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{{Short description|Fruit tree}}
{{speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|name = Mangosteen
| image = Gardenology.org-IMG 8172 qsbg11mar.jpg
|kingdong = Plantae
|status = LC
|phylum = Tracheophyta
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|class = Equisetopsida C. Agardh
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author= Deepu, S. |author2= Geethakumary, M.P. |date=2020 |title= ''Garcinia cowa'' |volume=2020 |page= e.T61988928A61988973 |doi= 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61988928A61988973.en |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref>
|order = Malpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
⚫
| genus = Garcinia
|family = Clusiaceae Lindl.
| species = cowa
⚫
|genus = Garcinia
|species = cowa
| authority = Roxb.
|authority = Roxb
}}
}}


'''''Garcinia cowa''''', commonly known as '''Cowa fruit''' or '''Cowa mangosteen'''<ref>https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/249814</ref> is an evergreen plant with edible fruit native to [[Asia]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Southwest China. The tree is harvested from the wild for its edible fruits and leaves, which are used locally. <ref>http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Garcinia+cowa</ref> Generally found in evergreen tracts. Flowers are yellow, male & female flowers are separated. <ref>https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/249814</ref>
'''''Garcinia cowa''''', commonly known as '''cowa fruit''' or '''cowa mangosteen'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC.|url=https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/249814|access-date=2020-07-05|website=India Biodiversity Portal}}</ref> is an evergreen plant with edible fruit native to [[Asia]], [[India]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]], [[Malaysia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]], and [[southwest China]]. The tree is harvested from the wild for its edible fruits and leaves, which are used locally.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Garcinia cowa - Useful Tropical Plants|url=http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Garcinia+cowa|access-date=2020-07-05|website=tropical.theferns.info}}</ref> Flowers are yellow, male & female flowers are separated.<ref name=":0" />

It is locally known as '''Kau Thekera''' in [[Assamese language|Assamese]], ''Kowa'' in Bengali and Malayalam, ''Kau'' in Manipuri.<ref>https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/249814</ref>
It is locally known as '''Kau Thekera''' (কাও থেকেৰা) in [[Assamese language|Assamese]], ''Kawa'' or ''kau'' in Bengali and Malayalam, ''Kau'' in Manipuri.<ref name=":0" />

==Uses==

=== Culinary ===
The fruit can be eaten raw and has an acidic flavor. It is used in [[curries]] as a [[tamarind]]-like flavoring, as well as being used for making pickles. It can be made into slices and sun-dried as a way to preserve it. Its leaves can also be cooked and eaten.<ref name=":1" />

===Folk medicine===
In Thailand ''Garcinia cowa'' has been used in the local [[folk medicine]], the bark as an [[antipyretic]] and [[antimicrobial]], the [[latex]] as an antipuretic, and the fruits and leaves to improve blood circulation, as an [[expectorant]] for coughs and indigestion, and a laxative. The roots are believed to relieve fevers, and in [[East India]], sun-dried slices of the fruit have been used as a treatment for [[dysentery]].<ref name=uses>{{cite book |last1=T. K. |first1=Lim |title=Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants |date=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789400717640 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MDEqFGeKVoC&dq=garcinia+cowa&pg=PA33}}</ref>

===Anti-malarial===
Studies have found that the bark contains five [[xanthones]] with [[anti-malarial]] properties ''in vitro'' against ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]''.<ref name=uses/>

===Dyes and resins===
The bark is also used to produce a yellow [[dye]] for clothes. The gum resin is used in varnishes.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 20: Line 34:
* [[Garcinia lanceifolia]]
* [[Garcinia lanceifolia]]
* [[Garcinia morella]]
* [[Garcinia morella]]
* [[Garcinia assamica]]
* [[Garcinia dulcis]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q10823721}}

== External links ==


[[Category:Edible fruits]]
[[Category:Edible fruits]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]]
[[Category:Fruits originating in Asia]]
[[Category:Garcinia]]
[[Category:Garcinia|cowa]]
[[Category:Tropical fruit]]
[[Category:Tropical fruit]]
[[Category:Crops]]
[[Category:Crops]]
[[Category:Fruit trees]]
[[Category:Fruit trees]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]
[[Category:Plant dyes]]


{{Clusiaceae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:50, 6 May 2024

Garcinia cowa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Clusiaceae
Genus: Garcinia
Species:
G. cowa
Binomial name
Garcinia cowa
Roxb.

Garcinia cowa, commonly known as cowa fruit or cowa mangosteen[2] is an evergreen plant with edible fruit native to Asia, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and southwest China. The tree is harvested from the wild for its edible fruits and leaves, which are used locally.[3] Flowers are yellow, male & female flowers are separated.[2]

It is locally known as Kau Thekera (কাও থেকেৰা) in Assamese, Kawa or kau in Bengali and Malayalam, Kau in Manipuri.[2]

Uses[edit]

Culinary[edit]

The fruit can be eaten raw and has an acidic flavor. It is used in curries as a tamarind-like flavoring, as well as being used for making pickles. It can be made into slices and sun-dried as a way to preserve it. Its leaves can also be cooked and eaten.[3]

Folk medicine[edit]

In Thailand Garcinia cowa has been used in the local folk medicine, the bark as an antipyretic and antimicrobial, the latex as an antipuretic, and the fruits and leaves to improve blood circulation, as an expectorant for coughs and indigestion, and a laxative. The roots are believed to relieve fevers, and in East India, sun-dried slices of the fruit have been used as a treatment for dysentery.[4]

Anti-malarial[edit]

Studies have found that the bark contains five xanthones with anti-malarial properties in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum.[4]

Dyes and resins[edit]

The bark is also used to produce a yellow dye for clothes. The gum resin is used in varnishes.[citation needed]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Deepu, S.; Geethakumary, M.P. (2020). "Garcinia cowa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T61988928A61988973. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T61988928A61988973.en. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex DC". India Biodiversity Portal. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  3. ^ a b "Garcinia cowa - Useful Tropical Plants". tropical.theferns.info. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  4. ^ a b T. K., Lim (2012). Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants. Springer. ISBN 9789400717640.


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