleue|website=The ARTFL Project|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=December 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207210116/https://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/bibliotheque-bleue|url-status=live}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 {{reflist}}
+==Bibliography==
 * Lise Andries, ''La bibliothèque bleue au dix-huitième siècle : une tradition éditoriale'', Oxford, The Voltaire Foundation, 1989
 * Alexandre Assier, ''La Bibliothèque bleue depuis Jean Oudot 1er jusqu'à M. Baudot (1600-1863)'', Paris, Champion, 1874
-* Geneviève Bollème, ''La Bibliothèque bleue'', éd. Éditions Julliard, collection Archives, [[1971 en littérature|1971]], rééd. Robert Laffont, 2003
+* Geneviève Bollème, ''La Bibliothèque bleue'', éd. Éditions Julliard, collection Archives, [[1971 in literature|1971]], rééd. Robert Laffont, 2003
 *René Helot, ''La Bibliothèque Bleue en Normandie'', Rouen, Lainé, 1928, orné de 40 planches de gravures
 *Marie-Dominique Leclerc & Alain Robert, '' Desbloéditions au succès populaire, les livrets de la Bibliothèque bleue XVII-XIXe siècles : présentation, anthologie, catalogue'', Troyes, C.D.D.P., 1986
 *Robert Mandrou,''De la culture populaire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : la Bibliothèque bleue'', Paris, Imago, 1985
 * Charles Nisard, ''Histoire des livres populaires, ou de la littérature de Colportage, depuis le XVe siècle, jusqu'à l'établissement des la Commission d'examen des livres du Colportage'', 1852
 * ''La Bibliothèque bleue et les littératures de colportage'', Actes du colloque organisé par la Bibliothèque municipale à vocation régionale de Troyes en collaboration avec l'École nationale des Chartes, Troyes, 12-13 novembre 1999
 * Socard: ''Livres populaires imprimés à Troyes de 1600 à 1800''. Paris 1864
 * [[Gérard Oberlé]]: ''La Bibliothèque Bleue. Livres de colportage du XVIIe au XIXe siècle''. Montigny-sur-Canne 1983.
@@ Line 36: / Line 37: @@
 *[http://www.ecoles.cfwb.be/argattidegamond/Contes/Chaperon/Colportage.htm La littérature de colportage]
 *[http://www.histoire-genealogie.com/spip.php?article338 La Bibliothèque bleue]
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606040523/http://www.tourisme-troyes.com/0/histoire/livre.asp La Bibliothèque bleue de Troyes] and [http://www.numerique.culture.fr/mpf/pub-fr/document.html?id=FR-DC-B103876101_003 Livrets de la bibliothèque bleue, bois gravés de la bibliothèque municipale de Troyes]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
 * ''[http://le-bibliomane.blogspot.com/2008/10/la-bibliothque-bleue-1600-1863-daprs.html La Bibliothèque bleue : 1600-1863]'' d'après Alexandre Assier (1874)
 *[https://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/bibliotheque-bleue Bibliothèque bleue | The ARTFL Project]
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Bibliotheque bleue}}
 [[Category:17th-century French literature]]
-[[Category:17th-century printing companies]]
+[[Category:Printing companies established in the 17th century]]
 [[Category:18th-century French literature]]
-[[Category:18th-century printing companies]]
+[[Category:Printing companies established in the 18th century]]
 [[Category:Chapbooks]]
 [[Category:Editorial collections]]

Latest revision as of 20:43, 3 May 2024

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

External links[edit]